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  • Gita Talk 93–Krishna's Final Words

    Gita Talk 93–Krishna's Final Words

    · Gita Talks

    The ninety-third and final in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 18:67, Swamiji concludes his commentary on the Gita. He discusses what Krishna says about who to share these teachings with, and who not to, and talks about the benefits of studying the gita. Sanjaya then wraps up what has gone before in the Gita.

    The Gita Is a Living Revelation

    • The Bhagavad Gita should be read daily—a chapter a day is manageable and transformative.

    • Genuine scripture is ever fresh: it reveals new meanings as our understanding deepens.

    • Swamiji first read the Gita in 1960 and still finds it alive and deeply personal:

    “I felt as if my true Self was speaking to me.”

    Whom Not to Teach

    Krishna warns Arjuna not to share these teachings with:

    • Those without tapasya (no spiritual discipline or purification)

    • Those not devoted or living contrary to dharmic principles

    • Those who do not wish to hear

    • Those who mock or speak evil of God

    This isn’t punishment—just a warning not to waste sacred energy or provoke attack.

    Whom to Teach—and the Reward

    • If you share the Gita’s truths with sincere devotees,

    • You are pleasing God more than any other service

    • You become dear to God—equal to saints and avatars

    • You perform the highest sacrifice of knowledge (Jnana Yajna)

    The Power of Hearing with Faith

    • Even listening to the Gita with faith and openness leads toward liberation.

    • But it must be deep listening—from the heart, not just the ears.

    Krishna’s Final Questions

    Krishna asks:

    • “Did you listen with one-pointed mind?”

    • “Has your ignorance been destroyed?”

    Arjuna replies:

    “My delusion is gone. I remember now. I will live according to your word.”

    Sanjaya’s Closing Words

    Sanjaya (the seer narrating to Dhritarashtra) concludes:

    • Hearing the Gita dialogue brought awe and joy again and again.

    • He praises Krishna as Yogeshwara (Lord of Yoga) and Arjuna as the ideal seeker.

    • Wherever the truth of the Gita is lived and taught, there will be:

    • Splendor (shri)

    • Victory (vijaya)

    • Wealth (bhuti)

    • Righteousness (dharma)

    “This is my firm conviction.”

    Final Reflection

    • The Gita ends not just with teaching, but transformation.

    • The path is remembering, not learning.

    • Now that truth is known—go and live it.

  • Gita Talk 92–Love of God (Both Ways)

    Gita Talk 92–Love of God (Both Ways)

    · Gita Talks

    The ninety-second in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 18:64, Swamiji discusses the love of God for us, and how we should respond with love for him, and what real divine love is. He recounts what it was like to sit in the presence of Anandamayi ma. He also talks about the result of taking refuge in God.

    Krishna’s Final and Most Sacred Teaching

    • Krishna declares this final teaching the most sacred—because Arjuna is deeply loved by God.

    • Love of God is not mere emotion; it is a magnetic force drawing the soul into divine union.

    • When someone chooses God, it is a sign that God has already chosen them.

    Divine Love Is Mutual

    • Love flows both ways: God seeks the soul, and the soul must also seek God.

    • Swamiji quotes Yogananda: “God is running after human beings.”

    • But humans often reply: “I don’t have time for you.”

    • This is man’s inhumanity to God—willful separation.

    Divine Love Is Personal and Complete

    • All beings have all the love of God, but not all are aware or responsive to it.

    • Example from Ma Anandamayi: Every person felt entirely known and loved by her at once.

    • The problem is never in God, only in our lack of receptivity and response.

    How to Respond to Divine Love

    • Krishna urges:

    • Fix your mind on Me

    • Be devoted to Me

    • Sacrifice and bow down to Me

    • Abandon all lesser dharmas (even those that are “good” but distract from God)

    • These are not symbolic—this is the path to union with God.

    True Refuge and Release

    • Krishna invites the soul to take refuge in Him alone.

    • Not “surrender” to gurus or cults, but Sharanam—refuge in the Divine.

    • Doing so, Krishna promises:

    • Release from all karmic demerits

    • Freedom from grief

    • Final union with God

    The Cost—and the Reward

    • True spiritual life asks everything: like Mirabai, we must “sell all” to “buy God.”

    • The world will say the price was too much—or too little—but only the devotee knows:

    “It was everything I had.”

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  • Gita Talk 91–The Battle for Higher Consciousness

    Gita Talk 91–The Battle for Higher Consciousness

    · Gita Talks

    The ninety-first in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 18:59, Swamiji discusses the battle for higher consciousness. He shares stories about Mirabai and Yogananda.

    Context and Setup

    • Krishna has just finished his sweeping teachings in the Gita and now addresses Arjuna’s inner resistance to fighting.

    • The “battle” is symbolic for spiritual aspirants—it represents the struggle for higher consciousness against inner negativity.

    Inner Conflict & Dharma

    • If Arjuna (or anyone) refuses their duty (dharma) due to egotism, they will still be compelled to act according to their innate nature (svabhava).

    • Karma will drive action—if not consciously chosen, it may manifest compulsively, even unwillingly.

    • We are “bound by our karma born of our own nature,” and eventually, divine nature pushes us onward—even if through many lives.

    The Mechanism of Evolution

    • Krishna uses a powerful image: the Lord dwells in the heart and causes all beings to revolve “as if mounted on a machine” (like a spiritual gear system).

    • We cycle through countless lives, from simple organisms to self-aware human beings, on a long evolutionary journey toward self-realization.

    The Call to Liberation

    • True liberation only comes by making the conscious choice to unite with the Supreme.

    • “Fly unto Him alone” means to rush—not hesitate—to seek refuge in the Divine with one’s whole being.

    False Paths & Fake Yoga

    • Mere philosophy, metaphysical tricks, or superficial spiritual gimmicks (e.g., fake pranayama, gimmicky mantras) will not lead to liberation.

    • Only sincere effort, rooted in dharma, devotion (bhakti), and inner purification, brings lasting change.

    Real Renunciation

    • Real letting go is mental and emotional—not just physical.

    • The yogi must abandon attachment, aversion, and egotistical resistance, and conform the life to the higher path.

    Grace and Inner Drive

    • We already have divine grace—but it is our own grace (our own will and discipline) that is usually lacking.

    • Grace meets us when we align ourselves completely with Truth.

    Ultimate Instruction

    • Krishna emphasizes personal responsibility: “Having reflected on this fully, act as you wish.”

    • No coercion—only the deep invitation to self-reflection and free will.

    Mirabai’s Insight

    • The talk closes with Mirabai’s beautiful line:

    “I have sold everything in the marketplace of the world to buy my Beloved.”

    Whether the price seems too high or too low to others—it must be everything you have.

  • Gita Talk 90–How to Realize the Self

    Gita Talk 90–How to Realize the Self

    · Gita Talks

    The ninetieth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 18:53, Swamiji discusses what is necessary to realize the Self, what renunciation is, and what devotion is.

    Main Theme: Realizing the Self through renunciation, devotion, and steadfast inner transformation.

    The Path of Realization – Key Practices

    • Forsake egotism through inner observation and meditation.

    • Renounce pride, anger, and possessiveness, replacing them with detachment.

    • Be free from “mine-ness”: true ownership leads to spiritual bondage.

    • Become peaceful and content inwardly – only then are you fit (kalpate) for union with Brahman.

    • Adapt your life to the higher, not the higher to your life.

    Devotion & Union with Brahman

    • Absorption in Brahman brings serenity—no grief or desire.

    • Seeing the Self in all beings doesn’t mean blind association; discernment is necessary.

    • Supreme devotion leads to true knowledge of the Divine—not just belief.

    • Japa and remembrance unite the mind with the Divine (e.g., Soham).

    • “Instead of going to heaven at last, I’m going all along.” — the way of the yogi.

    • Union with the Divine is our reality; the spiritual path is awakening to it.

    Mental Renunciation and Inner Strength

    • Renounce all actions mentally in God—not just physically.

    • Hold the Supreme as the highest goal—always choose Brahman over worldly distractions.

    • Use Buddhi Yoga (intelligence + discrimination) to guide your life, not sentimentality.

    • Constantly fix your mind on God—this is both the method and the goal.

    Warning Against Egotism

    • If you refuse to listen or act through egotism, Krishna says: “You shall perish.”

    • Don’t rely on shallow religious feeling or superficial piety—it must be rooted in Self-effort and realization.

    Closing Insight

    • Strict self-discipline, steadfast meditation, and inner alignment are non-negotiable.

    • Success is by grace, but grace is awakened through right effort.

    • The Self is already present—yoga makes us ready to live in that truth.

  • Gita Talk 89– Attaining Perfection by Duty

    Gita Talk 89– Attaining Perfection by Duty

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-ninth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 18:45, Swamiji discusses about swakarma (a person’s own duty), and how it is better to do ones own duty, though flawed, than another's duty done well.

    Core Teaching

    • Perfection (siddhi) is attained by fulfilling one’s own dharma (swadharma)—the duty aligned with one’s innate nature (swabhava).

    • True contentment and strength arise from acting in harmony with one’s inner being, not by imitating others.

    • Living your personal dharma—even if imperfectly—is better and safer than trying to live another’s, even if it looks superior.

    Worship Through Dharma

    • Worship is not just ritual, but living your inner truth.

    • Performing your own duties well is the highest form of offering to God, who is the origin and sustainer of all.

    • Spiritual practice that aligns with your true karmic nature purifies the mind and brings you closer to Brahman.

    Important Distinctions

    • Even if your swadharma appears flawed or humble, it is never wrong if done sincerely.

    • All worldly actions are touched by imperfection, just as fire is accompanied by smoke.

    • The Yogi’s path is about perseverance, detachment, and inner strength, not outward success.

    Qualities of the Perfected Yogi

    • Intellect is detached, not influenced by outer praise or blame.

    • Lower self is subdued; desires are weakened or transcended.

    • Actions are no longer karma-producing—he acts in freedom.

    • The perfected Yogi has:

    • Pure intellect (vishuddhi)

    • Control over senses and mind

    • Equanimity toward attraction and aversion

    • A solitary, inward-focused life

    • Light diet and light living

    • Discipline in speech, thought, and behavior

    • Constant devotion to meditation and japa

    Warnings

    • Spiritual life must be balanced—not negligent of family or daily duties.

    • Avoid hypocrisy: pretending to be spiritual while abandoning responsibility is tamasic.

    • Repressing desires without inner transformation is not real renunciation—true detachment is when the desire itself is gone.

    Closing Message

    • Fulfill your own swadharma fully, without envy or imitation.

    • Even imperfect effort in your true calling brings real spiritual advancement.

    • The path to Brahman begins with sincere, self-true action.

  • Gita Talk 88–All About the 4 Castes

    Gita Talk 88–All About the 4 Castes

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-eighth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 18:40, Swamiji discusses what caste is according to the Gita, as opposed to the "caste system" or castism. He talks about the inherent qualities of Brahmins, Kshatrias, Vaishyas and Sudras.

    Core Themes

    • The three gunas (sattwa, rajas, tamas) permeate all beings, even the gods; no one is beyond them while in prakriti (material nature).

    • The goal of the yogi is to cultivate sattwa, which alone leads to liberation.

    • Discussion of the varna system (not the caste system) as an expression of one’s innate swabhava (true inner nature), not social classification.

    Four Varna Types (based on swabhava)

    Each person is born with a dominant inner constitution (varna), which expresses in characteristic actions and duties:

    1. Brahmins (Spiritual Intelligence)

    • Qualities:

    • Tranquility

    • Self-restraint

    • Self-discipline

    • Spiritual practice (esp. meditation)

    • Purity (dietary, mental, moral)

    • Patience and endurance

    • Uprightness

    • Knowledge and realization

    • Faith in God and moral living

    • Duties: Living a life of study, teaching, meditation, and spiritual discipline.

    2. Kshatriyas (Leaders & Protectors)

    • Qualities:

    • Valor and courage

    • Splendor (nobility of character)

    • Steadfastness

    • Skill and effectiveness

    • Willingness to face adversity

    • Generosity

    • Nobility and leadership spirit

    • Duties: Governance, protection, righteous action, and moral responsibility.

    3. Vaishyas (Producers & Traders)

    • Duties:

    • Agriculture

    • Cow-herding (symbolic of nurturing)

    • Commerce and trade (all forms)

    • Characterized by economic and practical contribution to society.

    4. Shudras (Service Workers)

    • Duty: Serving others through skilled labor or assistance; honorable and essential.

    • Not inferior—simply governed by a different inner disposition and life orientation.

    Key Insights

    • Varna is not chosen; it is revealed through behavior and tendencies—it is your inner nature (swabhava).

    • Trying to take on a caste not aligned with your nature leads to disharmony and spiritual frustration.

    • Action (karma) is not what determines caste; rather, your inner nature determines your tendencies and thus your proper karmic path.

    • Even in pre-industrial terms, these categories remain symbolic of psychological and spiritual roles, not job titles or hereditary positions.

    Cautions & Misconceptions

    • This is not the caste system of birth, hierarchy, or social oppression.

    • Many misuse or misinterpret Gita’s teaching on varna to justify spiritual superiority or inferiority.

    • The talk critiques those who:

    • Ignore or misapply the Gita based on a distaste for caste terminology

    • Assume they are Brahmins or Kshatriyas by desire, not by actual swabhava

    Final Reflection

    • Understanding your true swabhava is key to spiritual happiness.

    • Next session will explore how to find happiness through your own nature (living in harmony with your inner calling).

  • Gita Talk 87–Threefold Happiness

    Gita Talk 87–Threefold Happiness

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-seventh in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, beginning with Chapter 18:36, Swamiji discusses three types of happiness according to the gunas: sattwa, rajas, and tamas.

    Context of the Verse: The talk focuses on Bhagavad Gita Chapter 18, Verse 36, discussing the threefold nature of happiness (sukha) as understood through yogic practice.

    Sukha vs. Ananda:

    • Sukha = pleasure or ease experienced in the mind.

    • Ananda = bliss, the deeper, inherent nature of the Self.

    • The Gita takes a practical psychological approach, helping yogis discern real happiness from delusions.

    True Sukha Requires Practice (Abhyasa):

    • True happiness arises from long-term dharmic living and yogic discipline, not surface-level cheerfulness or forced positivity.

    • Practice includes the observance of Yama and Niyama, forming the foundation for deep sadhana.

    Metaphor of Churning the Ocean:

    • Symbolizes spiritual effort through sadhana.

    • Both Halahala (deadly poison) and Amrita (nectar of immortality) arise—representing inner negativity and divine bliss, respectively.

    • Yogic practice forces one to face the inner poison before attaining the nectar.

    Facing Inner Negativity:

    • Many seekers feel worse after beginning meditation because it reveals inner faults, not because something is going wrong.

    • Real yoga surfaces egoic darkness, unlike false systems that induce fake euphoria.

    • Spiritual effort leads to awakening, not immediate pleasure.

    Threefold Happiness Described:

    1. Sattwic Happiness:

    • Like poison at first, but nectar in the end.

    • Requires spiritual effort, facing inner discomfort, and burning away ignorance.

    • Leads to clarity, peace, and liberating self-awareness.

    2. Rajasic Happiness:

    • Like nectar at first, but poison in the end.

    • Comes from sense contact—pleasures that feel good initially but destroy spiritual sensitivity.

    • Chief example: indulgence in sex as delusive bliss.

    3. Tamasic Happiness:

    • Delusive from the start, arising from sleep, indolence, and ignorance.

    • Leads to stagnation, unconsciousness, and decay of spiritual potential.

    • Illustrated through a cautionary tale of a man who avoided truth and died due to self-deception and resistance to spiritual wakefulness.

    Choice and Free Will:

    • The Gita emphasizes that each seeker must choose between the path of nectar and poison.

    • God doesn’t force—yogic evolution is self-driven, though it is empowered by divine origin.

    Spiritual Heat and Inner Fire:

    • Physical symptoms (e.g., heat, sweating) during intense practice are not uncommon.

    • They represent the burning away of impurities—a symbol of real transformation.

    Closing Insight:

    • “Do or die—but you won’t die.” The seeker must face the fear of ego-death to realize eternal life.

    • Bliss (Ananda) comes only when the seeker endures, purifies, and awakens fully.

  • Gita Talk 86–3 Types of Intellect

    Gita Talk 86–3 Types of Intellect

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-sixth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, beginning with Chapter 18:29, Swamiji discusses three types of intellect according to the gunas: sattwa, rajas, and tamas, as well as three types of firmness of intellect.

    Three Types of Intellect (Buddhi)

    Sattwic Intellect:

    • Clearly understands what should and should not be done.

    • Knows the difference between action and renunciation, bondage and liberation, right and wrong.

    • Grounded in reality, inner clarity, and moral discernment.

    • Essential for liberation (moksha) and rooted in yoga sadhana.

    Rajasic Intellect:

    • Confused and passionate.

    • Mistakes adharma for dharma.

    • Often driven by desire, ego, and self-interest.

    • Does the wrong thing sincerely but without understanding.

    Tamasic Intellect:

    • Completely inverted: calls evil good and good evil.

    • Justifies delusion and wrongdoing as righteousness.

    • Lives in darkness, stubbornly refuses to change.

    • Example: those who use fear-based religion, or sabotage others out of pride or negativity.

    Three Types of Steadfastness (Dhriti)

    Sattwic Steadfastness:

    • Controls mind, prana, and senses through yoga.

    • Not mere suppression—true mastery and transmutation.

    • Leads to purification and spiritual freedom.

    Rajasic Steadfastness:

    • Clings to pleasure, duty, and wealth out of attachment and ego.

    • Motivated by desire for results and personal gain.

    Tamasic Steadfastness:

    • Refuses to abandon sleep, fear, depression, and arrogance.

    • Inertia, victim mentality, and self-pity define this state.

    • Often cloaked in false spirituality or rigid delusion.

    Key Insights

    • The Gita provides a diagnostic tool for inner transformation—not to judge others, but to understand ourselves.

    • True intellect is not about cleverness, but clarity, sincerity, and right direction.

    • Real strength comes not from repression but from yogic mastery and inward purity.

  • Gita Talk 85–3 Types of Action

    Gita Talk 85–3 Types of Action

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-fifth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, beginning with Chapter 18:23, Swamiji discusses three types of action according to the gunas: sattwa, rajas, and tamas, as well as the three types of doers of action.

    Swamiji explains Krishna’s teaching on three kinds of action as defined by their motive, attitude, and effect. These types align with the three gunas: sattwa (purity), rajas (restlessness), and tamas (ignorance).

    Sattwic Action – Right and Pure

    • Performed as a duty, without ego, and without craving for the result.

    • Can be ordained by scripture (dharma shastras) or by one’s inner conscience and good sense.

    • Done not because it’s pleasant or convenient, but because it’s right.

    • Free of likes, dislikes, fear, or compulsion.

    • Example: telling a loved one a hard truth for their benefit—not because it’s enjoyable, but because it’s necessary and right.

    This action creates good karma but is not driven by desire for reward.

    Rajasic Action – Driven by Ego and Desire

    • Done with a personal agenda, seeking fulfillment of desires, recognition, or gain.

    • Effortful in a wasteful or obsessive way, beyond good sense.

    • Focused on self-centered outcomes—“what’s in it for me?”

    • May look noble, but its root is ego, not dharma.

    Overexertion, emotional restlessness, and attachment mark rajasic action.

    Tamasic Action – Deluded and Destructive

    • Arises from ignorance, confusion, or delusion.

    • Done without considering outcomes, morality, or one’s actual ability.

    • Example: acting rashly, stubbornly, or in a vengeful spirit, thinking it’s justified.

    • Includes actions done out of resentment, inertia, laziness, or even perverse pettiness (like refusing to help someone out of fear they might benefit).

    This kind of action brings harm and blocks spiritual growth.

    The Three Types of Doers (Actors)

    Swamiji also examines the “doer”—the one who performs action:

    • Sattwic Doer: unattached, calm, steady, unaffected by success or failure.

    • Rajasic Doer: restless, greedy, violent, emotional, and prideful.

    • Tamasic Doer: stubborn, dishonest, lazy, depressed, or so hesitant they can’t act at all.

    Swamiji’s Commentary

    Swamiji reflects on how some people refuse to do the right thing even in small matters, simply to deny benefit to others. He shares anecdotes about extreme selfishness—like refusing to vacate a parking spot to prevent others from using remaining meter time—as examples of tamasic behavior in real life.

    He emphasizes that awareness of motive is crucial. The path of liberation involves moving from tamasic confusion, through rajasic ambition, to sattwic clarity and purpose, and ultimately beyond all three gunas.

  • Gita Talk 84–Sannyasa & Tyaga

    Gita Talk 84–Sannyasa & Tyaga

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-fourth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, beginning with Chapter 18:12, Swamiji discusses what is meant by renunciation, and the difference between Sannyasa and Tyaga.

    Swamiji opens the 84th Gita Talk by clarifying two vital spiritual terms from the Gita’s final chapter: Sannyasa (renunciation) and Tyaga (relinquishment).

    • Sannyasa, often misunderstood as monasticism or physical withdrawal, actually means “casting aside” the egoic grip on the world—not from emotional rejection, but through inner detachment and witness-awareness.

    • Tyaga is the letting go of attachment to the fruits of action—doing one’s duty without clinging to outcome.

    Swamiji emphasizes that true renunciation is not doing nothing or escaping life—it is performing one’s responsibilities without ego or expectation. The essence of spiritual freedom lies in seeing oneself as the witness, not the doer.

    Karma and the Afterlife

    Actions bear fruit—desired, undesired, or mixed—even after death. The realms we experience reflect our inner state and karmic seeds. But the sannyasi, unattached and ego-free, rises beyond such cycles and enters pure consciousness.

    Five Causes Behind Every Action

    Krishna lists five elements at the root of any action:

    1. The body

    2. The sense of being the doer

    3. The senses and their functions

    4. The inner processes of perception

    5. The Divine Witness—the eternal observer and true Self

    Recognizing this fifth element—the Divine—is key to transcending bondage. Life without this realization becomes a cycle of birth, effort, and eventual loss.

    Slaying Ignorance, Not People

    On the battlefield, Krishna reminds Arjuna that killing done without ego or delusion does not bind one in karma. Spiritually, this symbolizes slaying the inner enemies of ignorance and ego—not people, but the forces of illusion.

    Three Types of Knowledge (According to the Gunas)

    Swamiji explains Krishna’s teaching on three types of knowledge:

    • Sattwic: Sees the One Spirit in all beings—liberating and luminous.

    • Rajasic: Sees separateness and division—drives attachment and conflict.

    • Tamasic: Clings to a fragment as if it were the whole—leads to delusion, stagnation, and narrow dogmatism.

    Swamiji critiques the rigid, limited mindset that says “this one belief is all you need”—whether it’s karma, heaven, vegetarianism, or a doctrinal slogan. True wisdom is expansive, inclusive, and always evolving.

    Final Insight

    Spiritual growth is not about latching onto a single idea, but about seeing the vast unity behind the many, acting without ego, and living from the level of the eternal witness Self.

  • Gita Talk 83–Liberation by Renunciation

    Gita Talk 83–Liberation by Renunciation

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-third in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, beginning with Chapter 18:01, Swamiji discusses what is meant by renunciation, and the difference between Sannyasa and Tyaga.

    Main Topics:

    • Arjuna asks Krishna to explain the subtle distinction between sannyasa (renunciation) and tyaga (relinquishment).

    • Sannyasa: Giving up actions motivated by desire.

    • Tyaga: Renouncing attachment to the fruits of action—even obligatory action is performed, but without desire for results.

    • Renunciation does not mean inaction; rather, it’s a conscious withdrawal of ego, attachment, and obsession with outcomes.

    • Some duties—like sacrifice, charity, and austerity—must never be renounced, as they purify the heart when done without attachment.

    • Krishna warns against tamasic renunciation, such as abandoning responsibilities out of delusion or escapism (e.g., abandoning family duties under the guise of spiritual life).

    • True renunciation must be sattwic: wise, intelligent, detached, self-controlled, and dharmic.

    • Even unpleasant tasks are accepted calmly; even enjoyable ones are not clung to.

    • Real renunciation lies in performing one’s duties skillfully and selflessly, without self-seeking or avoidance.

    Key Takeaway:

    Real liberation comes not from dropping out, but from dropping the ego.

  • Gita Talk 82–About Om Tat Sat

    Gita Talk 82–About Om Tat Sat

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-second in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 17:20 to the end of the chapter, Swamiji discusses the threefold kinds of giving, according to the gunas, and the meaning of OM TAT SAT.

    Gita Talk #82: Om Tat Sat — Summary

    Context: Chapter 17 concludes with Krishna’s explanation of how intention, quality, and sacred vibration affect spiritual acts like sacrifice, giving, and self-discipline.

    • True Giving (Dana):

    Should be done with the thought “It is right to give” — without expectation of return or karmic benefit. Must be directed toward worthy recipients in a proper place and time. Giving out of duty, love, or reverence brings real spiritual merit.

    • Improper Giving:

    Given with desire for reward, recognition, or social status = rajasic. Given reluctantly or inappropriately = tamasic. Even charity done without respect, or with disdain, is spiritually harmful.

    • The Sacred Formula: Om Tat Sat:

    Om: The primal sound, cosmic vibration, seed of creation. Tat: “That” — denoting selfless action beyond ego or ownership. Sat: The Real, the Good, the True — also referring to dharmic action and righteous behavior. This threefold mantra signifies purity in intent, method, and purpose.

    • Applications:

    All true spiritual actions — sacrifice, austerity, gift — are to begin with Om, offered in the spirit of Tat, and established in Sat. Shraddha (faith) is vital: not blind belief, but a deep certainty born of understanding and experience. Without faith, such actions are “asat” — unreal, ineffective both here and hereafter.

    • Final Thought:

    Om Tat Sat is both the formula and the inner attitude of the seeker walking the path of liberation.

    Swamiji concludes with anticipation for the final chapter — the grand summary of the Bhagavad Gita.

  • Gita Talk 81–Threefold Austerity

    Gita Talk 81–Threefold Austerity

    · Gita Talks

    The eighty-first in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 17:14, Swamiji discusses tapasya (austerity) of the body, speech and mind according to Krishna, and how to gain tranquility of mind.

    In this talk on Chapter 17 of the Bhagavad Gita, Swamiji explores the threefold nature of tapasya (austerity)—of body, speech, and mind—as expressions of spiritual discipline. He emphasizes the importance of sincerity, steadiness, and scriptural grounding in all forms of practice.

    Key Points

    1. Tapasya of the Body includes:

    • Reverence for the gods, teachers, sages

    • Physical purity and self-restraint

    • Non-injury (ahimsa) and celibacy (brahmacharya)

    2. Tapasya of Speech includes:

    • Speaking truthfully, kindly, and beneficially

    • Avoiding words that cause distress

    • Teaching and speaking about the Self and Dharma

    3. Tapasya of the Mind includes:

    • Tranquility and kindliness

    • Observing inner silence and self-control

    • Mental purity through japa and meditation

    The Threefold Classification

    • Sattwic Tapasya: Done with sincere faith, no desire for personal reward, and steady effort

    • Rajasic Tapasya: Done for prestige, honor, or admiration—unstable and short-lived

    • Tamasic Tapasya: Done with self-torture, delusion, or to harm others—harmful and misguided

    Swamiji recounts real-life examples of misguided austerity (including one involving a harmful cult), warning that even meditation can be misused when approached with delusion, self-loathing, or ego.

    Closing Insight

    True tapasya purifies the heart, aligns us with our divine Self, and must be grounded in kindness, clarity, and higher understanding. Done properly, it brings light. Done wrongly, it brings confusion or harm.

  • Gita Talk 80–Spiritual Practice & the Gunas

    Gita Talk 80–Spiritual Practice & the Gunas

    · Gita Talks

    The eightieth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 17:11, Swamiji discusses what is sacrifice (yagna), and Observing the teachings of the scriptures.

    All spiritual practices—including sacrifice (yajna), charity, food, speech, and behavior—are influenced by the gunas:

    • Sattwa: Harmony, clarity, and spiritual illumination.

    • Rajas: Desire-driven, restless, ostentatious activity.

    • Tamas: Ignorant, destructive, and contrary to dharma.

    Sacrifice (Yajna) in the Gunas

    Sattwic Sacrifice:

    • Done in strict accordance with scripture and dharmic tradition.

    • Performed without selfish desire for results.

    • Done with inner focus and reverence—“This is to be offered.”

    • Leads to purification and realization of the Self.

    Rajasic Sacrifice:

    • Performed for show, personal gain, or social status.

    • Motivated by ego, pride, or desire for spiritual merit.

    Tamasic Sacrifice:

    • Disregards scripture and lacks faith.

    • Done with no offering, no mantras, no devotion.

    • Often exploitative, empty, or even harmful.

    Food and the Gunas

    Sattwic Food:

    • Increases life, health, clarity, cheerfulness.

    • Flavorful, nourishing, clean, and well-prepared.

    • Helps refine mind and body for spiritual insight.

    Rajasic Food:

    • Overly spicy, bitter, salty, or hot.

    • Causes agitation, craving, and imbalance.

    Tamasic Food:

    • Stale, spoiled, leftover, impure, or meat.

    • Brings inertia, dullness, and disease.

    • Includes food offered without love or shared improperly.

    True Austerity (Tapas) of Body and Speech

    Bodily Austerity Includes:

    Reverence for the gods, sages, teachers, and wise beings.

    • Purity, humility, non-violence (ahimsa), and self-control.

    Speech Austerity (Vak Tapas):

    • Pleasant, beneficial, truthful, and non-hurtful speech.

    • Avoids gossip, harshness, or showing off knowledge.

    • Ideally, it uplifts others and reflects dharmic values.

    Key Insights from Swamiji’s Commentary

    • Many people adopt extreme practices not prescribed by scripture—motivated by self-hatred or ego.

    • Authentic sadhana is balanced, joyful, and grounded in scriptural wisdom.

    • “Food is vibration”—what we eat literally affects our mental and spiritual state.

    • Religion must pervade all aspects of life. Any area held back becomes a weakness.

    • Revering higher beings—like devas or enlightened teachers—is not “superstition,” but spiritual realism.

    • We become what we worship: Gods uplift us, ghosts degrade us.

  • Gita Talk 79–How Externals Affect Us Internally

    Gita Talk 79–How Externals Affect Us Internally

    · Gita Talks

    The seventy-ninth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 17:05, Swamiji discusses externals in religion, and how they can affect us, and the food, sacrifice, tapasya and almsgiving liked by people of different gunas

    Spiritual Context

    Everything in creation is vibration—including matter—so external environments and objects influence our inner state.Even seemingly minor aspects (e.g., food, sounds, surroundings) can affect consciousness; nothing is truly insignificant on the path to Self-realization.Swamiji emphasizes discrimination (viveka) in evaluating what helps or hinders spiritual life.

    Misguided Austerity and Harmful Practices

    Some people engage in extreme austerities not sanctioned by the scriptures, often driven by self-hatred, ego, or attention-seeking.These practices can be harmful to the body and mind, and often arise from tamasic delusion rather than sincere spiritual aspiration.True purity lies in the mind and consciousness—not just the physical body.

    Threefold Division of Food (Gunas)

    Sattvic Foods (pure, uplifting):Increase life, vitality, strength, cheerfulness, and clarity.Are flavorful, substantial, and satisfying without causing distress.Examples: wholesome, fresh, balanced foods.Rajasic Foods (agitating):Pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, harsh, stimulating.Cause agitation, restlessness, and sometimes disease.Often pursued by those obsessed with control, discipline, or dietary fads.Tamasic Foods (degrading):Stale, overripe, leftover, putrid, or decomposed foods.Include meat and food offered or taken from others’ plates.Such foods cloud the mind and dull spiritual perception.

    Energy and Food Exchange

    Accepting food or items from others—especially negative individuals—can transfer energetic imprints or vibrations.Swamiji warns against prana theft or negative energy exchange, especially when people are unaware or manipulative.Even garments can carry energy; discretion is necessary in both giving and receiving.

    Integration of Dharma in Daily Life

    True yoga and spiritual life must pervade all aspects of one’s life.There is no such thing as a “private” part of life exempt from dharma—partial sincerity leads to hypocrisy and failure.If someone is unwilling to apply dharmic principles universally, they should not claim to be on the spiritual path.

    Closing Note

    With characteristic humor and self-deprecation, Swamiji closes by affirming that despite imperfections, sincerity and persistence matter most.“I’m all I’ve got”—a reminder that transformation begins with who we are now, not some idealized self.
  • Gita Talk 78–The Triple Gate of Hell

    Gita Talk 78–The Triple Gate of Hell

    · Gita Talks

    The seventy-eighth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 16:20, Swamiji discusses the three qualities which cast us down: Kama, Krodha, and Lobha: Lust (intense desire in general), anger, and greed. He also talks of using the scriptures as guides for our upliftment. He then begins the 17th chapter, The Division of Threefold Faith.

    Main Theme: A continuation of the 16th chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, focusing on the threefold gateway to hell—desire, anger, and greed—and how these traits lead to spiritual ruin.

    Key Points from the Talk:

    Spiritual Decline Is Progressive:

    Krishna teaches that those who ignore God and Dharma do not merely stay stagnant; they fall into progressively lower states of consciousness and rebirth. You are either going upward or downward—neutrality is an illusion.

    The Triple Gate to Hell:

    Desire (Kama): Addictive craving that dominates one’s thoughts and actions. Anger (Krodha): Reactive rage that lashes out at the world and oneself. Greed (Lobha): Insatiable hunger for more, rooted in inner misery. These are destructive of the self—not the Atman itself, but our capacity to realize and live from the Self.

    What to Do:

    Abandon these three gates. Either remove yourself from toxic environments or eliminate these tendencies from within. Liberation from these leads to what is truly best for the soul.

    Ignoring Scripture Leads to Ruin:

    Those who cast aside scriptural teachings and follow their own impulses achieve neither happiness nor perfection nor the Supreme Goal. Scripture (Shastra) is the true measure of right and wrong—not personal preference or vague spirituality.

    Importance of Dharma Texts: Swamiji recommends study of:

    The Bhagavad Gita The Upanishads Yoga Sutras (with commentary) Works of Adi Shankaracharya The book Sanatana Dharma: The Eternal Religion

    On Faith (beginning of Chapter 17):

    Faith is not merely belief; it is shaped by one’s Prakriti—the vibrations of one’s mind-body complex. Three types of faith correspond to the three gunas: Sattwic faith leads to reverence for the gods and the divine. Rajasic faith is drawn to powerful spirits or forces. Tamasic faith becomes obsessed with the dead, ghosts, and ancestor worship devoid of higher purpose.

    Warning Against Spiritualism:

    Spiritualism (obsession with spirits of the dead) is described as utterly tamasic and spiritually dangerous. Swamiji cites Sri Ramakrishna: “Think of God, and you will become God. Think of ghosts, and you will become a ghost.”

    Food and Environment Matter:

    Everything we absorb—food, books, media, and company—affects our spiritual energy and destiny.

    Closing Insight:

    “Those who do not study the scriptures and instead follow personal impulse will find no perfection, no happiness, and no liberation.”

    Swamiji ends the talk by previewing the next chapter—The Division of Threefold Faith—which explores how faith manifests according to one’s inner nature.

  • Gita Talk 77–Qualities of Evil

    Gita Talk 77–Qualities of Evil

    · Gita Talks

    The seventy-seventh in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 16:18, Swamiji discusses the qualities of an evil mind, and the need to separate ourselves from such people. He also shares the story of Yogananda's saintly devotee, Luther Mckinnie.

    Theme: The nature and progression of demonic traits (asuric qualities) in human beings, as described in Chapter 16 of the Bhagavad Gita.

    Core Traits of the Asuric (Demonic) Mind:

    Clinging to egotism, power, arrogance, desire, and anger: These are not just tendencies—they are proudly embraced by such individuals. Malignant mindset: Such people are spiritually toxic and hostile toward all things divine, both in themselves and in others. Hatred of God: Not always explicit, but demonstrated by hatred of dharma, sacredness, or anyone who embodies divine values. Self-hatred lived out: Many demonic behaviors stem from loathing oneself and one’s divine potential—leading to self-destruction.

    Manifestations in Behavior:

    Justifying evil behavior: Through ego-claims like “I’m just this way” or “That’s my culture,” they defend destructive traits. Exploiting others: Especially seen in business or manipulation—ruining lives for personal gain. Religious hypocrisy: They may practice religion outwardly, but use it for egoistic reasons—to be praised, to control, or to justify wealth. Living in delusion: Addicted to imagined glories and desires, lost in castles of fantasy, often arrogant and greedy in both dreams and actions.

    Spiritual Consequences:

    Rebirth in demonic conditions: These souls are repeatedly reborn among similarly degraded beings, entrenching their condition. Spiritual decline: They move progressively lower in awareness, and may eventually take birth as animals. Extreme cases: Swami shares Yogananda’s story of a human soul born as a cat due to past-life karma—underscoring the real potential for regression.

    Real-Life Examples:

    A boy smoking from gutters: A young child rescued through kindness but hated by his corrupt family—a poignant example of early innocence amidst depravity. Wealthy but spiritually empty lives: Stories of multimillionaires clinging to sweaters or dying of alcoholism—bound by materialism and devoid of spiritual richness.

    Uplifting Moments:

    The story of Luther McKinney: A deeply spiritual man of humble background whose purity of heart uplifted others—including sobering an alcoholic woman simply through his peaceful presence.

    Final Reflections:

    We must avoid even minor compromises with darkness—spiritual regression is possible for anyone. Compassion is needed for the truly lost, but discernment and boundaries are essential. Even the demonic have divine roots, but their current manifestation is hostile to the light. Swami concludes with a call to vigilance: “Let’s stay on the upward way.”
  • Gita Talk 76–Traits of the Demonic Mind

    Gita Talk 76–Traits of the Demonic Mind

    · Gita Talks

    The seventy-sixth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 16:12, Swamiji discusses the negative qualities such as greed, violence, vanity, desires, which lead to delusion.

    Topic: A detailed examination of the psychological and behavioral traits of the demonic (asuric) individual, contrasted with divine qualities.

    Key Points:

    Obsessed with gain and accumulation

    They say: “This has been acquired by me; this I shall also obtain.” Their entire identity is rooted in what they own and hope to acquire next.

    Exploitive and ruthless toward others

    Seek to dominate, manipulate, or destroy others to achieve personal aims. Even in nonviolent societies, they “slay” through economic or social means.

    Arrogant self-conception

    “I am the Lord, I am successful, I am happy, I am powerful.” Equate worth with wealth and position; feel superior to others.

    Misuse of religion and spirituality

    Claim to sacrifice and give, but only for recognition or return. Spiritual activity is hollow—done without prescribed forms or sincere intent.

    Deluded by fantasies and ego dreams

    Live in imagined futures of wealth, prestige, or conquest. Caught in nets of delusion and driven by boundless craving.

    Addiction to desire and control

    True satisfaction never arrives; addiction itself is what they love. Their enjoyment comes not from the object, but from possessing it.

    Trapped by wealth and social status

    Swamiji shares vivid anecdotes (e.g., the wealthy woman unable to give away a sweater) to show how wealth can enslave. Wealth is treated as life itself, not a tool.

    Stubborn, self-justifying, and resistant to guidance

    Will not admit fault or accept advice. Even when shown the way, cling to ignorance as “self-respect.”

    Perform sacrifice only for show

    Acts of giving are investments, not offerings. Karma becomes negative when charity is performed without inner alignment.

    Fall is always possible

    Even a sincere seeker can fall if vigilance is lost. Swamiji recalls the story of Da Vinci’s model for Jesus who later became the model for Judas.

    Spiritual Warning:

    “Don’t say ‘I could never fall.’” The path to spiritual downfall begins with small compromises. Swami urges listeners to avoid even the shadow of asuric tendencies.

    Closing Reflection:

    Like a bus driver on an icy bridge full of children, we must walk this life with extreme awareness. The world is dangerous; the spiritual path requires firm, humble vigilance. Live in the light—not in platitudes, but in awakened discernment.
  • Gita Talk 75–Qualities of Demonic Men

    Gita Talk 75–Qualities of Demonic Men

    · Gita Talks

    The seventy-fifth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 16:07, Swamiji discusses what devas and asuras are, and what demonic men and women are like.

    Swami Nirmalananda dives deep into the Gita’s sobering portrait of the asuric (demonic) nature—not as fantasy, but as a real psychological and spiritual condition that can overtake any person who turns away from truth, dharma, and higher consciousness. This talk explores the mindset, worldview, and behaviors of those caught in darkness: how they think, how they distort truth, and how their inner world becomes toxic. Importantly, Swami Nirmalananda warns that none of us are immune to this descent, and emphasizes the vigilance, self-honesty, and spiritual integrity needed to avoid it. Through vivid metaphors and personal anecdotes, he reminds us that even those who once shined with divine light can fall into ruin if they abandon the path.

    Asuric nature is not essential but acquired: Everyone is ultimately divine, but some become willfully blind to the light and actively resist truth. The asuric person is morally confused: They no longer know right from wrong—or deliberately reject it. Some even lose the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. They deny moral and cosmic order: Their worldview is that life is without purpose, God, or truth—chaotic and random. This is not philosophy, Swami says, but spiritual illness. Behavior reflects this darkness: Such people are often aggressive, cruel, envious, hypocritical, and hostile to those who walk in light. Their conduct is destructive inwardly and outwardly. Desire and anger become their fuel: They are bound by endless desires and rage, finding their identity in stimulation, indulgence, and control. They corrupt the environment around them: Like skunks spreading stench, they degrade collective consciousness simply by their presence. Swamiji urges us to turn away from such people. Even spiritual aspirants can fall: Swamiji recounts a story of a man who once modeled for Jesus in Da Vinci’s Last Supper, but later posed for Judas—a powerful reminder that anyone can decline spiritually without vigilance. A powerful metaphor: Like a bus driver crossing an icy bridge, we must drive down the center with fear and care—never assuming we are immune to danger. Religious platitudes won’t save us: Politeness and “positivity” are not enough—we must face the real potential for regression and choose the path of light with full awareness. Final call to action: Do not play with shadows. Even the beginnings of spiritual laziness, hypocrisy, or confusion can snowball into spiritual collapse. Choose light, consistently.
  • Gita Talk 74–Virtues Needed for Yogis

    Gita Talk 74–Virtues Needed for Yogis

    · Gita Talks

    The seventy-forth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

    In this talk, continuing with Chapter 16:01, Swamiji discusses characteristics for capability of yoga, and how virya (vigor) is necessary for the aspiring yogi, and the negative qualities a yogi avoids.

    Swami Nirmalananda continues the 16th chapter of the Gita, which details the stark contrast between divine (daivic) and demonic (asuric) qualities. In this talk, he carefully unpacks a long list of virtues essential for spiritual aspirants—not as optional extras, but as requisites for enlightenment. He explains how these qualities form a kind of “endowment” or inner inheritance of the soul and how failing to cultivate them leads to darkness, bondage, and spiritual regression. Drawing on personal anecdotes, scriptural commentary, and humor, he encourages yogis to develop not only external behavior but inward transformation rooted in self-honesty, discipline, and compassion.

    • Virtues of the Divine State Krishna lists divine traits as essentials for enlightenment:

    • Fearlessness, purity, steadfastness in yoga, self-control, truthfulness, nonviolence, and almsgiving.

    • Other qualities include tranquility, non-covetousness, compassion, modesty, gentleness, absence of anger, vigor, fortitude, cleanliness, absence of hatred, and lack of arrogance.

    • Truthfulness in Thought, Speech, and Action: Living untruthfully isn’t just about lying—it’s professing belief in spiritual truths and not living them.

    • Renunciation (vairagya): Letting go means understanding the impermanence and lower value of worldly goals in light of the Self.

    • Fickleness vs. Steadfastness: Spiritual growth requires firm will. Constant changing of plans or inconsistent effort is a major obstacle.

    • The Yogic Life is Courageous: Swamiji shares a story about Anandamayi Ma encouraging him to be “firm and unshakable” when speaking spiritual truth—even when unpopular.

    • Mental and Physical Cleanliness: Purity means clarity in the body, mind, and heart. Unclean environments or thoughts leave subtle vibrations.

    • The Demonic State: Arises from arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, hypocrisy, and ignorance—especially willful ignorance or neglect of spiritual development.

    • You Are Always Moving: There is no standing still. One is either evolving toward the light or devolving into greater darkness and spiritual dullness.

    • Living in Light or in Shadow: Most people in the world are not evil, but they live without the light—unaware or unwilling to seek the truth.

    • Destiny is Not Fixed—It Is Cultivated: These virtues are your endowment, Swami says—not because they’re granted from above, but because you build them daily.

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