Afleveringen
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"A study of cognitive factor sequences and relations to creativity quality levels" by Yuan Yin & Peter R. N. Childs
This research paper examines the sequence of cognitive factors and their impact on the quality of creative design solutions. The study uses a think-aloud method with 71 participants, who completed a design task while verbalising their thought processes. The researchers analysed the participants' cognitive factor sequences and then correlated these with the creativity quality levels of their designs as assessed by expert judges. The findings suggest that certain sequences of cognitive factors, such as semantic memory, common association, remote association, episodic memory, and remote combination, are more likely to lead to higher creativity quality levels. Furthermore, the study indicates that the repetition of the same cognitive factor, particularly semantic memory, does not necessarily contribute to higher creativity, and that the more cognitive factors involved in a design process, the higher the potential for creative quality.
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"A Dynamic Definition of Creativity" by Chetan Walia
This article from the Creativity Research Journal critically examines the existing definitions of creativity, arguing that most definitions fail to account for the dynamic process of creativity itself, focusing instead solely on its end product – a creative outcome, or "creation". The author proposes a dynamic definition of creativity, emphasizing the act of creating, which involves perceiving disequilibrium in one’s environment, engaging in productive activity, and challenging conventional thought patterns. This new definition acknowledges that creativity can exist even when it does not result in a tangible product, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the dynamic interplay between a person's traits, the environment, and the process of creation.
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Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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The provided text excerpts come from the book, "The Database of Dreams," by historian and anthropologist Rebecca Lemov. The book tells the story of an ambitious project that began in the mid-20th century to compile a universal collection of social science data, including dreams, life histories, and psychological test results. The book explores the development of this project through the efforts of a group of researchers led by Bert Kaplan, who sought to store this data on Microcards, a revolutionary new format for miniature storage. The book details the motivations, challenges, and ultimately the eventual decline of this project, placing it in the context of the broader historical developments of social science, data collection, and technology in the mid-20th century.
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"Challenge in artistic flow experiences: an interdisciplinary intervention" by Janet Banfield
This article, published in the journal Qualitative Research in Psychology, explores the psychological phenomenon of flow through the lens of artistic practice. The author, Janet Banfield, argues that the traditional understanding of flow as an inherently positive experience characterised by a balance between skills and challenge does not accurately reflect the experiences of artists. Instead, Banfield proposes that flow in artistic practice is often associated with periods of frustration, self-doubt, and anxiety, stemming from the unpredictable and dynamic nature of the creative process. The article further examines the crucial role played by materiality and the artist’s relationship with their tools and materials in shaping both the challenge and the potential for flow.
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"The role of graded category structure in imaginative thought" by Thomas B. Ward, Merryl J. Patterson, Cynthia M. Sifonis, Rebecca A. Dodds, and Katherine N. Saunders
This article investigates the concept of "structured imagination," which refers to the tendency for novel ideas to be influenced by pre-existing knowledge. The authors conduct multiple experiments across different categories (animals, tools, fruit) to demonstrate that the most easily retrieved exemplars within a category are the ones most likely to be used as starting points for creative generation, even when participants are encouraged to be creative. This effect, they argue, is driven by the cognitive demands of generating novel ideas, suggesting that individuals may not have sufficient cognitive resources to adequately monitor and reject readily available, but potentially inappropriate, information.
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"SeIns: Semantic Instability in Art"
"Variants of Semantic Instability (SeIns) in the Arts: A Classification Study Based on Experiential Reports"
Claudia Muth and Claus-Christian Carbon (+Bera M. Hesslinger)
These sources examine the phenomenon of Semantic Instability (SeIns) in art, which occurs when artworks defy a determinate interpretation and instead offer a plurality of potential meanings. The first source provides a theoretical framework for SeIns and identifies different types of semantic instability, including multistability, dichotomy, visual indeterminacy, and the experience of hidden images. The second source presents a classification study that confirms these types of SeIns, adding a fifth type called integrative blend, and the final source explores the relationship between SeIns and the experience of insight. It suggests that insight can be rewarding even if it does not completely resolve the ambiguity of an artwork, and that this is a key factor in the appreciation of art.
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The Cambridge Handbook of Creativity is a comprehensive text that explores the nature of creativity from historical, psychological, and neurological perspectives. The book examines the cognitive and affective processes involved in creative thinking, including divergent thinking, emotion regulation, and the interplay of personality traits. It also investigates the influence of the social and physical environment on creativity, including how cultural context shapes creative expression. The handbook further explores the relationship between creativity and mental illness, suggesting that there may be a link between high levels of creativity and a greater risk for certain mental disorders. Finally, the text examines the role of creativity in everyday life and its importance in education and the workplace.
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"Uncomfortable images in art and nature" by Dominic Fernandez and Arnold J Wilkins (2008)
This scientific paper investigates the link between the Fourier amplitude spectrum of an image and the discomfort it causes in viewers. The authors hypothesise that uncomfortable images have a disproportionately higher amplitude at spatial frequencies close to 3 cycles per degree, a range known to induce seizures in individuals with photosensitive epilepsy. Six studies are conducted, comparing the discomfort ratings of various images – including contemporary art, filtered noise, and natural scenes – with their respective Fourier spectra. Across these studies, a strong correlation is observed between discomfort and energy at the specified spatial frequency range. This research proposes that understanding the Fourier spectrum can help predict and avoid negative reactions to images in contexts such as public art and hospitals.
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"Intuition in the context of object perception: Intuitive gestalt judgments rest on the unconscious activation of semantic representations" by Annette Bolte and Thomas Goschke (2008)
This paper investigates intuitive judgements in a perceptual task involving fragmented line drawings. The researchers wanted to determine if these intuitive judgements were based on unconsciously activated semantic representations of the objects depicted. They conducted three experiments using a modified version of the Waterloo Gestalt Closure Task, in which participants had to judge whether or not a fragmented line drawing depicted a meaningful object. They combined this task with a lexical decision task to measure whether presenting the fragments primed the corresponding object names. The authors found that participants were able to discriminate coherent fragments from incoherent or inverted fragments even when they could not consciously identify the object. Additionally, the results showed that coherent fragments primed the correct object names in the lexical decision task, suggesting that intuitive gestalt judgements are indeed based on unconscious semantic activation.
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"The Role of Knowledge in Creative Thinking" by Yoed N. Kenett (2024)
This academic article, authored by Yoed N. Kenett, explores the relationship between knowledge, particularly semantic memory, and creative thinking. The article focuses on the associative theory of creativity, which posits that individuals with a more interconnected and flexible semantic memory structure are better equipped to generate creative ideas. Kenett’s research uses computational tools like network science and natural language processing to map the structure of semantic memory in individuals and quantify their ability to creatively search through their knowledge base. The article reviews Kenett’s past research, which found evidence to support the associative theory, discusses his current work on the dynamics of semantic memory search, and outlines his future plans to examine the evolution of semantic memory and its impact on creative thinking.
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"A Triangular Theory of Creativity" by Robert J. Sternberg (2016)
This article, written by Robert J. Sternberg, presents a triangular theory of creativity that builds upon his earlier theories. The theory asserts that creative individuals engage in three types of defiance: defying the crowd (challenging conventional beliefs), defying oneself (moving beyond one’s own previous ideas), and defying the Zeitgeist (questioning the underlying assumptions of a field). Sternberg then explores seven different manifestations of creativity that result from combining these types of defiance. He concludes by comparing his triangular theory to ten other models of creativity and by suggesting seven ways to empirically test his theory.
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"Personality, Cognitive Skills, and Creativity in Different Life Domains" by Keith James & Cheryl Asmus (2010)
This study investigates the relationship between personality, cognitive skills, and creativity in different life domains. The researchers hypothesize that personality and cognitive skills have different predictive powers for different types of creativity, such as problem-solving, artistic, and social creativity. They also propose that cognitive skills mediate personality effects on creativity and that personality and cognitive skills interact to shape creativity. The study uses a personality inventory, a divergent thinking test, and self-rated creativity measures to assess these relationships in a sample of 41 students. The results suggest that different personality traits and cognitive skills are indeed associated with different types of creativity, and that cognitive skills may partially mediate personality effects on creativity. The study also found evidence for interactions between personality and divergent thinking skills, supporting the idea that these factors work together to influence creativity.
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"Recent Trends in the Psychological Study of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts" by Colin Martindale
This academic paper, published in the journal Empirical Studies of the Arts, is a comprehensive review of the trends in the psychological study of aesthetics, creativity, and the arts over the past 25 years. The author, Colin Martindale, argues that the field has undergone a "renaissance" since its decline during the behaviourism era, moving from psychodynamic and neo-behaviourist foundations to cognitive, neuropsychological, and evolutionary approaches. The article explores key historical influences, critically evaluates influential theories and researchers, and provides a detailed overview of recent developments in various disciplines, including psychology, sociology, anthropology, and literary criticism.
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"Learning to judge creativity: The underlying mechanisms in creativity training for non-expert judges" by Martin Storme, Nils Myszkowski, Pinar Çelik, and Todd Lubart (2014)
This research paper examines whether it is possible to train non-expert judges to evaluate creativity in a manner similar to expert judges. The authors conducted two studies involving a training module that provided participants with a definition of creativity, highlighting the key components of novelty, resolution, and elaboration, and offering feedback on their judgments. The studies found that the training module significantly improved the validity and reliability of creativity judgments by trained participants, particularly by improving their ability to accurately assess novelty and elaboration. However, the authors caution that while the training module was effective, it did not completely transform novices into experts, suggesting further research is needed to explore more efficient training strategies.
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"Why would Parkinson’s disease lead to sudden changes in creativity, motivation, or style with visual art?: A review of case evidence and new neurobiological, contextual, and genetic hypotheses" by Lauring, Ishizu, Kutlikova, Dörflinger, Haugbøl, Leder, Kupers, and Pelowski (2019)
This academic article examines the phenomenon of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients suddenly developing or increasing their artistic output. The authors explore the neurobiological mechanisms, particularly the role of dopamine systems and pharmacotherapy, in driving this unexpected creativity. They propose that damage to specific brain regions, combined with the effects of medication, may lead to changes in reward processing, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility, contributing to a surge in artistic motivation and production. The article also discusses the importance of individual factors, such as personality traits and genetic predispositions, in modulating this phenomenon.
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"Artificial Intelligence, Creativity, and Intentionality: The Need for a Paradigm Shift" by Francisco Tigre Moura (2023)
This academic journal article, authored by Francisco Tigre Moura, discusses the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the domain of creativity. It argues that AI's ability to generate high-quality content, indistinguishable from human-created works, necessitates a shift in our understanding of intentionality and creativity. Moura proposes a new paradigm that acknowledges the potential for AI to be both a tool for human expression and a creator with its own intentionality. He emphasises the need for further research on ethical, legal, and societal implications of this paradigm shift, particularly in regards to intellectual property, authorship, and the potential for AI to democratise access to creative expression.
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"Creativity and Flow: Not a Simple Relationship" by Paula Thomson and S. Victoria Jaque (2023)
This research paper examines the relationship between creativity and flow in a group of professional and pre-professional dancers. The study explored how specific aspects of the creative process, such as clarity, preparation and anxiety, impacted the dancers' experience of flow, both dispositionally and during rehearsals and performances. The findings indicate a complex interplay between these two concepts, highlighting the significance of clarity and preparation in promoting flow states, whilst also demonstrating the negative impact of creative anxiety on achieving flow. The authors advocate for further exploration of the relationship between creativity, flow and anxiety within the dance community, particularly in relation to choreographic rehearsals and group improvisation.
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"Inner Speaking and Uncertainty during Idea Generation" by Alwin De Rooij (2023)
This research paper examines the role of inner speaking, or the internal verbalisations we make to ourselves, in the creative idea generation process. The author argues that certainty about the potential of information for generating original and useful ideas influences the types of inner speech we use, particularly self-reinforcement, self-management, and social assessment, which in turn affect the perceived originality and usefulness of the ideas generated. The study, conducted with a large sample of students, uses an experimental design to explore these relationships.
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"Creativity and Tolerance of Ambiguity: An Empirical Study" by Franck Zenasni, Maud Besançon, and Todd Lubart
This research paper examines the relationship between creativity and tolerance of ambiguity, a personality trait that indicates one’s comfort with uncertain situations. The study involved 34 pairs of French adolescents and their parents, measuring creativity through tasks like divergent thinking, story-writing, and self-evaluation, as well as tolerance of ambiguity using established scales. The findings suggest a positive correlation between tolerance of ambiguity and various facets of creativity, particularly fluency and uniqueness of ideas. However, the study found no significant link between parents’ tolerance of ambiguity and their adolescents' tolerance of ambiguity or creativity, potentially due to the instability of personality during adolescence.
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"The Scientific Study of Expert Levels of Performance: general implications for optimal learning and creativity" by K. Anders Ericsson
"The Expert Performance Approach and Deliberate Practice: Some Potential Implications for Studying Creative Performance in Organizations" in Handbook Of Organizational Creativity by K. Anders Ericsson and Jerad H. Moxley
This pair of academic texts explores the concept of expertise and expert performance, examining how it is developed and measured. Both texts argue against the traditional view of expertise being based on innate talent or simply extended experience, instead advocating for the crucial role of deliberate practice in achieving and maintaining high levels of performance. The first text focuses on deliberate practice as a key factor in the development of individual expertise across diverse fields such as chess, music, and sports, providing specific examples and illustrating how this type of practice leads to gradual but significant improvements over time. The second text expands on this concept, applying it to the realm of professional expertise and organizational creativity. It discusses the limitations of relying solely on subjective assessments, such as supervisor ratings, and instead emphasises the need for objective measures of performance to effectively evaluate expertise. The authors also explore challenges in measuring creativity within organisations, highlighting the difficulty of finding reliable and quantifiable metrics for creative output.
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