Afleveringen
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People might find it hard to set work limits or say “no” before taking on too many responsibilities. But experts say it is important for workers to learn to set such limits, or boundaries.
人们可能会发现在承担太多责任之前，很难设定工作限制或说“否”。 但是专家说，对于工人来说，学习设定这样的局限或界限很重要。
These limits can be important in helping workers protect their physical and mental health. And as with any new skill, setting boundaries gets easier with practice.
这些限制对于帮助工人保护他们的身心健康可能很重要。 与任何新技能一样，练习的设置界限变得更加容易。
Justin Stewart is a 36-year-old who works as a news show production assistant. He told The Associated Press that in the past, he had problems setting clear limits in his work life.
贾斯汀·斯图尔特（Justin Stewart）是一名36岁的年轻人，担任新闻节目制作助理。 他告诉美联社，过去，他在工作生活中遇到了明显的限制。
Stewart explained that when starting his career, he held several jobs. In addition to his full-time position, he also rented cars at the airport and did sales at a store. He said his life was so busy that he said he would sometimes sleep in his car between jobs. After a time, he had to be hospitalized for extreme tiredness and an infection.
斯图尔特（Stewart）解释说，在开始职业生涯时，他担任了几项工作。 除了他的全职职位外，他还在机场租了汽车，并在一家商店进行了销售。 他说自己的生活很忙，他说他有时会在两次工作之间睡在汽车上。 一段时间后，他必须因极度疲倦和感染而住院。
Stewart said that over time, his busy work life finally caught up with him. “While people around me praised my hustle, I eventually paid the price.” He added, “The doctor looked at me and said, ‘I don’t know what lifestyle you’re living, but you’re too young to be this stressed. You’re going to have to quit something.’”
斯图尔特说，随着时间的流逝，他忙碌的工作生活终于赶上了他。 “当我周围的人称赞我的喧嚣时，我最终付出了代价。” 他补充说：“医生看着我，说：‘我不知道你的生活方式，但是你太年轻了，无法感到压力。 您将不得不退出一些东西。’”
As a result, Stewart began trying to set boundaries. He gave up his side jobs after deciding he could live without the extra money. If people from the news show contacted him to work after-hours, he told them he was not available and suggested other people who might be able to help.
结果，斯图尔特开始尝试设定界限。 他决定没有额外的钱可以生活后放弃了自己的工作。 如果新闻节目中的人们与他联系下班后工作，他告诉他们他不可用，并建议其他可能会提供帮助的人。
However, experts say making such changes can be difficult. Many people already have a hard time turning down work requests –from both co-workers and managers. For example, it might make some people feel good to be needed or to please others. But as with any new skill, setting boundaries can get easier over time.
但是，专家说，进行这种更改可能很困难。 许多人已经很难拒绝工作请求 - 从同事和经理们都拒绝。 例如，这可能会使某些人感到满意或取悦别人。 但是，与任何新技能一样，随着时间的推移，设置边界会变得更加容易。
Here are some suggestions from employment experts and workers for effectively setting meaningful work limits.
以下是就业专家和工人有效设定有意义的工作限制的一些建议。
If your goal is to do less, adding things to your daily plans may seem like a bad idea. But it can actually provide more control over your time.
如果您的目标是少做，那么将事情添加到您的日常计划中似乎是个坏主意。 但是它实际上可以提供更多的控制时间。
Bobby Dutton is the founder of event production company GBM6.
鲍比·达顿（Bobby Dutton）是活动生产公司GBM6的创始人。
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A recent study about the smell of Egyptian mummies reached some surprising findings. The ancient bodies did not smell bad, the researchers found. Instead, they say, the remains mostly smelled good.
最近关于埃及木乃伊气味的研究提出了一些令人惊讶的发现。 研究人员发现，古老的身体闻起来并不闻。 他们说，相反，遗体大部分闻起来很香。
Cecilia Bembibre is director of research at University College London's Institute for Sustainable Heritage. “In films and books, terrible things happen to those who smell mummified bodies,” she said. “We were surprised at the pleasantness of them."
Cecilia Bembibre是伦敦大学可持续遗产研究所的研究主任。 她说：“在电影和书籍中，那些闻到木乃伊的身体的人会发生可怕的事情。” “我们对他们的愉悦感到惊讶。”
The researchers reported the leading descriptions of the smells as “woody,” “spicy” and “sweet.” They also reported a floral or flowery smell. That smell could be from pine and juniper resins used in mummification; a process designed to protect the body from decay.
研究人员报告了气味的主要描述为“木质”，“辣”和“甜”。 他们还报告了花香或花香的气味。 这种气味可能来自用于木乃伊化的松树和杜松树脂。 旨在保护身体免受衰减的过程。
The study appeared recently in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. It used both chemical examinations and several human smellers to study nine mummies. The mummies, some around 5,000 years old, had been housed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
该研究最近发表在《美国化学学会杂志》上。 它使用化学检查和几种人气味来研究九个木乃伊。 木乃伊大约有5，000年的历史，已在开罗的埃及博物馆住所。
Bembibre, one of the report’s writers, said the researchers wanted to study the smell of mummies because it has long been a subject of interest for the public and researchers alike.
该报告的作家之一Bembibre说，研究人员想研究木乃伊的气味，因为它长期以来一直是公众和研究人员感兴趣的主题。
She added that even fiction writers have written pages of work on the subject — for good reason.
她补充说，即使是小说作家也已经写了有关该主题的作品 - 这是有充分理由的。
Scent, or smell, was an important consideration in the mummification process. This process used oils and plant-based materials to protect the body and its spirit for the afterlife. Mummification was largely used for powerful people such as pharaohs and other leaders.
气味或气味是木乃伊化过程中的重要考虑因素。 该过程使用油和植物性材料来保护人体及其来世的精神。 木乃伊化主要用于法老王和其他领导人等强大的人。
Pleasant smells were linked with purity and gods. Bad smells were signs of corruption and decay.
宜人的气味与纯洁和神灵有关。 气味不佳是腐败和衰败的迹象。
Researchers did not want to directly measure the mummies, because doing so might be damaging. Instead, researchers were able to take measurements that did not involve touching the mummies. Researchers from UCL and the University of Ljubljana in Slovenia were able to measure smells, pesticides, and other effects due to mold, bacteria or microorganisms.
研究人员不想直接测量木乃伊，因为这样做可能会造成破坏。 取而代之的是，研究人员能够进行不涉及接触木乃伊的测量值。 来自UCL和斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学的研究人员能够测量由于霉菌，细菌或微生物而引起的气味，农药和其他影响。
Using technical instruments to measure air molecules released from sarcophagi was very important, said Matija Strlič, a chemistry professor at the University of Ljubljana.
卢布尔雅那大学的化学教授MatijaStrlič表示，使用技术仪器测量从石棺释放的空气分子非常重要。
"It tells us potentially what social class a mummy was from and therefore reveals a lot of information about the mummified body...." he said. “We believe that this approach is potentially of huge interest to other types of museum collections.”
他说：“它可能告诉我们A Mummy来自哪些社会阶层，因此揭示了有关木乃伊身体的大量信息。” “我们认为，这种方法可能对其他类型的博物馆收藏具有巨大的兴趣。”
Barbara Huber of the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology in Germany was not involved in the study. Huber said the findings provide important data on compounds that could preserve or damage mummified remains. The information could be used to better protect the ancient bodies for future generations.
德国马克斯·普朗克（Max Planck）地球人类学研究所的芭芭拉·胡伯（Barbara Huber）没有参与这项研究。 休伯说，这些发现提供了有关可以保留或损害木乃伊遗骸的化合物的重要数据。 该信息可用于更好地保护不久的世代的古代机构。
Huber said that over thousands of years, differing conditions have changed the scents of the mummies in a major way.
休伯说，在数千年的时间里，不同的条件以主要方式改变了木乃伊的气味。
Huber wrote a study two years ago that examined a jar that had contained mummified organs of a woman. The goal was to identify the material used to preserve the organs and what that would show about ancient trade paths.
休伯（Huber）两年前撰写了一项研究，该研究检查了一个罐子，其中包含一个女人的木乃伊器官。 目的是确定用于保存器官的材料以及有关古代贸易道路的内容。
Researchers of the current study hope to do something similar. They want to use their findings to develop “smellscapes” to recreate the scents they discovered. They also want to change the experience for future museumgoers.
当前研究的研究人员希望做类似的事情。 他们想利用自己的发现来开发“气味景观”来重现他们发现的气味。 他们还想改变未来博物馆的经验。
Bembibre said museums generally ask visitors to experience everything with their eyes. She added that seeing mummies through “a glass case reduces the experience because we don’t get to smell them.”
Bembibre说，博物馆通常要求游客用眼睛体验一切。 她补充说，通过“玻璃盒子降低了这种体验，因为我们没有闻到它们的气味”。
Smelling the scents of mummification would improve the museum visitors’ experiences, she suggested, as smell is one of the ways that people understand the world.
她建议，闻到木乃伊化的气味会改善博物馆游客的经历，因为气味是人们了解世界的一种方式。
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Researchers recently reported new evidence from a study of a medical device placed inside the body, a spine-stimulating implant.
研究人员最近报道了一项对放置在体内的医疗装置的研究的新证据，这是一种刺激脊柱的植入物。
Three people with a muscle-destroying disease got a little stronger after using the implant. They were able to stand and walk more easily because of electrical stimulation to their spinal cord.
使用植入物后，三个患有肌肉疾病的人会变得更强大。 由于对脊髓的电刺激，他们能够更容易站立和走路。
Marco Capogrosso is an assistant professor at the University of Pittsburg, or Pitt, who led the research. "These people were definitely not expecting an improvement," he said. Capogrosso said, "They were getting better and better," over the study that lasted one month.
Marco Capogrosso是匹兹堡大学或皮特大学的助理教授，他领导了这项研究。 他说：“这些人绝对不会期望有所改善。” Capogrosso说：“他们越来越好，”持续一个月的研究。
The implant was able to return some muscle function, at least temporarily. The implant was already being tested to treat paralysis in other patients. This new evidence suggests it might also aid diseases of the nervous system like spinal muscle atrophy, or SMA.
植入物至少能够暂时恢复某些肌肉功能。 该植入物已经被测试以治疗其他患者的麻痹。 该新证据表明，它也可能有助于神经系统（如脊柱肌肉萎缩或SMA）的疾病。
SMA is a genetic disease that slowly destroys motor neurons, nerve cells in the spinal cord that control muscles. That leads muscles to waste away, especially in the legs, hips, and shoulders and sometimes those involved with breathing and swallowing. There is no cure. A gene therapy can save the lives of very young children with a severe form of the disease, and there are some medicines to slow the disease in older patients.
SMA是一种遗传疾病，慢慢破坏了控制肌肉的脊髓中的运动神经元，神经细胞。 这会导致肌肉浪费，尤其是在腿部，臀部和肩膀上，有时甚至是呼吸和吞咽的肌肉。 无法治愈。 基因疗法可以挽救患有严重形式疾病的非常小儿童的生命，并且有一些药物可以减慢老年患者的疾病。
Stimulating the spinal cord with low levels of electricity has long been used to treat chronic, or long-term, pain. Capogrosso's team also has tested it to help people paralyzed by strokes or spinal cord injury move their arms and legs with assistance. The system sends electrical signals to nerves that have stopped reacting. This has the effect of activating the muscles.
长期以来，用低水平的电刺激脊髓来治疗慢性或长期疼痛。 Capogrosso的团队还对其进行了测试，以帮助瘫痪或脊髓损伤瘫痪的人们在帮助的情况下移动手臂和腿部。 该系统将电信号发送到停止反应的神经。 这具有激活肌肉的作用。
Capogrosso wondered if that same technology might help patients with SMA by stimulating sensory nerves to signal damaged muscle cells causing them to move. The researchers at the University of Pittsburgh published their study in Nature Medicine.
Capogrosso想知道，同一技术是否可以通过刺激感觉神经来帮助肌肉细胞发出导致其移动的肌肉细胞来帮助患有SMA的患者。 匹兹堡大学的研究人员发表了他们的自然医学研究。
They implanted electrodes over the lower spinal cord of the three adults with SMA. Using the device did not return normal movement but with a few hours of spinal stimulation a week, all soon experienced improvements in muscle strength and function, the researchers wrote.
他们将电极植入了三个成年人的下脊髓上。 研究人员写道，使用该设备没有返回正常运动，而是每周进行几个小时的脊柱刺激，所有这些都很快就会改善肌肉力量和功能。
Fifty-seven-year-old Doug McCullough took part in the study. "With a progressive disease you never get any better," he said, adding, “So having any improvement is just a really surreal and very exciting benefit."
57岁的道格·麦卡洛（Doug McCullough）参加了这项研究。 他说：“有了进步性疾病，您永远不会变得更好，因此，任何改进只是一个非常超现实和非常令人兴奋的好处。”
All three subjects increased how far they could walk in six minutes by the study's end.
所有三个受试者都增加了他们在研究结束时可以在六分钟内步行多远。
Capogrosso said they could walk farther because they got less tired and “even a person this many years into the disease can improve."
Capogrosso说，他们可以走得更远，因为他们的疲倦减少了，“即使是多年来疾病的人也可以改善”。
Researchers found the improvements did not disappear as soon as the stimulator was turned off. But they did decrease a few months after the study ended.
研究人员发现，一旦关闭刺激器，这些改进就不会消失。 但是在研究结束几个月后，他们确实减少了。
Neuroscientist Susan Harkema led similar studies of stimulation for spinal cord injuries while at the University of Louisville. She warned that the new study is small and did not last very long but said it was an important test of the device. She said it should be tested next with other muscle-degenerating diseases.
神经科学家苏珊·哈克玛（Susan Harkema）在路易斯维尔大学（University of Louisville）进行了类似的对脊髓损伤刺激的研究。 她警告说，这项新研究很小，持续很长时间，但表示这是对该设备的重要测试。 她说，接下来应该对其他肌肉脱生疾病进行测试。
Capogrosso said some small but longer studies are beginning.
Capogrosso说，一些很小但更长的研究开始了。
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Although they're common in Europe, this will be the first city-wide tourist tax in the UK.
虽然游客税在欧洲已经十分常见，但这个新设的游客税将是英国首个覆盖整个城市的游客税。
The Scottish Parliament passed legislation paving the way last year, and now Edinburgh councillors are set to introduce the charge. It will apply to anyone booking overnight accommodation including hotels, AirBnBs, hostels and campsites. The 5% charge will be capped at five consecutive nights.
苏格兰议会于去年通过的相关法案为收取游客税铺平了道路，而如今爱丁堡的政务委员们已经做出了施行这项税法的决定。该游客税将适用于所有在爱丁堡预定宾馆、民宿、青年旅舍和露营地等住宿场所的游客。这项税收将收取每晚住宿费用的 5%，以连续收费五晚为上限。
Edinburgh City Council believes that the levy could eventually raise up to £50 million a year with the funds reinvested in the city to support housing, infrastructure and cultural events.
爱丁堡市政务委员会相信这项税收最终每年能带来近五千万英镑的收入，这部分资金会被重新投资于该市，以支持住宅建设、基础设施建设和举办文化活动。
But a number of accommodation operators are sceptical about the scheme. Concerns have been raised about the time scale, and some self-catering operators have argued that this is an extra burden on top of a new licensing scheme that was introduced in 2023.
但不少住宿设施的经营者都对这项税收计划持怀疑态度。已经有人提出了对游客税中时间规定的担忧，一些提供自炊住宿的经营者还认为这项税收是 2023 年引入的新经营许可证要求之外新增的额外负担。
But, despite these complaints, the direction of travel seems clear. A number of other Scottish councils are developing their own proposals for a similar visitor levy.
尽管有这些抱怨，但设立旅游税的发展趋势似乎十分明显。许多苏格兰城市政务委员会都在起草自己的方案，以收取类似的游客税费。
词汇表
city-wide 全市范围的，覆盖全市的
paving the way 为…铺平道路，为…打下基础
are set to 准备好
capped 以…为上限，被限制在…内
levy 税收，税款
sceptical 持怀疑态度的
burden 负担
direction of travel 行进方向，发展趋势
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Do you have a friend who happily agrees to your plans, only to disappear when the time eventually comes? Maybe they flake on you and cancel last minute, or just don't tell you and then ghost you completely. Or just maybe, it's you that sometimes lets people down. What lies behind this reluctance to keep to engagements?
您是否有一个朋友愉快地同意您的计划，只是在时间到来时就消失了？ 也许他们在您身上涂抹并取消最后一分钟，或者只是不告诉您，然后完全鬼魂。 或者，也许，有时候您会让人们失望。 这种不愿继续参与的背后是什么？
It could be our personality traits. According to psychology professor Richard Koestner, less conscientious or agreeable people tend to have less concern for others and are more likely to overbook themselves socially. While this can be due to bad time management, it can also be because people are afraid of confrontation and saying no to their friends, so end up agreeing to things that they don't really want to do.
这可能是我们的性格特征。 根据心理学教授理查德·科斯特纳（Richard Koestner）的说法，不太认真或愉快的人对他人的关注往往较少，并且更有可能在社交上超额预订自己。 尽管这可能是由于时间管理不佳，但也可能是因为人们害怕对抗并对他们的朋友说不，所以最终同意他们不想做的事情。
Technology could be another factor behind people's willingness to back out of social commitments. Firstly, being able to cancel plans with a simple text message or pressing a 'not attending' button on an invitation, rather than doing it face-to-face or through an awkward phone call, is a much more frictionless way to say you have changed your mind. On top of this, people have become used to the instant gratification offered by social media and streaming platforms. Does this make real-life interaction seem mundane and arduous by comparison? Could it be generational? A 2017 study found that 45% of American millennials saw nothing wrong with withdrawing from social arrangements. Older generations were less likely to pull out of events that they had been invited to.
技术可能是人们愿意退出社会承诺的另一个因素。 首先，能够通过简单的短信取消计划或按邀请上按下“不参加”按钮，而不是面对面或通过尴尬的电话进行，这是一种更无摩擦的方式来表明您有 改变了你的主意。 最重要的是，人们已经习惯了社交媒体和流媒体平台提供的即时满足。 相比之下，这是否使现实生活中的互动看起来平凡而艰巨？ 会是世代相传的吗？ 2017年的一项研究发现，有45％的美国千禧一代从社会安排中退出没有错。 老一辈不太可能摆脱被邀请的活动。
Whatever lies behind it, psychologists have advice for us. Kurt Gray from the University of North Carolina recommends a simple phone call to reinforce human connection. Andrea Bonior from Georgetown University tells us to gently let our friends know that being let down disrupts us and makes us feel less valued. Caution is important though. Life coach Kira Asatryan reminds us that sometime people withdraw, not out of disrespect, but because they themselves feel anxious, stressed or sad.
无论其背后是什么，心理学家都会为我们提供建议。 北卡罗来纳大学的库尔特·格雷（Kurt Gray）推荐一个简单的电话来加强人际关系。 乔治敦大学（Georgetown University）的安德里亚·邦尼尔（Andrea Bonior）告诉我们，让我们的朋友知道，让我们失望的是打扰我们，并使我们感到不受重视。 谨慎很重要。 生活教练基拉·阿萨特里安（Kira Asatryan）提醒我们，有时人们会撤出，而不是出于不尊重，而是因为他们自己感到焦虑，压力或悲伤。
词汇表
flake on someone 放弃遵守与某人的约定
last minute 最后一刻
ghost 突然消失，不再联系（某人）
keep to 遵守，坚持
engagement 约定，约会
personality trait 人格特质
conscientious 认真自觉的
agreeable 随和的
overbook 做出过多的约定
time management 时间管理
confrontation 争执，冲突
back out 食言，变卦
social commitment 社交活动
frictionless 没有摩擦的，顺畅的
instant gratification 即时满足
mundane 平平无奇的，稀松平常的
arduous 艰难的，费力的
generational 代际的，代与代之间的
withdraw 放弃，退出
human connection 人与人之间的联系
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However, the shorter the cooking time, the more nutrients are kept in the food. That advice comes from Amber Pankonin, a dietitian in the U.S. state of Nebraska.
但是，烹饪时间越短，食物中保留的营养越多。该建议来自美国内布拉斯加州的营养师Amber Pankonin。
Cooking over boiling water, or steaming, and in a microwave are considered the most nutritious methods. These two methods use little time and require no fat.
用沸水或蒸以微波炉烹饪被认为是最营养的方法。这两种方法几乎没有时间，不需要脂肪。
Another healthy method is blanching. This is when you boil vegetables in water for a minute or two. But not too long. Boiling vegetables runs the risk of losing water-soluble nutrients including vitamin C, B1 and folate.
另一个健康的方法是烫发。这是当您在水中煮蔬菜一两分钟的时候。但是不久。沸腾的蔬菜有失去水溶性营养素（包括维生素C，B1和叶酸）的风险。
Thomas explained the reason boiling is not good for vegetables: The nutrients are "... leaching into the water, and you’re tossing out the water.”
托马斯（Thomas）解释了沸腾的原因对蔬菜不利：养分是“ ...浸入水中，您正在扔水。”
However, you could save the water from boiled vegetables and use it for other purposes, such as soups, or just drink it.
但是，您可以从煮沸的蔬菜中节省水，并将其用于其他目的，例如汤，或者只是喝。
Dietitians say there is no problem using a small amount of fat. Besides making vegetables taste better, a little cooking oil helps the body to absorb fat-soluble vitamins, said Pankonin.
营养师说使用少量脂肪没有问题。Pankonin说，除了使蔬菜味道更好，少量食用油还可以帮助人体吸收脂溶性维生素。
That means more vitamin A from squash, carrots, and sweet potatoes; more vitamin D from mushrooms; more vitamin E from bell peppers, leafy greens and asparagus; and more vitamin K from greens, broccoli and onions.
这意味着从南瓜，胡萝卜和地瓜中获得更多的维生素A；来自蘑菇的维生素D更多；贝尔辣椒，绿叶蔬菜和芦笋的维生素E更多；以及更多来自绿色，西兰花和洋葱的维生素K。
For pan frying or sauteing, Pankonin suggests cooking with enough oil so the vegetables do not stick to the pan. The amount of oil will depend on the quantity of vegetables and the size of the pan.
对于锅煎炸或炒菜，Pankonin建议用足够的油烹饪，以免蔬菜粘在锅上。油的量将取决于蔬菜的数量和锅的大小。
For roasting, you will likely need more oil. Despite the longer cooking time, roasting will still keep some nutrients and will increase the flavor with the heating of natural sugars.
对于烘烤，您可能需要更多的油。尽管烹饪时间较长，但烘焙仍会保留一些营养，并随着天然糖的加热而增加风味。
“Flavor is king,” Pankonin said. “I would much rather see people roasting their vegetables and enjoying them.” “
风味是国王，”潘科宁说。“我宁愿看到人们烤蔬菜并享用它们。”
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Carlene Thomas is a dietitian, a person who gives advice about healthy foods to eat.
卡琳·托马斯（Carlene Thomas）是一名营养师，他是一个关于健康食品的建议。
When it comes to eating healthy vegetables, Thomas says there are two kinds of people who ask her for advice.
在吃健康的蔬菜方面，托马斯说，有两种人向她寻求建议。
The first kind wants to know how different cooking methods affect the nutrition in vegetables. The other kind of person wants to know how to eat more vegetables. Thomas’ simple answer to both groups is this: The best vegetables are the ones you actually want to eat.
第一种想知道不同的烹饪方法如何影响蔬菜的营养。另一种人想知道如何吃更多的蔬菜。托马斯对这两组的简单答案是：最好的蔬菜是您实际想吃的蔬菜。
Thomas told the Associated Press that many people buy vegetables that they think they will eat. Maybe the produce is popular or someone is bringing attention to it on social media. But then they end up not using it. That means the vegetable gets thrown away after it goes bad.
托马斯告诉美联社，许多人购买了他们认为会吃的蔬菜。也许该产品很受欢迎，或者有人在社交媒体上引起人们的关注。但是随后他们最终不使用它。这意味着蔬菜变坏后被扔掉。
In that case, Thomas said, “It doesn’t matter how you cook them, because if they’re going in the trash, they’re not in your body.”
在这种情况下，托马斯说：“烹饪它们都没关系，因为如果它们要陷入垃圾，它们就不在您的体内。”
However, Thomas said research shows cooking methods do affect nutrition. But it is not as simple as comparing raw, or uncooked, vegetables to cooked ones. Cooking methods can include steaming, roasting, boiling, or sauteing.
但是，托马斯说，研究表明烹饪方法确实会影响营养。但这并不像将原始或未煮过的蔬菜与煮熟的蔬菜进行比较那么简单。烹饪方法可以包括蒸，烘烤，煮沸或炒。
So, are raw vegetables healthier than cooked? Not always.
那么，生蔬菜比煮熟的健康吗？并非总是如此。
When vegetables are cooked with high heat for a long period of time many nutrients break down. However, cooking softens the cell walls in vegetables, making them easier for the body to digest.
当蔬菜长时间以高热量煮熟时，许多营养物质破裂了。但是，烹饪会使蔬菜中的细胞壁变软，从而使人体更容易消化。
Cooking changes the structure of vegetables which increases what dietitians call bioavailability. This is the body’s ability to use the nutrients in vegetables, Thomas said.
烹饪改变了蔬菜的结构，从而增加了营养师所谓的生物利用度。托马斯说，这是人体在蔬菜中使用养分的能力。
Cooked food is often more nutritious than raw food. For example, cooked tomatoes release more of the antioxidant lycopene than raw tomatoes, she said. Lycopene is believed to have qualities that prevent cancer.
煮食物通常比生食更营养。她说，例如，煮熟的西红柿比生番茄释放更多的抗氧化剂番茄红素。番茄红素被认为具有预防癌症的品质。
Also, cooked carrots have more beta-carotene that can be absorbed by the body. Roasting pumpkins, carrots and sweet potatoes increases available carotenoids. These antioxidants are thought to prevent inflammation in the body.
另外，煮熟的胡萝卜具有更多的β-胡萝卜素，可以被人体吸收。烤南瓜，胡萝卜和地瓜增加了可用的类胡萝卜素。这些抗氧化剂被认为可以防止体内炎症。
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A new museum of laughter in Croatia is offering to help people deal with the negativity of modern life.
克罗地亚的新笑博物馆正在提供帮助人们应对现代生活的消极情绪。
Visitors to the HaHaHouse in the Croatian capital Zagreb walk into a little cloud of white smoke when they step inside. Its purpose is to blow away their worries before they climb into a "giant washing machine".
克罗地亚首都萨格勒布（Zagreb）的访客踏上了一小撮白烟。它的目的是在爬进“巨型洗衣机”之前吹散他们的担忧。
Then they move down a twisting slide into a space filled with little white balls where their trip to a happier place starts.
然后，他们向下移动一张扭曲的滑梯，进入一个充满白色小球的空间，他们到一个更快乐的地方的旅行开始。
Forty-three-year-old Andrea Golubic is the museum’s creator. Golubic said she got the idea during the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time, many people were feeling down, depressed and alone: "I realized that I had a mission -- to heal people with laughter."
四十三岁的安德里亚·古鲁比奇（Andrea Golubic）是博物馆的创作者。古鲁比奇说，她在Covid-19-19大流行期间得到了这个想法。当时，许多人感到沮丧，沮丧和孤独：“我意识到自己有一个使命 - 用笑声治愈人们。”
The idea "came straight from the heart", Golubic told the French News Agency (AFP). She had ideas for many of the museum elements in one day: “that's how the HaHaHouse began."
古鲁比奇告诉法国新闻社（法新社），这个想法“直接来自心脏”。她有一天对许多博物馆元素都有想法：“这就是哈哈斯的开始。”
Golubic said a picture of her when she was seven-year-old inspired her. “I was constantly joking as a kid," she added.
戈卢比奇（Golubic）七岁的时候说她的照片启发了她。她补充说：“我小时候一直在开玩笑。”
Visitors press a button to be "disinfected from negativity" as soon as they step inside the museum, which has eight interactive zones, or areas.
访问者在拥有八个互动区或区域的博物馆内走进博物馆后立即按下一个按钮要“消除否定性”。
One has rubber chickens singing cheerfully. They sing songs like ABBA's "Dancing Queen." There is a karaoke room with distorted voices and a "Sumo Arena" for wrestling in puffed up clothes.
一个让橡胶鸡很高兴地唱歌。他们唱着阿巴（Abba）的《跳舞女王》（Dancing Queen）等歌曲。有一个带有扭曲声音的卡拉OK室和一个“相扑竞技场”，可以穿着蓬松的衣服摔跤。
There is also some serious history of humor from ancient to modern times told through theatre, film or the internet.
从古代到现代的幽默也有一些严肃的历史，通过戏剧，电影或互联网讲述。
The museum also explains different kinds of humor. These include word play, slapstick, dark humor and satire.
博物馆还解释了各种幽默。其中包括单词播放，闹剧，黑暗的幽默和讽刺。
Golubic said the HaHaHouse is popular with everyone from small children to older people. Adults say it is a good excuse to act like a child.
古鲁比奇说，哈哈胡斯很受欢迎，从小孩子到老年人。成人说，像孩子一样表现是一个很好的借口。
"All those who still feel a bit of childish joy and embrace their inner child, will recharge themselves," she said.
她说：“所有仍然感到有点幼稚的快乐并拥抱自己的内心孩子的人都会为自己充实。”
Retiree Bruno Dadic told AFP he was pleased by his visit "as there is never enough humor in life.
退休人员布鲁诺·达迪克（Bruno Dadic）告诉法新社，他对自己的访问感到高兴“因为生活中永远没有足够的幽默。
"Laughter is a medicine for the soul," he said.
他说：“笑是灵魂的药物。”
Aleksandar Suka celebrated his fifth birthday with a visit. Visiting with his mother, the little boy said he liked lying on the "Bed of Nails" since they tickled him.
Aleksandar Suka通过访问庆祝了他的五岁生日。小男孩和母亲一起拜访，说他喜欢躺在“指甲床”上，因为他们挠了他。
Singer Zorica Bucic, from the coastal town of Split, said the museum was just right for our times.
来自沿海地区Split的歌手Zorica Bucic说，博物馆恰好适合我们时代。
"Entering here is like entering childhood, being relieved of all problems,” she said. Bucic added that if you could come to museum often, you would not need to visit a psychologist.
她说：“进入这里就像进入童年，摆脱所有问题。” Bucic补充说，如果您经常来博物馆，就不必拜访心理学家。
Psychologist Petar Kraljevic told AFP that laughter is a kind of weapon which gives people strength to face their problems. He said that if doctors could advise their patients to have "three hours of laughter” a day, people would feel much better.
心理学家Petar Kraljevic告诉法新社，笑声是一种使人们面对问题的武器。他说，如果医生可以建议患者每天有“三个小时的笑声”，人们会感觉好多了。
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The most legendary Celtic woman was Boudica, the warrior queen who led a revolt against the Romans almost 2,000 years ago. But new analysis suggests she might have been the norm, not the exception.
最赫赫有名的凯尔特女性是布狄卡，这位女武士王后曾在近 2000 年前带头反抗罗马人的统治。但最新的分析结果显示，她所代表的女性统治者在当时可能是一种常态而非特例。
Archaeologists excavated 57 skeletons of people from the Durotriges tribe in Dorset. DNA sequencing of the genes passed from mother to daughter, compared to from father to son, revealed that most of the women were blood relatives. By contrast, the men were from lots of different communities, effectively outsiders. Dr Lara Cassidy, from Trinity College, Dublin, says this shows the society was matrilocal, meaning men moved to join their wives and families.
考古学家在多赛特郡挖掘出了属于杜罗特里吉部落成员的 57 具骨架。由母亲遗传给给女儿的基因的 DNA 测序结果与父亲遗传给儿子的相比，显示出大多数女性之间都具有血缘关系。而与普遍具有血缘关系的女性不同，男性则来自许多不同的家族，实际上都是血缘关系中的外来人。都柏林大学圣三一学院的劳拉·卡西迪博士说，这个研究结果显示出当时的社会有入赘的习俗，即男性会迁移以陪伴其妻子和家庭。
Inheriting land and wealth did not mean the daughters were political rulers, but they would have had significant influence. The scientists discovered the same DNA pattern in other Iron Age cemeteries. Perhaps Boudica was just one in a land of powerful women calling the shots at a time of great upheaval.
虽然继承土地和财富并不意味着女性后代会成为政治上的统治者，但她们可能有着显著的影响力。科学家们在其它铁器时代的墓葬中发现了相同的女性血缘更普遍的 DNA 遗传模式。也许在那段动荡的历史中，布狄卡只是在这片土地上做主的有权势的女性中的一员。
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Are you the kind of person who needs a pristine, orderly environment for you to feel relaxed? Or perhaps being surrounded by your clutter isn't a big deal – it might even bring you comfort. 'Professional organisers', who help people declutter their space, have grown in popularity in recent years, particularly on the internet. But does shedding your possessions always make you happier? Or, does clutter matter?
您是那种需要原始，有序的环境以使您感到放松的人吗？也许被您的混乱包围并不是什么大问题 - 甚至可能为您带来安慰。帮助人们整理空间的“专业组织者”近年来越来越受欢迎，尤其是在互联网上。但是，放弃您的财产总是会让您更快乐？还是杂物很重要？
Living in a messy space can have various negative effects on our lives. For example, a study called 'No Place Like Home' by Repetti and Saxbe, found that mothers with messy homes had higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol and an increased depressed mood throughout the day. Messy homes can also make it harder to fall asleep, according to the 2021 study 'The association between sleep and late life hoarding', and no one wants that!
生活在一个混乱的空间中会对我们的生活产生各种负面影响。例如，一项名为Repetti和Saxbe的名为“ No Toble Home”的研究发现，拥有凌乱的房屋的母亲的压力激素皮质醇水平更高，并且全天的情绪降低。根据2021年的研究“睡眠与晚期ho积之间的关联”，杂乱无章的房屋也很难入睡，没有人想要！
So perhaps Marie Kondo, author of 'The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying', was on to something when she said, "tidying can transform your life". To achieve Kondo's style of minimalism, she recommends gathering all your things together, choosing which items 'spark joy' and then discarding the rest. Some may find it invigorating to begin again on a clean slate, while others, particularly extreme hoarders, can find the process anxiety-inducing, because of an attachment to their belongings.
因此，也许玛丽·昆多（Marie Kondo）是《整洁生活的魔法》的作者，他说：“整理可以改变您的生活”。为了实现Kondo的极简主义风格，她建议将所有的东西聚集在一起，选择哪些项目“ Spark Joy”，然后丢弃其余的东西。有些人可能会发现重新开始以干净的板岩开始令人振奋，而另一些人，尤其是极端ho积者，由于对物品的依恋，可以找到引起焦虑的过程。
Then there are those who simply enjoy collecting. Vintage style expert Kate Beavis has a home filled with handbags, toys, phones and cookware from the 1960s. Others may call this clutter, but she argues that minimalist homes are "boring and bland". Some items may not have a practical use, but instead hold sentimental value, and spark joy in a nostalgic way. And things that "evoke happy memories are valuable, especially to people with memory problems," says Chris Stiff, senior lecturer in psychology at Keele University.
然后有些人只是喜欢收集。复古风格的专家凯特·比维斯（Kate Beavis）拥有一个房屋，里面有1960年代的手袋，玩具，电话和炊具。其他人可能会称这个混乱，但她认为极简主义的房屋“无聊而平淡”。有些项目可能没有实际用途，而是具有感性的价值，并以怀旧的方式引发喜悦。Keele大学心理学高级讲师Chris Stiff说，“唤起人们的回忆唤起幸福的回忆是有价值的，尤其是对记忆问题的人来说都是有价值的。”
Maybe a giant mess isn't all bad. And as Albert Einstein once said, "If a cluttered desk is a sign of a cluttered mind, of what, then, is an empty desk a sign?"
也许巨大的烂摊子并不是全部不好。正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）曾经说过的那样：“如果杂乱无章的桌子是杂乱无章的迹象，那么什么是空的桌子呢？”
词汇表
pristine 整洁的，崭新的
orderly 井然有序的
clutter 杂乱的东西
declutter 清理，整理
shed 丢弃
possession 所有物
messy 脏乱的，不整洁的
cortisol 皮质醇
hoarding 囤积
tidy 整理，使…整洁
on to something 发现某事的真相
minimalism 极简主义
spark joy 激发快乐，引起愉悦
discard 丢弃
invigorating 令人充满活力的
clean slate 一张白纸，比喻崭新的开始
hoarder 喜欢囤积东西的人
collecting 收集，收藏
sentimental value 情感价值
nostalgic 怀旧的 -
Bowel cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the UK, and experts believe poor diet is behind half of all cases.
肠癌是英国第四大最常见的癌症，而专家认为引起一半肠癌病例背后的原因都是不健康的饮食习惯。
Researchers at Oxford University, funded by Cancer Research UK, looked at data from more than half a million UK women over more than 16 years. It found that those with an extra 300 milligrams of calcium in their diets, equivalent to a large glass of milk a day, had a 17% lower risk of bowel cancer.
牛津大学研究人员在英国癌症研究基金会的资助下对 50 多万名英国女性在超过 16 年间的医学数据展开了研究。研究发现，每天在饮食中额外摄入 300 毫克钙的人，即等同于每天多喝一大杯牛奶，患肠癌的风险降低了 17%。
Researchers also said dark, leafy greens, white wholemeal bread and some non-dairy milks, which contain calcium, also had a protective effect.
研究人员还表示，同样含钙的深色绿叶蔬菜、全麦白面包以及部分种类的非乳制牛奶也具有一定的保护效果。
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How often do you go to the park? Is it part of your everyday life, or a trip that you plan? Many large urban parks are situated far from where people live, meaning they are a destination for planned visits rather than everyday life. For example, only 14% of the population of Los Angeles have a park within walking distance. Also, the distribution of such parks is often relatively unequal, meaning that they benefit some areas and groups of people much more than others. A number of studies have shown that it is often disadvantaged neighbourhoods that lack easy access to green spaces. It's rarely practical to address this by creating large new parks, but designating small parcels of land, empty lots, or even parts of quiet streets as pocket parks can have a major impact on residents' quality of life.
您多久去公园一次？这是您日常生活的一部分还是您计划的旅行？许多大型城市公园远离人们居住的地方，这意味着它们是计划访问而不是日常生活的目的地。例如，只有14％的洛杉矶人口在步行距离之内。同样，这种公园的分布通常相对不平等，这意味着它们比其他地区更受益。许多研究表明，缺乏容易进入绿色空间的弱势街区。通过创建大型新公园来解决这一问题是很不可取的，但是指定一小片土地，空地，甚至安静的街道作为袖珍公园可能会对居民的生活质量产生重大影响。
Often no larger than a few tennis courts and located within neighbourhoods close to where people live, these green spaces can strengthen community bonds. They provide a place to meet neighbours, or a play area for children. Green gyms or ball game areas can give local people a space to exercise in, improving public health outcomes. Local businesses can use spaces to promote their products or organise events to help them grow. A study by the University of Philadelphia, showed that crime was reduced in neighbourhoods with pocket parks, compared to those which left empty spaces derelict. Studies report that where space is used to make pocket parks, communities feel greater ownership of and attachment towards their neighbourhood.
这些绿色空间通常不超过几个网球场，位于人们居住的社区内，可以加强社区纽带。他们提供了一个见面邻居或儿童游乐区的地方。绿色的健身房或球游戏区域可以为当地人提供锻炼的空间，从而改善公共卫生结果。当地企业可以使用空间来推广其产品或组织活动以帮助他们成长。费城大学的一项研究表明，与遗弃空间的空间相比，在袖珍公园的社区中犯罪减少了。研究报告说，在使用空间来制造袖珍公园的地方，社区对他们附近的拥有更大的所有权和依恋。
As well as benefits for the human population, an increase in green space can benefit the local environment. Pocket parks can act as stepping stones, allowing wildlife to travel across the city, as well as providing habitats for different species. Parks provide increased tree canopy cover, offering shade which can counteract urban heat island effects, helping to reduce temperatures. Trees also help to reduce air pollution, and green space allows water to drain away, reducing flood risks. Could pocket parks be a relatively cheap way to strengthen communities and improve local environments?
除了对人口的利益外，绿色空间的增加还可以使当地环境受益。袖珍公园可以充当垫脚石，使野生动植物可以穿越整个城市，并为不同物种提供栖息地。公园提供了增加的树冠覆盖物，提供阴影，可以抵消城市热岛的影响，有助于降低温度。树木还有助于减少空气污染，绿色空间使水可以排出，从而减少洪水风险。袖珍公园是否可以是增强社区和改善当地环境的相对便宜的方式？
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Arjun Gopalaswamy is an ecologist who knows how to measure wildlife populations. He said that estimates from India’s official tiger observation program have been undependable. He said some of the numbers in the study are much higher than past estimates of tiger populations from the same datasets. But he added that the study's findings seem to have corrected a data problem noted repeatedly by scientists since 2011 related to tiger population size and their range.
Arjun Gopalaswamy是一位生态学家，知道如何测量野生动植物种群。他说，印度官方老虎观察计划的估计是不可依赖的。他说，研究中的一些数字远高于同一数据集对老虎种群的过去估计。但是他补充说，这项研究的发现似乎已经纠正了科学家自2011年以来反复指出的数据问题，与老虎人口规模及其范围有关。
The study said tigers disappeared in some areas. These included habitats that were not near national parks or other protected areas, and areas of increased development, increased human use of forest resources and areas with armed conflict.
研究说，老虎在某些地区消失了。这些包括不在国家公园或其他保护区附近的栖息地，以及增加人类对森林资源和武装冲突地区的使用增加。
“Without community support and participation and community benefits, conservation is not possible in our country,” said Jhala.
贾拉说：“没有社区的支持和参与和社区福利，我们国家就无法进行保护。”
That means local people need to see good results from their efforts to save tigers.
这意味着当地人需要从挽救老虎的努力中看到良好的结果。
Tigers are spread across about 138,200 square kilometers of India. But just 25 percent of the area is rich in tiger prey and is protected. Another 45 percent of tiger habitat is shared with about 60 million people, the study said.
老虎分布在印度约138,200平方公里。但是，只有25％的面积富含老虎猎物并受到保护。这项研究说，另外45％的老虎栖息地与约6000万人共享。
Jhala said strong wildlife protection legislation is the “backbone” of tiger conservation in India. “Habitat is not a constraint, it's the quality of the habitat which is a constraint,” he said.
贾拉说，强大的野生动植物保护立法是印度老虎保护的“骨干”。他说：“栖息地不是约束，而是栖息地的质量是一种约束。”
Wildlife biologist Ravi Chellam, who did not take part in the study, praised the tiger conservation efforts as promising. But, he said, such efforts need to be extended to other wild animals to better care for the whole ecosystem in India.
没有参加这项研究的野生动植物生物学家拉维·切兰姆（Ravi Chellam）称赞老虎保护工作是有希望的。但是，他说，需要将这种努力扩展到其他野生动物，以更好地照顾印度的整个生态系统。
Chellam said several kinds of Indian wildlife are “on the edge,” and need more attention.
Chellam说，几种印度野生动植物“处于边缘”，需要更多的关注。
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A recent study says India has doubled its tiger population in 12 years.
最近的一项研究表明，印度在12年内已将其老虎人口翻了一番。
Researchers said the gain came from efforts to protect the big cats from hunters, and to protect against the loss of tiger habitat and prey, among other things.
研究人员说，收益来自保护大猫免受猎人的努力，并防止老虎栖息地和猎物的丧失等。
The National Tiger Conservation Authority said the number of tigers grew from an estimated 1,706 in 2010 to around 3,682 in 2022. Those numbers mean India is home to about 75 percent of the total tiger population.
国家老虎保护局说，老虎的数量从2010年的1,706人增加到2022年的3,682。这些数量意味着印度是大约75％的老虎人口的家园。
The research shows that a reduction in conflict between humans and wildlife also played a part in the population growth. The study credited efforts to improve economic conditions for communities near tiger habitats. The researchers said the growth in the tiger population also led to improvements in local economies through increased ecotourism.
研究表明，人类与野生动植物之间的冲突减少也在人口增长中发挥了作用。该研究归功于改善老虎栖息地附近社区的经济状况。研究人员说，老虎人口的增长也通过增加生态旅游导致了当地经济的改善。
The study appears in the publication Science. It said India's success demonstrates that wildlife protection can help both biodiversity and nearby communities.
该研究出现在出版科学中。它说，印度的成功表明，野生动植物保护可以帮助生物多样性和附近社区。
“The common belief is that human densities preclude an increase in tiger populations," said Yadvendradev Jhala. Jhala is a scientist at Bengaluru-based Indian National Academy of Sciences and was the study’s lead writer. “What the research shows is that it's not the human density, but the attitude of people, which matters more.”
Yadvendradev Jhala说：“普遍的信念是，人类的密度排除了老虎人群的增加。人类密度，但人们的态度更重要。”
Wildlife conservationists and ecologists welcomed the study. But they said making the source data available to a larger group of scientists would aid tigers and other wildlife in India. The study was based on data collected by Indian government-supported organizations.
野生动植物保护主义者和生态学家欢迎这项研究。但是他们说，将源数据提供给较大的科学家，将帮助虎和其他野生动植物在印度。该研究基于印度政府支持的组织收集的数据。
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But the joint operation between British Airways and Air France suffered several business difficulties that led to the decision to stop flying the supersonic planes. Some of the difficulties were linked to publicity about a deadly Concorde crash in 2000. That incident involved an Air France airliner crashing shortly after taking off from Paris. The crash claimed a total of 113 lives.
但是，英国航空公司与法国航空公司之间的联合行动遭受了几个业务困难，导致决定停止飞行超音速飞机。一些困难与2000年致命的协和撞车事故有关。该事件涉及一架法国航空公司从巴黎起飞后不久坠毁。坠机事故总共夺走了113人的生命。
Boom Supersonic says its planned Overture airliner will be designed to transport passengers from the U.S. East Coast across the Atlantic to Europe in about 3-and-a-half hours. The flight with normal passenger jets takes about eight hours.
Boom Supersonic表示，其计划的越野客机将旨在在大约3个半小时内从美国东海岸的乘客运送乘客到欧洲。带有普通乘客喷气机的飞行大约需要八个小时。
Amy Marino Spowart is the president and chief executive officer at the National Aeronautic Association. She told The Associated Press the latest supersonic test flight suggests “the future of aviation is here and now.” Spowart added, “Not only is there hope for faster and better commercial flight, but Boom proves that it can be done sustainably.”
艾米·马里诺·斯波特（Amy Marino Spowart）是国家航空协会的主席兼首席执行官。她告诉美联社，最新的超音速测试飞行表明：“航空的未来在这里和现在。” Spowart补充说：“不仅有希望更快，更好的商业飞行的希望，而且Boom证明了它可以可持续地完成。”
Boom Supersonic has said its planned supersonic airliner will be designed to run on up to 100 percent sustainable aircraft fuel. Such sustainable fuels are made from non-petroleum products, such as food waste or other biomass materials. Both XB-1 and Overture are made mostly from a carbon-based composite material to provide “a strong, lightweight structure,” the company said.
Boom Supersonic表示，其计划的超音速客机将设计为可持续飞机燃料的100％。这种可持续的燃料由非高甲基产品（例如食物浪费或其他生物质材料）制成。该公司表示，XB-1和序曲主要由碳基复合材料制成，以提供“强大，轻质的结构”。
NASA’s supersonic aircraft – built together with Lockheed Martin – is called X-59. It is also an experimental plane that is seeking to test the level of noise produced by supersonic travel. Currently, supersonic flights are banned over land because of the loud noise they produce.
NASA的超音速飞机与洛克希德·马丁（Lockheed Martin）一起建造，称为X-59。这也是一个实验平面，正在寻求测试超音速行进产生的噪声水平。目前，由于它们产生的噪音，超音速航班被禁止在陆地上。
NASA has explained it plans to carry out testing this year of the X-59 aircraft, which has been designed and engineered to operate at lower noise levels than other supersonic aircraft. The tests – to take place at supersonic test centers in California – are designed “to prove the quiet supersonic technology works as designed.”
美国宇航局（NASA）解释说，它计划在今年的X-59飞机上进行测试，该飞机的设计和设计为比其他超音速飞机的噪声水平较低。这些测试是在加利福尼亚的超音速测试中心进行的 - 旨在“证明按设计的安静的超音速技术工作。”
NASA said that after that testing is done, the agency plans to begin community reaction studies, beginning in 2026. These will involve flying the X-59 over several cities and then asking people on the ground to share their thoughts on the level of noise they heard.
美国国家航空航天局说，在进行测试之后，该机构计划从2026年开始开始社区反应研究。这些将涉及将X-59飞越几个城市，然后要求地面上的人们分享他们对他们的噪音水平的想法 听到。
NASA has said the X-59 – which measures 30 meters long and nine meters wide – is expected to fly at 1.4 times the speed of sound. That is about 1,500 kilometers per hour.
NASA表示，X-59长30米，宽9米，预计将以声音速度飞行1.4倍。每小时约为1,500公里。
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An experimental aircraft developed by a private American company broke the sound barrier during a recent flight test.
一家美国私人公司开发的实验飞机在最近的飞行测试中打破了声音障碍。
California-based company Boom Supersonic built the plane, named XB-1. The company said the aircraft reached a speed of Mach 1.05 during a test on January 28. The test flight operated from the Mojave Air & Space Port in Mojave, California.
总部位于加利福尼亚的公司Boom Supersonic建造了该飞机，名为XB-1。该公司表示，这架飞机在1月28日的测试中达到了1.05马赫的速度。测试飞行从加利福尼亚州莫哈韦的莫哈韦空气和太空港口运行。
Any speed greater than Mach 1.0 breaks the sound barrier and is considered supersonic. The American space agency NASA explains that at sea level, the speed of sound is estimated to be about 1,236 kilometers per hour.
大于1.0马赫的任何速度都会打破声音屏障，被认为是超音速。美国航天局NASA解释说，在海平面上，估计声音速度约为每小时1,236公里。
In a statement, Boom Supersonic said the XB-1 demonstrator aircraft climbed to more than 35,000 feet before reaching Mach 1.0. It recorded the speed within 11 minutes of taking off. The company also released a video feed of the supersonic test flight.
Boom Supersonic在一份声明中说，XB-1示威飞机在达到1.0马赫之前攀升至35,000英尺以上。它在起飞的11分钟内记录了速度。该公司还发布了超音速测试飞行的视频供稿。
The company said in a press release, “Historically, supersonic aircraft have been the work of nation states, developed by militaries and governments.” But the latest flight made the XB-1 “the world’s first independently developed supersonic jet” to break the sound barrier, Boom Supersonic said.
该公司在新闻稿中表示：“从历史上看，超音速飞机一直是由军队和政府发展的民族国家的工作。” Boom Supersonic说，但是最新的航班使XB-1“世界上第一个独立开发的超音速喷气机”打破了声音障碍。
The company’s founder and chief executive officer, Blake Scholl, said, “XB-1’s supersonic flight demonstrates that the technology for passenger supersonic flight has arrived.”
该公司的创始人兼首席执行官布雷克·肖尔（Blake Scholl）表示：“ XB-1的超音速航班表明，乘客超音速飞行技术已经到来。”
Boom Supersonic launched in 2014 “with the goal of making high-speed travel mainstream and enabling a new world of human connection.” With that in mind, the company has been working to develop a supersonic passenger airliner called Overture. The aircraft would carry up to 80 passengers.
Boom Supersonic于2014年推出：“目的是建立高速旅行主流并实现人类联系的新世界。” 考虑到这一点，该公司一直在努力开发一架名为Overture的超音速客机。飞机最多可容纳80名乘客。
Boom Supersonic is one of several American companies seeking to develop supersonic flight vehicles. NASA is also working on a supersonic aircraft in partnership with a U.S. contractor.
Boom Supersonic是希望开发超音速飞行车辆的几家美国公司之一。NASA还与美国承包商合作生产了超音速飞机。
The last time supersonic travel was available to passengers was 2003. That is the year the Concorde – the world’s first supersonic passenger jet aircraft – stopped service. Britain and France jointly operated the Concorde.
乘客上次可以进行超音速旅行是2003年。那一年，与世界上第一艘超音速飞机飞机的协和一年停止了服务。英国和法国共同经营协和。
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Japan's space agency says it successfully launched a navigation satellite on its new H3 rocket. The latest launch on February 2 took place as the country aims to develop a more precise positioning system.
日本航天局表示，它成功地在其新的H3火箭上推出了导航卫星。2月2日的最新发布会是该国旨在开发更精确的定位系统的。
The H3 rocket carrying the Michibiki 6 satellite lifted off from the Tanegashima Space Center on a southwestern Japanese island.
载有Michibiki 6卫星的H3火箭从日本西南部的Tanegashima太空中心抬起。
Makoto Arita oversees the H3 project for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency known as JAXA. Arita said everything went smoothly and the satellite successfully separated from the rocket as planned about 29 minutes after liftoff.
Makoto Arita监督日本航空航天勘探局的H3项目，称为Jaxa。阿里塔（Arita）说，一切都顺利进行，卫星在升空后约29分钟后成功地与火箭分离。
Officials said it should reach its target orbit around Earth in the middle of February.
官员说，它应该在2月中旬到达地球周围的目标轨道。
Japan’s current system is called the quasi-zenith satellite system, or QZSS. It started operating in 2018 and has four satellites that serve a regional navigation system. The Michibiki 6 will be the fifth satellite in the network.
日本当前的系统称为准Zenith卫星系统或QZSS。它从2018年开始运行，并拥有四个为区域导航系统服务的卫星。Michibiki 6将是网络中的第五颗卫星。
Michibiki's signals are used to supplement the American satellite system called the Global Positioning System (GPS). It will also improve positioning data for smartphones, car navigation, navigation at sea and drones.
Michibiki的信号用于补充称为全球定位系统（GPS）的美国卫星系统。它还将改善智能手机，汽车导航，海上航行和无人机的定位数据。
Japan plans to launch two more navigation satellites to have a seven-satellite system by March 2026. The Japan Science and Technology Agency hopes that will create a more precise global positioning ability without depending on foreign services, including GPS. By the late 2030s, Japan plans to have an 11-satellite network.
日本计划在2026年3月之前发射另外两条导航卫星，以建立七个卫星系统。日本科学技术局希望，它将创造更精确的全球定位能力，而不会依赖包括外国服务（包括GPS）。到2030年代后期，日本计划拥有一个11卫星网络。
Sunday's launch was the fourth successful flight in a row for the H3 system. The first attempt to launch last year failed and the rocket had to be destroyed with its payload.
周日的发布是H3系统连续第四次成功的航班。去年发射的首次尝试失败了，火箭必须用有效载荷摧毁。
Japan considers the ability to regularly put satellites into orbit as important to its space program and national security. It has been developing two new leading rockets. One is the large H3 from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The other is a much smaller Epsilon system with the aerospace unit of IHI corporation. Japan hopes to meet the needs of companies for space launch services and improve its position in the growing satellite launch market.
日本认为能够定期将卫星放入轨道上对其太空计划和国家安全至关重要。它一直在开发两个新的领先火箭。一个是来自三菱重工业的大型H3。另一个是IHI Corporation的航空航天单元的一个小得多的Epsilon系统。日本希望满足公司对太空发射服务的需求，并提高其在不断增长的卫星发射市场中的地位。
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A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat-related causes by the end of the century.
一项新的研究警告说，到本世纪末，数百万欧洲人可能死于与热有关的原因。
The study was based on computer simulations of predicted climate activity in 854 different European cities. It found that extreme temperatures, mostly heat, could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.
该研究基于对854个不同欧洲城市预测气候活动的计算机模拟。它发现，到2100年，欧洲的极端温度（大部分为热量）可能会杀死多达230万人。
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting carbon pollution levels and dealing with extreme heat.
研究人员说，如果国家能够找到切割碳污染水平并处理极端热量的更好的方法，则可以减少预测的死亡人数。
Currently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will lessen over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise sharply.
目前，寒冷的天气在欧洲造成的人数比炎热的天气多得多。但是研究发现，随着温度的继续升高，随着时间的流逝，寒冷天气的死亡将减少。但是，与热有关的死亡预计将急剧上升。
Scientists at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine led the research. The results appeared recently in a study in the publication Nature Medicine.
伦敦卫生与热带医学学院的科学家领导了这项研究。结果最近出现在出版自然医学的一项研究中。
The researchers urged increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and expand indoor air-cooling systems and cooling centers in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain and Greece are likely to see large increases in heat deaths related to climate change, the study found.
研究人员敦促增加努力减少温室气体，扩大欧洲部分地区的室内空气冷却系统和冷却中心。该研究发现，如果没有这样的努力，意大利，西班牙南部和希腊的地方很可能会看到与气候变化有关的热死亡人数大幅增加。
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer temperature-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to become more moderate.
另一方面，预计斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国的大部分与温度有关的死亡人数较少，这主要是因为预计低温会变得更加温和。
Pierre Masselot studies the environmental effects of human health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He helped lead the research.
皮埃尔·马斯洛特（Pierre Masselot）研究了伦敦卫生和热带医学学院人类健康的环境影响。他帮助领导了这项研究。
Masselot told the Associated Press that drops in cold deaths in northern parts of Europe are happening in areas not as populated as places further south. “The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot," he said. "It's a region that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it.”
马斯洛特（Masselot）告诉美联社，欧洲北部北部地区的寒冷死亡人口不如南部地区那样发生。他说：“地中海是一个所谓的气候热点。这个地区比世界其他地方快得多。马耳他正好在其中。”
The study predicts Malta’s temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 people for every 100,000 individuals by the end of the century. On the other hand, Ireland’s rate is expected to drop slightly to 15 per 100,000 people.
该研究预测，到本世纪末，马耳他与温度有关的死亡人数将增加269人。另一方面，爱尔兰的税率预计将略微下降至每10万人。
European officials reported several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years across the continent. The highest number was in 2003, when about 70,000 deaths were recorded.
欧洲官员报告说，近年来在整个非洲大陆上有数千人炸死了数千人。最多的数字是2003年，当时大约有70,000人死亡。
Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100. And the study warned that Rome and Naples could have up to 150,000 deaths.
在预计，未来温度升高最多的地区是西班牙巴塞罗那。该研究发现，到2100年，该城市的温度相关原因可能有近25万人死亡。
The study predicted that more than 5.8 million extra heat deaths would be linked to climate change. At the same time, the study found cold-related deaths would drop by 3.5 million.
研究预测，超过580万的热死亡将与气候变化有关。同时，该研究发现与冷死亡人数将下降350万。
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The dinosaur tracks were first discovered by a worker at the quarry. Scientists have now unearthed 200 huge footprints criss-crossing the limestone floor. They were made by two different types of dinosaurs. Giant long-necked sauropods left one-metre-wide circular prints, while smaller three-toed marks were created by the carnivorous Megalosaurus.
这些恐龙的足迹最初被一名采石场的工人发现。科学家目前已经在石灰岩地面上挖掘出了 200 个重叠交错的巨大脚印。这些脚印来自于两种不同的恐龙。体型巨大的长颈蜥脚类恐龙留下的是直径一米宽的圆形脚印，而另外一种较小的三趾脚印则来自于肉食性的巨齿龙。
Scientists aren't sure how they were preserved but think the footprints were perhaps covered with sediment during a storm. Some tracks extend for 150 metres but could reach even further under parts of the quarry not yet excavated.
科学家们不能确定这些脚印是如何被保存下来的，但他们认为这些脚印可能是被一场风暴中的沉积物所掩盖。一些行迹延续了 150 米，但还可能会继续延伸到采石厂中尚未被挖掘的部分。
词汇表
tracks 行迹，足迹
unearthed 挖掘出
criss-crossing 重叠交错的
limestone 石灰岩
three-toed 三趾的
carnivorous 食肉的
sediment 沉积物
excavated 被挖掘的
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At school you're surrounded by people your own age. Of course you spend a lot of time with them, and so some of the best friendships are forged at school. But later in life, it's easy to lose touch – you work full-time, maybe start a family, and your old friends might be scattered across the country or even the world. A 2016 study in Finland found that after the age of 25, the number of friends someone has falls very quickly, and this number continues to decrease throughout a person's life. So when you're in your mid-to-late 20s, how can you make new friends?
在学校，您被自己年龄的人包围。当然，您花了很多时间与他们在一起，因此在学校建立了一些最好的友谊。但是在后来的生活中，很容易失去联系 - 您全职工作，也许是一个家庭，您的老朋友可能会散布在全国甚至世界各地。2016年在芬兰进行的一项研究发现，25岁以后，某人的朋友人数很快就会降低，并且这个数字在一个人的一生中继续减少。因此，当您20多岁时，如何结交新朋友？
Radhika Sanghani, a BBC journalist, tasked herself with making new friends by saying 'yes' to any invitations that came her way. If a colleague asked her for lunch, she didn't shy away from it, and she soon made some of the closest friends she'd ever had. "We all message several times a week often leaving rambling voice notes; we host dinners at each other's houses; and we've all cried on each other at least once (the true mark of friendship)" she wrote in a 2018 article.
英国广播公司（BBC）的记者拉迪卡·桑格尼（Radhika Sanghani）要求自己结交新朋友，以“是”对自己的邀请说“是”。如果一位同事要求她吃午餐，她就不会回避吃午餐，她很快就结交了一些她有过的最亲密的朋友。她在2018年的一篇文章中写道：“我们每周几次都有几次消息，经常留下漫不经心的语音笔记；我们在彼此的房屋中举办晚餐；我们都至少哭一次（友谊的真实标记）。”
The website Talk Twenties recommends joining a local class or group, like taking up running or joining a choir. Having something in common gives you something to talk about with your new acquaintances, which will hopefully then translate into meaningful relationships. When you don't have mutual interests with someone, it can be difficult to get past the small talk stage, where conversation can quickly fizzle out, and a class can help avoid this.
网站谈话二十年代建议加入本地班级或小组，例如跑步或加入合唱团。有一些共同点可以使您与新熟人讨论，希望随后转化为有意义的关系。当您与某人没有共同的兴趣时，很难超越小型言论阶段，在那里对话很快就会消失，课程可以帮助避免这种情况。
Nowadays, there are also apps for meeting new people, like Bumble BFF or Meetup. Dr Robert Puff who writes for Psychology Today says solid friendships are essential for two main reasons. One is to help make life more enjoyable, and two is for support in difficult times – to make hardships more tolerable!
如今，还有一些应用程序可以结识新朋友，例如Bumble BFF或Meetup。今天为心理学写作的罗伯特·普夫（Robert Puff）博士说，牢固的友谊至关重要，这是两个主要原因。一种是帮助使生活更加愉快，而两个是在困难时期的支持 - 使艰辛更加容忍！
As we grow up, we can feel like we're not in control of what's happening around us, but we can control our social life, so enrich your life with fulfilling friendships.
随着我们的成长，我们会感觉自己无法控制周围发生的事情，而是可以控制我们的社交生活，因此可以通过充实的友谊来丰富您的生活。
词汇表
forge 缔造，形成
lose touch 失去联系
scattered 分散的
invitation 邀请
shy away 畏缩，回避
closest 最亲近的
voice note 语音消息
host 举办，组织
in common 共同的，同样的
acquaintance 认识的人，熟人
meaningful 重要的，有意义的
mutual 共有的，彼此的
small talk 闲聊，寒暄
fizzle out 以失败告终
BFF (Best Friends Forever) 永远的最好的朋友
solid friendship 牢固的友谊
social life 社交生活
enrich 使…丰富或充实
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