Afleveringen
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In this episode, I talk with Gabriel Baldanzi, PhD, M.D., and Koen Dekkers, Research Assistant, who work in the same research group at Uppsala University. They are both actively researching the role of the gut microbiome in human health and chronic disease.
Studies discussed in this episode:
Dekkers, K.F., Sayols-Baixeras, S., Baldanzi, G. et al. An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition. Nature Communications 13, 5370 (2022).Baldanzi, Gabriel et al. Accelerometer-based physical activity is associated with the gut microbiota in 8416 individuals in SCAPIS. eBioMedicine, Volume 100, 104989.Baldanzi, Gabriel et al., OSA Is Associated With the Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential in the Population-Based Swedish CardioPulmonary bioImage Study. CHEST, Volume 164, Issue 2, 503 - 516.Gutsy atlas link.
Episode chapters:
00:00 Introduction to the episode and guest researchers, discussing the role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases.
06:00 Overview of how bacteria in the gut impact health, immune response, and metabolism.
09:24 Methods used in the study, focusing on shotgun metagenomics and its advantages.
10:01 The relationship between gut microbiota-derived metabolites like TMAO and cardiovascular risk.
12:11 Explanation of metagenomics methods used in the study to measure gut microbiome.
18:09 Overview of the study’s large sample size and its unique approach.
20:44 Health Implications of Butyrate
21:37 Fiber’s Role in Butyrate Production
23:32 Diet and Gut Microbiome Diversity
27:18 Fiber Intake and Gut Health
30:19 Alpha Diversity in the Gut Microbiome
37:05 Microbiome Diversity and Type 2 Diabetes
44:00 Future of Microbiome Sampling Techniques: Capsule Innovations
45:04 Exploring Rare and Uncatalogued Species
47:02 The Role of AI in Gut Microbiome Research
50:00 Selecting Metabolites for Research Focus & Gutsy Atlas
01:00:11 Coffee Metabolites and Their Variance
01:00:40 Interpreting Associations between Coffee Metabolites and Gut Microbiota Variety and Specific Species
01:06:27 Streptococcus salivarius and Coffee Metabolites
01:10:31 Plasma Nucleotides and Gut Microbiome
01:12:12 Physical Activity and Gut Microbiome Diversity
01:14:55 Dietary Fiber and Gut Microbiome Diversity
01:15:53 Physical Activity and Its Impact on Gut Health
01:16:46 Physical Activity, Adiposity, and Microbiome Diversity
01:19:25:12 Genetic Predisposition and Physical Activity Effects
01:22:14 Gut Microbiota and Exercise Enjoyment
01:22:55 Gut-Brain Axis and Exercise
01:23:43 Lactate-consuming Bacteria in Marathon Runners
01:25:23 Gut Microbiota and Physical Activity Habits
01:25:51 Sedentary Behavior and GABA-producing E. coli Abundance
01:27:36 Gut Microbiota’s Effect on Behavior
01:28:40 Vagus Nerve and Gut Microbiota Influence
01:30:07 Fecal Transplants and Mood Enhancement
01:32:47 Colonization Resistance and Probiotics, The Long-Term Effects of Supplementing Gut Bacteria
01:37:28 Factors Influencing Probiotic Retention
01:38:47 Risks of Probiotics Competing with Native Species
01:43:36 What Diet is Best for Promoting a Healthy Gut Microbiome
01:45:30 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Gut Microbiome
01:47:58 Hypoxia and its Impact on the Gut Microbiome, Including by Altering Lactate and Propionate Metabolism
02:00:07 Cognitive Performance and the Gut Microbiome
02:00:31 Upcoming Large Microbiome Studies
02:01:08 Preliminary Findings in Microbiome and Cognition
02:06:45 Current Microbiome Tests for Consumers on the Commercial Market
02:10:50 Antibiotic Use and Its Long-Term Effects on the Microbiome
02:13:22 Conclusion and Thanks
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Please beware of the risks of exposing your skin to sunlight in general and UVA light in particular. A large body of evidence suggests that UVA light exposure on the skin can increase risk for various skin cancers. This podcast episode is not intended as a recommendation to increase your personal amount of time spent in the sun. The decision of how much sunlight to expose your skin to is yours to make. This podcast episode is intended to raise awareness of only some of the effects of UVA in order to help you make that decision an informed decision. So, in the name of increasing awareness of all of the effects of sunlight on human health, please take into consideration not only the potential positive psychological effects that were mentioned in this episode, but also some established harmful somatic effects of UVA light:
https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/uv-radiation/
Study link: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC113771/
Study reference: Gambichler T, et al. Impact of UVA exposure on psychological parameters and circulating serotonin and melatonin.
BMC Dermatol. 2002 Apr 12;2:6. doi: 10.1186/1471-5945-2-6. PMID: 11952999; PMCID: PMC113771.
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Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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Study link: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5859
Study reference:
Nunes, J.P., et al.
Placing Greater Torque at Shorter or Longer Muscle Lengths? Effects of Cable vs. Barbell Preacher Curl Training on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Young Adults.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5859.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165859
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Study link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.659990
Study reference:
Chauvineau Maxime , et al.
Effect of the Depth of Cold Water Immersion on Sleep Architecture and Recovery Among Well-Trained Male Endurance Runners
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. Volume 3. 2021.https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.659990
Related episodes from the Exploring Health and Medicine podcast:
#1: Christian Benedict - How to measure and improve your sleep Does ambient temperature impact sleep quantity or quality? | Mental health monologue #6
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Per Hall is a professor at the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. He is also a senior physician at Södersjukhuset.
His breast cancer research is focused on prevention and early detection.
Timestamps:
00:00 Why breast cancer prevention is important
01:35 Breast Cancer Statistics in Sweden and Worldwide
03:01 Breast Cancer in Males and Age-Related Incidence
05:17 Breast Cancer Screening Programs
07:20 Risk-Based Screening vs. Age-Based Screening
12:21 AI and Machine Learning in Breast Cancer Detection
22:36 Contrast-Enhanced Mammography
29:30 Tamoxifen and Endoxifen for Breast Cancer Prevention
31:07 Tamoxifen's Side Effects and Patient Compliance
31:55 Testing Lower Doses of Tamoxifen
33:27 Endoxifen: A Promising Alternative
34:55 Study Results and Side Effects
37:34 Future Screening Programs and Endoxifen
41:27 Modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
53:39 Self-Examination and Screening Importance
57:48 How to Properly Self-Examine Your Breasts
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Practical takeaways from the study are summarized at the beginning of the episode (00:00 - 04:30).
Study link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079224000194Study reference: Guillaume Chevance, et al.
A systematic review of ambient heat and sleep in a warming climate,
Sleep Medicine Reviews, Volume 75, 2024, 101915, ISSN 1087-0792, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101915.
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Lena Flyckt is an associate professor at the Department of Clinical Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden.
She is recognized for her research in psychiatry, including on schizophrenia and the effects of the condition on caregivers surrounding the patient.
Lena also has more than 30 years of experience working clinically as a psychiatrist, including with many people who have schizophrenia.
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Christian Benedict, PhD, is a sleep researcher at Uppsala University in Sweden.
He is known for his ability to communicate the importance of sleep in both academic and public settings, advocating for sleep as a key factor in maintaining health and productivity.
Follow Christian on InstaGram: https://www.instagram.com/sleep_advocate/
Buy Christians book (Swedish version): https://www.bokus.com/bok/9789178876402/sov-dig-till-ett-battre-liv-vad-andning-sex-melatonin-tyngdtacke-fullmane-och-kiwi-kan-gora-for-din-somn/?fbclid=PAZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAaZwBdKTFb1SZhUgw7jfrZvADGzF67tcfJqQJVDi5b6OOXr8xt3Nv-dMLac_aem_ef109znbPXFYsN2nMw8UYQ
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Article Source: Heart rate variability is enhanced during mindfulness practice: A randomized controlled trial involving a 10-day online-based mindfulness intervention
Kirk U, Axelsen JL (2020) Heart rate variability is enhanced during mindfulness practice: A randomized controlled trial involving a 10-day online-based mindfulness intervention. PLOS ONE 15(12): e0243488. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243488
