Afleveringen
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How does technology change the way we fight or think about war? Are autonomous weapons systems the silver bullet that will "solve war" and make it nice and clean? What impact have drones had on the war in Ukraine? Are autonomous weapons really used? What can we learn from tragedy when it comes to taking responsibility for how we fight? Why don't we just let the robots do the fighting?
In addition to presenting his research, Neil Renic, lecturer in military ethics at the University of New South Wales, offers his perspectives on the black box problem, the idea of meaningful human control over weapons systems, programming ethics into machines, and the future development and regulation of autonomous weapons.
Shownotes:
Producer and host: Sune With [email protected]
Cover art: Sebastian Gram
Dovidka.info, 2025, âAttack by drones dropping explosives: how to protect yourselfâ (accessed 12. March 2025)
https://dovidka.info/en/in-the-combat-area/
Renic, Neil, 2024, âThe Cost of Atrocity: Strategic Implications of Russian Battlefield Misconduct in Ukraineâ. Ethics and International Affairs. doi:10.1017/S0892679424000054.
Renic, Neil and Benoit Pelopidas. 2024. âThe Tragicized Politics of Nuclear Weapons and Armed Drones and the Making of Unaccountabilityâ, Ethics and International Affairs. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679424000145.
Renic, Neil and Christenson, Johan, 2024, âDrones, the Russo-Ukrainian War, and the Future of Armed Conflictâ,CMS Report.
https://cms.polsci.ku.dk/english/publications/drones-the-russo-ukrainian-war-and-the-future-of-armed-conflict/.
Renic, Neil, 2024, "Tragic Reflection, political wisdom, and the future of algorithmic war," Australian Journal of International Affairs. http://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2024.2328299.
Renic, Neil and Schwarz, Elke, 2023, "Crimes of Dispassion: Autonomous Weapons and The Moral Challenge of Systematic Killing," Ethics and International Affairs. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679423000291.
Renic, Neil, 2023, "Remote Warfare: Trends, Drivers, Limits," in Routledge Handbook of the Future of Warfare. Edited by A. Gruszczak, S. Kaempf.
Renic, Neil, 2022, "Superweapons and the Myth of Technological Peace." The European Journal of International Relations. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540661221136764.
Renic, Neil, 2020, âAsymmetric Killing: Risk Avoidance, Just War, and the Warrior Ethosâ, Oxford University Press. : https://global.oup.com/academic/product/asymmetric-killing-9780198851462?cc=de&lang=en&
Star Trek, 1967, âA Taste of Armageddonâ
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Taste_of_Armageddon
United Nations, 11. February 2025, âShort-range drones: The deadliest threat to civilians in Ukraineâ (Assessed 12. March 2025)
https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1160016
Music: Sofus Forsberg
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Why would a military use an autonomous weapons system? What do they bring to the battlefield in Ukraine? Is AI in the military a revolution? And what and why should we teach future officers about tomorrow's weapons systems?
In addition to giving a hands-on account from within the military, Lasse Kronborg, major at the Royal Danish Defence College, offers his perspectives on the black box, meaningful human control, how machines could be programmed, and what we can expect in the future.
Shownotes:
Producer and host: Sune With [email protected]
Cover art: Sebastian Gram
Department of Defense, 2023, âDoD Directive 3000.09 Autonomy in weapons Systemsâ (Accessed April 2. 2025)
https://www.esd.whs.mil/portals/54/documents/dd/issuances/dodd/300009p.pdf
General Assembly, United Nations, December 28. 2023, 78/241 Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (Accessed April 2. 2025)
https://docs.un.org/en/a/res/78/241
IEEE SA Research Group on Issues of Autonomy and AI in Defense Systems. (2024). âA Framework for Human Decision Making Through the Lifecycle of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems in Defense Applicationsâ. New York, NY: IEEE SA (Accessed April 2. 2025)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10707139
IEEE Standards Association (Accessed April 2. 2025)
https://standards.ieee.org/
Submission of the United States of America, 2023, Resolution 78/241 âLethal Autonomous Weapons Systemsâ adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 22. December 2023 (Accessed April 2. 2025)
https://docs-library.unoda.org/General_Assembly_First_Committee_-Seventy-Ninth_session_(2024)/78-241-US-EN.pdf
Music: Sofus Forsberg
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Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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Just war means a justified war. But what justifies a war? Can letting machines kill be justified? How and where is war regulated? And how are the philosophical and legal frameworks of war connected? Iben Yde, lawyer and consultant at Rethink Advisory, explains and gives an account of her role as a military lawyer and advisor.
Claus Borg Reinholdt, correspondent for TV2 Denmark, tells a horrifying story of a drone siege of Kherson, Ukraine.
Besides explaining how war is regulated, Iben Yde provides her perspectives on the black box problem, the notion of meaningful human control, programming ethics into machines, and the future of regulating autonomous weapons through the CCW and GGE, UN system.
Shownotes:
Producer and host: Sune With [email protected]
Cover artwork: Sebastian Gram
Arkin, C. Ronald, 2009, âGoverning Lethal Behaviour in Autonomous Robotsâ, CRC Press.
Arkin, Ronald C., 2010, âThe Case for Ethical Autonomy in Unmanned Systemsâ, Journal of Military Ethics, 9:4, 332-341
Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) (Accessed Feb 25. 2025).
https://disarmament.unoda.org/the-convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons/
Geneva Conventions and the rules of war with comments. ICRC (Accessed Feb 25. 2025).
https://www.icrc.org/en/law-and-policy/geneva-conventions-and-their-commentaries
Group of Governmental Experts, UN (Accessed Feb 25. 2025).
https://disarmament.unoda.org/group-of-governmental-experts/
Orend, Brian, 2016, "War", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2016
Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.) (Accessed Feb 25. 2025)
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/war/ - 2.2
RE-AIM Blueprint for Action, 2024 (Accessed Feb 25. 2025).
https://www.reaim2024.kr/home/reaimeng/board/bbsDetail.do?encMenuId=4e57325766362f626e5179454e6d6e4d4a4d33507a773d3d&encBbsMngNo=366e794c7a644d756342425668444f393053755142673d3d&encBbsNo=6f784e4542386f7735767465766a6531556f4b6149413d3d&ctlPageNow=1&schKind=bbsTtlCn&schWord=%23this
Reinholdt, Claus Borg, November 11. 2024, News story on drone attacks in Kherson, Ukraine (Accessed Feb 28. 2025)
https://nyheder.tv2.dk/video/2024-11-11-russerne-terroriserer-lokalbefolkningen-med-droneangreb-fortaeller-tv-2-korrespondent-6364543133112
Responsibility to Protect, R2P, UN, 2005 (Accessed Feb 25. 2025).
https://www.un.org/en/genocide-prevention/responsibility-protect/about
Rethink Advisory, 2025 (Accessed Feb 25. 2025).
https://www.rethinkadvisory.dk/
United Nations Charter, 26 June 1945 (Accessed Feb 25. 2025)
https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter
United Nations, 11. February 2025, âShort-range drones: The deadliest threat to civilians in Ukraineâ (Assessed 12. March 2025)
https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/02/1160016
Walzer, Michael, 1977, 2015, âJust and Unjust Wars â a moral argument with historical illustrationsâ, Basic Books, fifth edition.
Yde, Iben, Galasz, Dahlberg, 2021, âSmart krig â MilitĂŚr anvendelse af kunstig intelligensâ, DJĂFâs forlag.
Music: Sofus Forsberg
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Who thinks autonomous weapons systems are a good idea? Well, 250+ NGOs don't. Charlotte Akin, Projects & Logistics Officer from the coalition "Campaign to Stop Killer Robots," explains how the coalition works and its main objections to autonomous weapons. Is there any chance for regulation?
Besides presenting the campaign's work, Charlotte gives her perspectives on the black box, meaningful human control, programming ethics into robots and the perspectives for regulation.
AntĂłnoi Guterres and his Holiness Pope Francis have a few words on their own to say on the matter.
Shownotes:
Producer and host: Sune With [email protected]
Cover artwork: Sebastian Gram
Antonio Guterresâs speech at the UNSC, December 2024.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YuOC5wQk80
Automated Decision Team
https://automatedresearch.org/
Charlotte Akin, Campaign to Stop Killer Robots
https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/our-team/
Mares, Courtney, 2024-07-10, âPope Francis tells AI leaders: No machine should ever choose to take human lifeâ, EWTN VATICAN.
https://www.ewtnvatican.com/articles/pope-francis-tells-ai-leaders-no-machine-should-ever-choose-to-take-human-life-3065
Stop Killer Robots
https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/
Stop Killer Robots member organisations.
https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/a-global-push/member-organisations/
The Manila Times, 16. June 2024, Pope Francis calls for ban on âlethal autonomous weapons at G7 meeting.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/OEKRNA6OMAo
UN, Antonio Guterres stance on autonomous weapons.
https://disarmament.unoda.org/the-convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons/background-on-laws-in-the-ccw/
UN, 2023, different countriesâ definitions of autonomous weapons.
https://docs-library.unoda.org/Convention_on_Certain_Conventional_Weapons_-Group_of_Governmental_Experts_on_Lethal_Autonomous_Weapons_Systems_(2023)/CCW_GGE1_2023_CRP.1_0.pdf
UN, resolution A/C. I/79/L.77
https://reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/1com/1com24/resolutions/L77.pdf
Music: Sofus Forsberg
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Is AI just a tool? What is the difference between human cognition and systems logic? How do the automation and routinisation of war change how we fight and think of our enemy? Does Israel's target-generating AI systems work in the war in Gaza, and what is the result so far?
Professor of Political Theory Elke Schwarz discusses her research, the black box, meaningful human control, programming ethics into machines, and the future of regulating autonomous weapons systems.
Shownotes:
Producer: Sune With, [email protected]
Cover artwork: Sebastian Gram
Abraham, Yural, November 30. 2023, âA mass assassination factory: Inside Israels calculated bombing of Gazaâ, +972Magazine.
https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/
Abraham, Yural, April 3. 2024, âLavenderâ:The AI machine directing Israels bombing spree in Gaza, +972Magazine.
https://www.972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza/
Davis, Harry; McKernan, Bentham; Sabbagh, Dan, December 1, 2023, âThe Gospel: how Israel uses AI to select bombing targets in Gazaâ, The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/01/the-gospel-how-israel-uses-ai-to-select-bombing-targets
Frankel Pratt, Simon, May 2. 2024, âWhen AI Decides Who Lives and Diesâ, Foreign Policy.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/05/02/israel-military-artificial-intelligence-targeting-hamas-gaza-deaths-lavender/
Gritten, David, October 9. 2023, âIsrael´s military says it fully controls communities on Gaza borderâ, BBC.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67050127
Guardian, April 3. 2024, âIsrael Defence Forces´ response to claims about the use of âLavenderâ AI database in Gazaâ.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/03/israel-defence-forces-response-to-claims-about-use-of-lavender-ai-database-in-gaza
Krauss, Joseph, February 5. 2025, âGaza is in ruins, and it´s unclear how it will be rebuiltâ, Associated Press.
https://apnews.com/article/israel-hamas-war-gaza-strip-reconstruction-trump-d6a6ff45583b7959403a8615469866d5
McKernan, Bethan; Davies, Harry, 3 April 2024, âThe machine did it coldly´:Israel used AI to identify 37.000 Hamas targets. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/03/israel-gaza-ai-database-hamas-airstrikes
No Comment TV, October 9. 2023, âWe are fighting human animalâ, said Israeli Defence Minister Yoav Gallantâ (Accessed March 27. 2025)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbPdR3E4hCk
Schwarz, Elke, March 14. 2024, âDevalued Humanity: The Status of Human Life in Times of Nihilistic Warâ, Opinio Juris.
https://opiniojuris.org/2024/03/14/devalued-humanity-the-status-of-human-life-in-times-of-nihilistic-war/
Schwarz, Elke, 2021, âAutonomous Weapons Systems, Artificial Intelligence, and the Problem of meaningful Human Controlâ, The Philosophical Journal of Conflict and Violence, Vol. V Issue 1.
Schwarz, Elke; Renic, Neil, 2023, âCrimes of Dispassion: Autonomous Weapons and the Moral Challenge of Systematic Killingâ, Ethics and International Affairs, 37, no. 3, pp. 321-343.
Schwarz, Elke, 2018, âDeath Machines â The ethics of violent technologiesâ, Manchester University Press.
Schwarz, Elke, April 12. 2024, âGaza war: Israel using AI to identify human targets raising fears that innocents are being caught in the netâ, The Conversation.
https://theconversation.com/gaza-war-israel-using-ai-to-identify-human-targets-raising-fears-that-innocents-are-being-caught-in-the-net-227422
UN, OHCHR, November 14. 2024, âUN Special Committee finds Israel´s warfare methods in Gaza consistent with genocide, including use of starvation as weapons of warâ, UN.
https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide
UN, UN News, November 22. 2024, â2024 deadliest year ever for aid workers, UN humanitarian office reportsâ, UN.
https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/11/1157371
Music: Sofus Forsberg
