Afleveringen
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Al-Fajr (Arabic: الفجر, "The Dawn", "Daybreak") is the eighty-ninth chapter of the Quran, with 30 verses .[3] The sura describes destruction of disbelieving peoples: the Ancient Egyptians, the people of Iram of the Pillars, and Mada'in Saleh. It condemns those who love wealth and look with disdain upon the poor and orphans. Righteous people are promised Paradise – the final verse says "And enter you My Paradise!". The Surah is so designated after the word wal-fajr with which it opens.[4]
Summary
1-4 Various oaths by natural objects 5-13 Unbelievers are warned by the fate of Ád, Thamúd, and Pharaoh[5] 14-17 Man praises God in prosperity, but reproaches him in adversity 18-22 Oppression of the poor and the orphan denounced 23-26 The wicked will vainly regret their evil deeds on the Judgment Day 27-30 The believing soul invited to the joys of Paradise[6]Then the surah discusses that Man praises God in prosperity, but reproaches him in adversity in ayaat 14th to 17th. The discourse then denounces the oppression of the poor in ayaat 18th to 22nd. And approaching the end ayaat 23rd to 25th give the verdict that the wicked will vainly regret their evil deeds on the judgment-day, while ayaat 26th to the 30th gives the good news to the believing soul invited to the joys of Paradise.[7]
Period of revelation
Quran chapters are not arranged in the chronological order of believed revelation (wahy).[8] Muhammad told his followers, the sahaba, the placement in Quranic order of every Wahy revealed along with the original text of Quran.[9] Wm Theodore de Bary, an East Asian studies expert, describes that "The final process of collection and codification of the Quran text was guided by one overarching principle: God's words must not in any way be distorted or sullied by human intervention. For this reason, no serious attempt, apparently, was made to edit the numerous revelations, organize them into thematic units, or present them in chronological order....".[10][11] Surat Al-Fajr is a Meccan sura[12] and meccan suras are chronologically earlier suras that were revealed to Muhammad at Mecca before the hijrah to Medina in 622 CE. They are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 surahs. Most of the surahs containing muqatta'at are Meccan. Henceforth apart from traditions,[clarification needed] this surah qualifies to be Meccan typically. According to Yusuf Ali, Al-Fajr may be placed in the dating period close to Surat Al-Lail and Ad-Dhuha.
Theme of the surah
There are almost seven divisions in the Qur'an[clarification needed] according to Themes.[24][25] The last of these seven sections goes from surah Al-Mulk [surah number 67] to surah Al-Nas [surah number 114].[26] This final part [last seventh of the Quran] focuses on sources of reflection, people, final scenes they will face on Judgment Day and hellfire and paradise in general[27] and admonition to the Quraysh about their fate in the present and the hereafter if they deny Muhammad, specifically.[28] This surah Al-Fajr forms a pair with the next one Al-Balad. The central theme of both the surahs is to reprimand the leaders of the Quraysh for the rebellious attitude and arrogant behavior they have adopted with regard to Allah and their fellow human beings after being bestowed with favors and riches.[29]
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Al-Ghāshiyah (Arabic: الغاشية, "The Overwhelming", "The Pall") is the 88th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 26 ayat or verses. The surah's topics are Paradise, Hell and the miracle of the creation of all things by God.
This surah refers to three broad-ranging topics. First, God describes the difference between good and evil paths that an individual can take and the consequence of each path. God then clarifies their destiny and describes what hell would be like for the non-believers. The second theme mentions the creations God has made, referring to the sky, the earth, and the mountains. Lastly, in verses 21–22, God gives a direct message to Muhammad and tells him, "So remind, [O Muhammad]; you are only a reminder. You are not over them a controller."[1]
Summary
1-3 The terrible day of judgment 4-7 Description of the torments of hell 8-16 The joyful state of the Muslims on the judgment-day 17-20 God manifests himself in his works 21-22 Muhammad only to warn, not to rule over, the infidels 23-26 God will himself punish the unbelievers[2]Hadith
Al-Dahhak b. Qais asked al-Nu'man b. Bashir: What did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) recite on Friday after reciting the Surah Al-Jumua (62). He replied: He used to recite, "Had the story of overwhelming event reached you?" (Al-Ghashiyah).[3][4][5][6][7] Samra ibn Jundab narrated that: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to recite in the Friday prayer: "Glorify the name of your most high Lord" (Surah 87) and Has the story of the overwhelming event reached you? (Al-Ghashiyah).[8][9][10][11] Abu Bakr bin An-Nadr said: We were in At-Taff with Anas, and he led them in praying Zuhr. When he had finished, he said: ''I prayed Zuhr with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he recited two surahs for us in the two rak'ahs: 'Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High' (Quran 87) and 'Has there come to you the narration of the overwhelming?"' (Al-Ghashiyah).[12] It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that: The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite in the Eid prayers ''Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High." (Surah 87) and "Has there come to you the narration of the overwhelming?" (Al-Ghashiyah).[13][14][15][16] It was narrated from al-Nu'man b. Bashir that: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to recite on the two Eid prayers and on Jumu'ah: "Glorify the Name of Your Lord, the Most High" (Surah 87) and "Has there come to you the narration of The Overwhelming?" (Al-Ghashiyah) Sometimes the two (Eid and Jumu'ah) occurred on the same day, and he would recite them (these two Surahs).[17][18][19] -
Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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Al-Aʻlā (Arabic: الأعلى, lit. 'The Most High, Glory To Your Lord In The Highest') is the eighty-seventh chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 19 ayat or verses.
Al-A'la describes the Islamic view of existence, the Oneness of Allah, and Divine revelation, additionally mentioning rewards and punishments. Mankind often hides things from each other and from themselves as well. The sura reminds its readers that Allah knows the things that are declared and things that lie hidden. The final verse of this Sura affirms that a similar message was also revealed to Abraham and Moses in the scriptures.[1] This sura is part of the series of Al-Musabbihat as it begins with the glorification of Allah. This is a Makkan surah. The first 7 Āyāt (verses) were revealed during the first years of Makkan life.
One of the companions of Ali said that he prayed twenty consecutive nights behind him and he did not recite any Surah, except Surah A’la. Surat Al-A'lā is among the most recited suras in the Jummah and Witr prayers.
Summary
1-5 God, the Most High, praised for his works 6-9 God promises to help Muhammad to proclaim the Quran 10-11 The God-fearing only shall be admonished 12-15 The wicked shall be punished, but the righteous shall be blessed 16-17 Men choose the present life rather than the life to come 18-19 The books of Abraham and Moses attest the Quran [2]Hadith
Ibn ‘Abbas (d.687) narrated: The Prophet recited in Witr: Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High (Al-Ala).[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Ibn ‘Abbas reported; when the prophet recited: "Glorify the name of thy Lord, the Most High."(Al-Ala) He would say: "Glory be to Allah, the most High".[10] Samra ibn Jundab narrated that: The Messenger of Allah used to recite in the Friday prayer: "Glorify the name of your most high Lord" (Al-Ala) and Has the story of the overwhelming event reached you? (Al-Ghashiyah). [11][12][13][14] It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Prophet used to recite in the ‘Eid prayers "Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High." (Al-Ala) and “Has there come to you the narration of the overwhelming?” (Al-Ghashiyah).[15][16][17][18]
It was narrated from al-Nu'man b. Bashir that: The Messenger of Allah used to recite on the two Eid prayers and on Jumu'ah: "Glorify the Name of Your Lord, the Most High" (Al-Ala) and "Has there come to you the narration of The Overwhelming?"(Al-Ghashiyah) Sometimes the two ('Eid and Jumu'ah) occurred on the same day, and he would recite them (these two Surahs).[19][20][21] It was narrated that Imran ibn Husain said: "The Prophet prayed Zuhr and a man behind him recited: Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. When he had finished praying, he said: 'Who recited: Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High?" (Al-Ala) A man said: 'I did.' He said: 'I realized that some of you were disputing with me over it'".[22][23] Abu Bakr bin An-Nadr said: "We were in At-Taff with Anas, and he led them in praying Zuhr. When he had finished, he said: 'I prayed Zuhr with the Messenger of Allah and he recited two surahs for us in the two rak'ahs: "Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High' (Al-Ala) and 'Has there come to you the narration of the over-whelming?'" (Al-Ghashiyah). [24] It was narrated that Jabir said: "Muadh stood up and prayed Isha', and made it lengthy. The Prophet said: 'Do you want to cause hardship to the people, O Mu'adh; do you want to cause hardship to the people O Mu'adh? Why didn't you recite Glorify the Name of your Lord Most High (Al-Ala) or Ad-Dhuha or; When the heaven is cleft asunder?"[25][26] Narrated Uqbah ibn Amir: “When the following was revealed: ‘So glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most Great’,[69:52] the Messenger of Allah said to us: ‘Say this in your Ruku’.’ And when the following was revealed: ‘Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High.’[87:1] the Messenger of Allah said to us: ‘Say this in your prostrations.’”[27] -
Aṭ-Ṭāriq( الطارق, "the Morning Star", "Nightcomer"), is the eighty-sixth sura of the Quran, with 17 ayat or verses. Muslims believe this chapter was sent to Muhammad when he was in Mecca.
Summary
1-3 Oath by the star of piercing brightness 4 Every soul has its guardian angel 5-8 God the Creator, and therefore can raise the dead 9-10 The judgment-day shall reveal secret thoughts 11-14 Oaths by heaven and earth that the Quran is God’s word 15-17 Muhammad exhorted to bear patiently with the unbelievers plotting his ruin [2]Hadith
According to hadith, Muhammad used to recite this surah in Zuhr prayer and Asr prayer.
Jabir bin Samurah narrated: "For Zuhr and Asr, Allah's Messenger would recite: By the heavens, holding the Buruj (Surah 85) and (By the heavens and At-Tariq) and similar to them."[3][4][5] -
Al-Burooj[1] (Arabic: البروج, romanized: al-burūj, "The Great Star") is the eighty-fifth chapter (surah) of the Quran, with 22 ayat or verses.[2] The word "Al-Burooj" in the first verse is usually translated as 'stars', or more specifically, 'great stars'.[3] The word Al-Burooj is the plural of Burj, which means fort or tower; something that can be seen from a distance.
Summary
1-7 Cursed were the persecutors of the believers burned with fire 8-9 The believers persecuted for their faith in God 10-12 For the infidels is hell-fire, but for believers Paradise 13-16 God is Creator and Sovereign Ruler of the universe 17-20 Pharaoh and Thamud examples to warn those who reject the Quran 21 The glorious Quran is kept in the Preserved Table [4]The surah opens with an oath by a heaven full of stars: by the sky containing great stars.
4-8 People of the Ditch
Main article: People of the Ditch
Interpreters give several different versions of the story to be referred to in verses 4–8: persecution of Christians by Dhu Nuwas in Yemen, persecutions by Nebuchadnezzar, and people of the trench. It has been documented that Dun Nuwas burned 20,000 Christians alive in a burning trench because they refused to convert to Judaism.[5]
22 The 'preserved tablet'
Quranic exegetes produced different interpretations of the term 'preserved tablet' in verse 22. In this surah the relationship of Quran to the 'Preserved Tablet' is correlated with the relation of the stars 'Al-Buruj' to the heavens 'Al-Sama'. Some of the Mu'tazila argued that revelations were created initially in the preserved tablet. The 'Preserved Tablet' seems to be close to another term, 'Mother of all books' (umm al-kitab), mentioned in Ar-Ra'd 13:39 and Az-Zukhruf 43:4.[6]
Theme and subject matter
Its theme is to warn the disbelievers of the evil consequences of the persecution and tyranny that they were perpetrating on the converts to Islam, and to console the believers, so as to say: "If you remain firm and steadfast against tyranny and coercion, you will be rewarded richly for it, and Allah will certainly avenge Himself on your persecutors on your behalf."
In this connection, the story of the People of the Ditch (ashab al-ukhdud) had been related, who were a group of people who had burnt believers to death by casting them into pits full of fire. By means of this story the believers and the disbelievers have been taught a few lessons. Firstly, that just as the People of the Ditch became worthy of Allah's curse and punishment due to their oppression and tyranny, the chiefs of Makkah are also becoming worthy of it. Secondly, that just as the believers at that time had willingly accepted to sacrifice their lives by being burnt to death in the pits of fire instead of turning away from the faith, so also the believers now should endure every persecution but should never give up their faith. Thirdly, that God's acknowledging Whom displeases the disbelievers and is urged on by the believers, is Dominant and Master of the Kingdom of the earth and heavens; He is self-praiseworthy and is watching what the two groups are striving for. Therefore, it is certain that the disbelievers will be punished in Hell for their oppression, tyranny, and cruelties, unless they have asked for sincere repentance. Likewise, it is also certain that those who believe and do good deeds will go to Paradise, and this indeed is the supreme success. Then the disbelievers have been warned, so as to say: "God's grip is very severe. If you are proud of the strength of your leaders, then you should know that the leaders in the time of the Pharaoh and Thamud were even stronger and more numerous. Therefore, you should learn a lesson from the fate they met. God's power has so encompassed you that you cannot escape His encirclement, and the Qur'an that you are bent upon belying, is unchangeable: it is inscribed in the Preserved Tablet, which cannot be corrupted in any way."
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Al-Inshiqāq (Arabic: الانشقاق, "The Sundering", "Splitting Open") is the eighty-fourth chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 25 verses (āyāt). It mentions details of the Day of Judgment when, according to this chapter, everyone will receive reckoning over their deeds in this world.[2]
Summary
1-5 Signs of the Judgment Day 6-15 The books of the righteous and the wicked given into their hands, and the consequence thereof 16-20 Oaths attesting the doctrine of the resurrection 21-25 The unbelievers denounced and threatened [3]The name of the chapter, Al-Inshiqaq, is a noun variously translated as "The Sundering", "The Bursting Asunder", "The Splitting Open", among others. This name comes from the first verse of the chapter which reads When the sky is rent asunder. The verse does not contain the word al-inshiqaq verbatim, but rather it contains a word of the same root. It is a reference to the destruction of the world at the end of days, which the chapter portend. Thematically, the chapter follows a day-of-judgement theme that is present in the preceding chapters, including Al-Infitar (the 82nd chapter) and Al-Mutaffifin (83rd).[4][5][6]
The chapter begins (verses 1 to 5) by mentioning events that will happen on the Day of Judgment, including the sundering of the sky and the flattening of all that is on earth. Verses 6 to 15 talk about the disparity between those who in that day will be "given [their] book in [their] right hand" and have a joyful reckoning, and those who will not. A series of oaths (verses 16—18) follows, and then another contrast between the fate of the believers and the unbelievers in the day of judgment.[7]
Prostration
Further information: Sujud § Sajdah of recitation
According to the hadith, Muhammed was prostrated when reciting this chapter, particularly after the verse 21 which reads ... and that when the Quran is recited unto them, they do not prostrate? Therefore, most Islamic scholars consider this verse one of the 15 verses in the Quran where one prostrates after reciting it. In most copies of the Qur'an these are indicated by the symbol ۩.[8] Most Maliki jurists consider it obligatory to prostrate after reciting the verse; Malik ibn Anas, the founder of the Maliki school, was a notable exception.[9][10]
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Al-Muṭaffifīn (المطففين, "The Defrauders") is the eighty-third surah of the Qur'an. It has 36 verses
Summary
The primary theme of this surah is Islamic eschatology or the hereafter, and the rhetoric addresses the following subjects is the discourse. The surah opens with a declaration of war and denunciation of those who use false weights and measures in the first six ayat.[1] The surah warns the audience that the acts of the wicked are recorded in the book Sajjín in 7th to 9th ayaat. The surah makes explicit the relation between morality and the doctrine of the Hereafter effectively and impressively with woes to those who reject Muhammad and deny the judgment-day in ayaat up to 17th. Further up to 21st ayat, the surah describes that the acts of the righteous are registered in Illiyún. The rewards of the righteous in Paradise are explained in ayaat 22nd up to 28th. In conclusion, from 29th to the 36th ayat, the believers have been consoled, and the disbelievers warned as if to say: Unbelievers mock at Muslims now but shall be laughed at in turn on the Day of Resurrection.[2]
Ayat (verses)
1-6 Denunciation of those who use false weights and measures 7-9 The acts of the wicked are recorded in the book Sajjín 10-18 Woe to those who reject Muhammad and deny the judgment-day 18-21 The acts of the righteous are registered in Illiyún 22-28 The rewards of the righteous in Paradise29-36 Unbelievers mock at The Believers now, but shall be laughed at in turn [3]
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The Cleaving in Sunder [1] ( الانفطار, al-infiṭār, also known as "The Cleaving" and "Bursting Apart") is the 82nd sura of the Quran, with 19 ayat. The chapter is named 'Al-Infitar' because of the occurrence of the word 'unfatarat' in the first verse of this chapter. Infitar means 'split asunder': the word 'Unfatarat' is used in this chapter in order to describe the splitting of the sky on the day of Judgment. This chapter (Al-Infitar), along with chapters At-Takwir and Al-Inshiqaq, provides an exhaustive description about the 'Day of Judgment'.
Summary
1-5 Signs of the Judgement Day 6-9 Astonishing unbelief of man in his Creator 10-12 Guardian angels record the deeds of men 13-16 In the judgment the righteous shall be rewarded and the wicked punished 17-19 On the day of judgment there shall be no intercessor [2]Hadith
The first and foremost exegesis/tafsir of the Qur'an is found in hadith of prophet Muhammad.[3] Although scholars including ibn Taymiyyah claim that Muhammad has commented on the whole of the Qur'an, others including Ghazali cite the limited amount of narratives, thus indicating that he has commented only on a portion of the Qur'an.[4] Ḥadīth (حديث) is literally "speech" or "report", that is a recorded saying or tradition of Muhammad validated by isnad; with Sirah Rasul Allah these comprise the sunnah and reveal shariah. According to Aishah,[5][6] the life of Prophet Muhammad was practical implementation of Qur'an.[7][8][9] Therefore, mention in hadith elevates the importance of the pertinent surah from a certain perspective.
Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah said: "Whoever wishes to look at the Day of Resurrection, as if he is seeing it with this eye, then let him recite: 'When the sun Kuwwirat' (At-Takwir) and 'When the heaven is cleft sunder (Al-Infitar) and 'When the heaven is split asunder (Al-Inshiqaq)'."[10][11][12] It was narrated that Jabir said: "Muadh stood up and prayed Isha', and made it lengthy. The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Do you want to cause hardship to the people, O Mu'adh; do you want to cause hardship to the people O Mu'adh? Why didn't you recite 'Glorify the Name of your Lord Most High' (Al-Ala or Ad-Dhuha) or 'When the heaven is cleft asunder' (Al-Infitar)?"[13][14] -
At-Takwīr (Arabic: التكوير, literally "The Turning Into a Sphere") is the eighty-first chapter (sura) of the Qur'an, with 29 verses (ayat). It tells about signs of the coming of the day of judgement. Some of these signs include the following:
(a) When the sun is covered in darkness (solar eclipse),
(b) When the stars fall,
(c) And when the mountains vanish (blown away),
(d) When the camels big with young are abandoned.
(e) And when the wild beasts are herded together
(f) And when the seas rise,
(g) And when the souls are sorted,
(h) And when the girl [who was] buried alive is asked,
(i) For what crime she was killed?
(j) And when the books [records of deeds] are open,
(k) And when the sky is torn away,
(l) And when Hell is set ablaze,
(m) And when Paradise draws near,
(n) Then every Soul shall know what it has done.
Summary
1-14 The terrible signs of the judgment-day 15-25 Oaths that the Quran is the word of Allah, and that Muhammad is neither a madman nor deluded by the devil 26-29 The Quran an admonition to all men [1]Hadith
Whoever wants to see the Qiyamah with his/her eyes should read the verses of at-Takwir, al-Infitar and al-Inshiqaq.” [2][3] Imam Ahmad recorded from Ibn Umar that Muhammad said: “Whoever wishes to look at the Day of Resurrection, as if he is seeing it with this eye, then let him recite: ‘When the sun Kuwwirat’(At-Takwir) and ‘When the heaven is cleft sunder (Al-Infitar) and ‘When the heaven is split asunder.(Al-Inshiqaq)’”[4][5][6] It was narrated that Umar ibn Horayth said: "I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) reciting: 'When the sun is wound round.' in fajr. (at-Takwir (81:1)) "[7]Sahabah reported[8] that Muhammad used to recite surahs An-Naba (78) and Al-Mursalat (77) in one rak'ah, and surahs Ad-Dukhan (44) and At-Takwir (81) in one rak'ah.[9][10]
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ʻAbasa (عبس, "He Frowned") is the 80th chapter of the Qur'an, with 42 verses
It is a Meccan sura
The Surah is so designated after the word `abasa with which it opens.[1]
Summary
1-11 Muhammad rebuked for frowning on a poor blind Muslim 12-15 The Quran written in honourable, exalted, and pure volumes 16-23 Man cursed for turning aside from his Creator 24-32 It is God who provides man with food 33-37 On the judgment-day men will desert their nearest relatives and friends 38-42 The bright and sad faces of the resurrection-day [2] -
An-Nāziʻāt (النازعات, "Those Who Pull Out", in reference to "the angels who tear out the souls of the wicked") is the seventy-ninth sura of the Qur'an, with 46 ayat. Its name derived from the word wan-nazi‘at with which it opens. The root (n-z-‘) roughly means "to yank out with great force",[2] although it can also mean "to yearn for" or "to yearn after"
Summary
1-3 Oaths by the angels of death that there will be a resurrection and judgment-day
4 The preceding narration about the angels tasked in the following verse of 5.[4] The angels with various roles and missions perform their tasks by descending from the sky.[4] Muhammad ibn al-Uthaymeen said the tasks which angels done cannot be done by normal humans.[4]
5 The angels has roles that each of them assigned with certain tasks, such as Israfil, blowing horn of Qiyamah,[5][Notes 1] and Michael, who has been tasked to manage the dews, rains and growing plants, and Maalik, who are tasked to guard the hell while punishing the sinners.[8]
6-7 Oaths by the messengers of death that there will be a resurrection and judgment-day
8-14 Infidels shall be restored to life notwithstanding their unbelief
15-26 The story of Moses and his mission to Pharaoh
27-33 The Creator can raise the dead
34-41 The righteous and the wicked in judgment, their various condition
42-46 No one knows the time of judgment, but whenever it comes it will be soon for the infidels [9]
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An-Naba' or The News النبأ, an-nabaʼ also known as "The Tidings", "The Announcement" is the seventy-eighth chapter of the Quran, with forty verses
Summary
The first twenty verses discuss the wonders of the worldly creation (the earth, plants, the peace of night, the mountains and rain); the final twenty verses are about the eternal wonders and horrors of the next world, with the raging sinner (the Arabic triliteral root TGY "taagheena" is used) being punished starkly opposed with the rewarding of dutiful believers in paradise.[3] The Arabic triliteral root WQY "muttaqeena" is employed as a poetic parataxis to TGY).[citation needed]
1-5 Unbelievers shall yet learn the truth of the resurrection
6-16 God the Creator and Preserver of all things
17-20 Judgment-day scenes described
21-30 The recompense of unbelievers in hell described
31-37 The joys of believers in Paradise described
37-38 No intercessor except by God’s permission
39-40 Sinners exhorted to flee from the day of wrath [4]
Hadith
Abu Ishaq narrated from Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl, from Ibn Abbas who said: "Abu Bakr [may Allah be pleased with him] said: 'O Messenger of Allah! You have become gray.' He said: 'I have gone gray from Hud (surah), Al-Waqi'a, Al-Mursalat and `Amma Yatasa'alun (An-Naba) and Idhash-Shamsu Kuwwirat (At-Takwir).'"[5][relevant? – discuss] -
Al-Mursalāt (المرسلات, "The Emissaries", "Winds Sent Forth") is the 77th chapter of the Quran, with 50 verses
The chapter takes its name from the word Al-Mursalāt in the first verse
Summary
1-7 Oath by the messengers of God that the judgment-day is inevitable
8-15 Woe on that day to those who accuse Muhammad of imposture
16-19 In former times infidels were destroyed for accusing their prophets of imposture
20-28 God the Creator of all things, therefore woe to those who accuse His messengers of imposture
29-40 The woe of those who have been cast into hell for calling their prophets impostors
41-44 The joy of those who did not call their prophets impostors
45-50 The infidel Quraish soon to be overtaken by the woes of the judgment-day [4]
Theme and subject matter
The sura's theme is to affirm the Resurrection and Hereafter, and to warn the people of the consequences which will ultimately follow the denial and the affirmation of these truths.
In the first seven verses, the system of winds has been presented as an evidence of the truth that the Resurrection which is being foretold by the Qur'an and Muhammad must come to pass. The reasoning is that the power of All-Mighty Allah Who established this wonderful system on the earth, cannot be helpless in bringing about the Resurrection, and the express wisdom which underlies this system bears full evidence that the Hereafter must appear, for no act of an All-Wise Creator can be vain and purposeless, and if there was no Hereafter, it would mean that the whole of one's life was useless and absurd.
The people of Makkah repeatedly asked, "Bring about the Resurrection with which you threaten us; only then shall we believe in it." In verses 8-15, their demand has been answered, saying: "Resurrection is no sport or fun so that whenever a jester should ask for it, it should be brought forth immediately. It is indeed the Day of Judgment to settle the account of all mankind and of all its individuals. For it Allah has fixed a specific time it will take place at its own time, and when it takes place with all its dreads and horrors, it will confound those who are demanding it for fun today. Then their cases will be decided only on the evidence of those Messengers whom these deniers of the truth are repudiating with impunity. Then they will themselves realize how they themselves are responsible for their dooms
Conclusion[edit]
In the end, the deniers of the Hereafter and those who turn away from God-worship, have been warned as if to say: "Enjoy your short-lived worldly pleasure as you may, but your end will ultimately be disastrous." The discourse concludes with the assertion that the one who fails to obtain guidance from a Book like the Qur'an, can have no other source in the world to afford him Guidance. [6]
Source: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi[7][circular reference] - Tafhim al-Qur'an[8][circular reference]- The Meaning of the Qur'an[9][circular reference]
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Al-Insan ("Human") (alternative names: al-Dahr, "Endless time", Hal Ata, "Has There Not come") is the 76th chapter of the Quran, with 31 verses
Recitation by Muhammad
A hadith narrated by Abu Hurayra said that Muhammad used to recite Al-Insan together with As-Sajdah (chapter 32 of the Quran) for the early morning prayer (fajr) every Friday
This report also appears in Tafsir Ibn Kathir
The Noble Quran1 Has there not been over man a period of time, when he was nothing to be mentioned?
2 Verily, We have created man from Nutfah drops of mixed semen (discharge of man and woman), in order to try him, so We made him hearer, seer
3 Verily, We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful
4 Verily, We have prepared for the disbelievers iron chains, iron collars, and a blazing Fire
5 Verily, the Abrar (pious, who fear Allah and avoid evil), shall drink a cup (of wine) mixed with water from a spring in Paradise called Kafur
6 A spring wherefrom the slaves of Allah will drink, causing it to gush forth abundantly
7 They (are those who) fulfill (their) vows, and they fear a Day whose evil will be wide-spreading
8. And they give food, inspite of their love for it (or for the love of Him), to Miskin (poor), the orphan, and the captive,
9 (Saying): “We feed you seeking Allah’s Countenance only. We wish for no reward, nor thanks from you
10 “Verily, We fear from our Lord a Day, hard and distressful, that will make the faces look horrible (from extreme dislikeness to it)”
11 So Allah saved them from the evil of that Day, and gave them Nadratan (a light of beauty) and joy
12 And their recompense shall be Paradise, and silken garments, because they were patient
13 Reclining therein on raised thrones, they will see there neither the excessive heat of the sun, nor the excessive bitter cold, (as in Paradise there is no sun and no moon)
14 And the shade thereof is close upon them, and the bunches of fruit thereof will hang low within their reach
15 And amongst them will be passed round vessels of silver and cups of crystal,
16 Crystal-clear, made of silver. They will determine the measure thereof according to their wishes
17 And they will be given to drink there a cup (of wine) mixed with Zanjabil (ginger, etc),
18 A spring there, called Salsabil
19 And round about them will (serve) boys of everlasting youth. If you see them, you would think them scattered pearls
20 And when you look there (in Paradise), you will see a delight (that cannot be imagined), and a great dominion
21 Their garments will be of fine green silk, and gold embroidery. They will be adorned with bracelets of silver, and their Lord will give them a pure drink
22 (And it will be said to them): “Verily, this is a reward for you, and your endeavour has been accepted”
23 Verily! It is We Who have sent down the Qur’an to you (O Muhammad ) by stages
24 Therefore be patient (O Muhammad ) and submit to the Command of your Lord (Allah, by doing your duty to Him and by conveying His Message to mankind), and obey neither a sinner nor a disbeliever among them
25 And remember the Name of your Lord every morning and afternoon [i.e. offering of the Morning (Fajr), Zuhr, and ‘Asr prayers]
26 And during night, prostrate yourself to Him (i.e. the offering of Maghrib and ‘Isha’ prayers), and glorify Him a long night through (i.e. Tahajjud prayer)
27 Verily! These (disbelievers) love the present life of this world, and put behind them a heavy Day (that will be hard)
28 It is We Who created them, and We have made them of strong built. And when We will, We can replace them with others like them with a complete replacement
29 Verily! This (Verses of the Qur’an) is an admonition, so whosoever wills, let him take a Path to his Lord (Allah)
30 But you cannot will, unless Allah wills. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise
31 He will admit to His Mercy whom He will and as for the Zalimun, (polytheists, wrong-doers, etc) He has prepared a painful torment
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Al-Qiyama or Al-Qiyamah القيامة meaning "The Resurrection",[1] or "The Rising of the Dead", is the seventy-fifth chapter (sūrah) of the Quran, with 40 verses (ayah).[2]
1-4 God is able to raise the dead
5-11 Unbelievers may mock, but they shall be overtaken by the resurrection-day
12-15 Man shall be his own accuser on that day
16-19 Muhammad rebuked for anticipating Gabriel in receiving the Qurán
20-21 Men choose this life, but neglect the life to come
22-25 Various thoughts of the righteous and the wicked on the resurrection-day
26-36 Man helpless in the hour of death
37-40 God, who created man, can raise him from the dead [3]
1 Nay, I swear by the Day of Resurrection;
2 Nay, I swear by the accusing soul (that this Scripture is true).
3 Thinketh man that We shall not assemble his bones ?
4 Yea, verily. We are Able to restore his very fingers!
5 But man would fain deny what is before him.
6 He asketh: When will be this Day of Resurrection ?
7 But when sight is confounded
8 And the moon is eclipsed
9 And sun and moon are united,
10 On that day man will cry: Whither to flee!
11 Alas! No refuge!
12 Unto thy Lord is the recourse that day.
13 On that day man is told the tale of that which he hath sent before and left behind.
14 Oh, but man is a telling witness against himself,
15 Although he tender his excuses.
16 Stir not thy tongue herewith to hasten it.
17 Lo! upon Us (resteth) the putting together thereof and the reading thereof.
18 And when We read it, follow thou the reading;
19 Then lo! upon Us (resteth) the explanation thereof.
20 Nay, but ye do love the fleeting Now
21 And neglect the Hereafter.
22 That day will faces be resplendent,
23 Looking toward their Lord;
24 And that day will other faces be despondent,
25 Thou wilt know that some great disaster is about to fall on them.
26 Nay, but when the life cometh up to the throat
27 And men say: Where is the wizard (who can save him now) ?
28 And he knoweth that it is the parting;
29 And agony is heaped on agony;
30 Unto thy Lord that day will be the driving.
31 For he neither trusted, nor prayed.
32 But he denied and flouted.
33 Then went he to his folk with glee.
34 Nearer unto thee and nearer,
35 Again nearer unto thee and nearer (is the doom).
36 Thinketh man that he is to be left aimless ?
37 Was he not a drop of fluid which gushed forth ?
38 Then he became a clot; then (Allah) shaped and fashioned
39 And made of him a pair, the male and female.
40 Is not He (Who doeth so) Able to bring the dead to life ?
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The Covered ٱلْمُدَّثِّر, al-muddaththir, meaning "the Cloaked One" or "the Man Wearing a Cloak") is the 74th chapter of the Qur'an, with 56 verses.
1. O you (Muhammad ) enveloped (in garments)!
2. Arise and warn!
3. And your Lord (Allah) magnify!
4. And your garments purify!
5. And keep away from Ar-Rujz (the idols)!
6. And give not a thing in order to have more (or consider not your deeds of Allah's obedience as a favour to Allah).
7. And be patient for the sake of your Lord (i.e. perform your duty to Allah)!
8. Then, when the Trumpet is sounded (i.e. its second blowing);
9. Truly, that Day will be a Hard Day.
10. Far from easy for the disbelievers.
11. Leave Me Alone (to deal) with whom I created Alone (without any means, i.e. Al-Walid bin Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi)!
12. And then granted him resources in abundance.
13. And children to be by his side!
14. And made life smooth and comfortable for him!
15. After all that he desires that I should give more;
16. Nay! Verily, he has been stubborn and opposing Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.).
17. I shall oblige him to (climb a slippery mountain in the Hell-fire called As-Sa'ud, or to) face a severe torment!
18. Verily, he thought and plotted;
19. So let him be cursed! How he plotted!
20. And once more let him be cursed, how he plotted!
21. Then he thought;
22. Then he frowned and he looked in a bad tempered way;
23. Then he turned back and was proud;
24. Then he said: "This is nothing but magic from that of old;
25. "This is nothing but the word of a human being!"
26. I will cast him into Hell-fire
27. And what will make you know exactly what Hell-fire is?
28. It spares not (any sinner), nor does it leave (anything unburnt)!
29. Burning the skins!
30. Over it are nineteen (angels as guardians and keepers of Hell).
31. And We have set none but angels as guardians of the Fire, and We have fixed their number (19) only as a trial for the disbelievers, in order that the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) may arrive at a certainty [that this Qur'an is the truth as it agrees with their Books i.e. their number (19) is written in the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)] and the believers may increase in Faith (as this Qur'an is the truth) and that no doubts may be left for the people of the Scripture and the believers, and that those in whose hearts is a disease (of hypocrisy) and the disbelievers may say: "What Allah intends by this (curious) example ?" Thus Allah leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills. And none can know the hosts of your Lord but He. And this (Hell) is nothing else than a (warning) reminder to mankind.
32. Nay, and by the moon,
33. And by the night when it withdraws,
34. And by the dawn when it brightens,
35. Verily, it (Hell, or their denial of the Prophet Muhammad , or the Day of Resurrection) is but one of the greatest calamities.
36. A warning to mankind,
37. To any of you that chooses to go forward (by working righteous deeds), or to remain behind (by commiting sins),
38. Every person is a pledge for what he has earned,
39. Except those on the Right, (i.e. the pious true believers of Islamic Monotheism);
40. In Gardens (Paradise) they will ask one another,
41. About Al-Mujrimun (polytheists, criminals, disbelievers, etc.), (And they will say to them):
42. "What has caused you to enter Hell?"
43. They will say: "We were not of those who used to offer their Salat (prayers)
44. "Nor we used to feed Al-Miskin (the poor);
45. "And we used to talk falsehood (all that which Allah hated) with vain talkers .
46. "And we used to belie the Day of Recompense
47. "Until there came to us (the death) that is certain"
48. So no intercession of intercessors will be of any use to them.
49. Then what is wrong with them (i.e. the disbelievers) that they turn away from (receiving) admonition?
50. As if they were frightened (wild) donkeys
51. Fleeing from a hunter, or a lion, or a beast of prey
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Al-Muzzammil (المزمل, “The Enshrouded One”, “Bundled Up”, “Enfolded”) is the seventy-third chapter of the Qur'an, containing 20 verses, which are recognized by Muslims as the word of God (Allah). The last Ruku of this surah contains only one ayāt making it possibly the smallest Ruku according to the number of verses or ayāt
Al-Muzzammil takes its name from the reference to prophet Muhammad, in his cloak praying at night, in the opening verses of the chapter. Many commentators claim that “The Enfolded One” is a name for Muhammad, used throughout the Qur'an.[1]
Summary
1-4 Muhammad and the Muslims bidden to pray during the night 5-9 The Quran to be pronounced with a distinct sonorous tone 10-11 Muhammad exhorted to bear patiently the contumelies of the infidels 11-14 God will visit the infidels with dire calamities 15-19 The punishment of Pharaoh a warning to the people of Makkah 20 Modification of the law given in verses 1-4 [2]Content
In the beginning of Al-Muzzammil (Quran 73), God expounds upon the merits of night prayer in the First Meccan Period. Muhammad, and subsequently the Muslim community, is commanded to “stay up throughout the night, all but a small part of it, half, or a little less, or a little more; recite the Qur’an slowly and distinctly.”[3] During the First Meccan Period, the total Qur'anic revelation was brief enough to recite during the night. As such, it was expected of Muslims to recite the Qur'an in full during the night. The night prayer was of such importance, because the believer's focus on prayer and separation from any distraction was believed to “make a deeper impression”[4] on the believer.[5]
However, as time passed, the Qur'an continued to grow, and by the time ayat 20 was revealed, the Qur'an was too long to fully recite during the night. Consequently, God relaxes his prior command to recite the Qur'an at night. Muhammad is told to pray what is easy for him during the night (“recite as much of the Qur’an is easy for you”[6]), but to continue to pray throughout the day (“keep up the prayer [during the day], pay the prescribed alms, and lend God a good loan[6])
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Al-Jinn[1] (Arabic: الجن, “The Jinn”) is the 72nd chapter (sūrah) of the Quran with 28 verses (āyāt). The name as well as the topic of this chapter is jinn. Similar to angels, the jinn are beings invisible to the naked human eye. In the Quran, it is stated in that humans are created from the earth and jinn from smokeless fire.
Summary
1-2 Certain of the genii converted to Islam by hearing the Quran [4][5]3-7 The folly of men and genii in ascribing offspring to God8-9 Genii prying into heavenly secrets are driven away with fiery darts10-14 Different classes of genii, some Muslims and others infidels15-18 Believing genii rewarded in Paradise, the unbelievers punished in hell19 The genii pressed upon Muhammad to hear the Quran20-24 Muhammad can only publish what hath been revealed to him25-26 The judgments of God shall overtake the unbelievers27-28 God revealeth his secrets to his apostles only
Exegesis
2 Jinn recant their belief in false gods[edit]
In the second verse the jinn recant their belief in false gods and venerate Muhammad for his monotheism. The jinn apologize for their past blasphemy and criticize mankind for either neglecting them or encouraging their disbelief.
7 Islamic Judgement Day, Qiyamah
The Judgement in verse 7, and the punishment in verse 25, are both references to the Islamic Judgement Day, Qiyamah.
20-22 Monotheism among the Jinn is reaffirmed
Verses 20-22 are especially important as Monotheism (tawhid) among the Jinn is reaffirmed and the inescapable wrath of God is emphasized.
25-28 Qiyamah is known only to God
Verses 25-28 establish that Qiyamah is known only to God, and that God takes into account all the deeds of a man when judging him.
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Nūḥ[1] ( نوح, “Noah”) is the seventy-first chapter (surah) of the Quran with 28 verses (ayat). It is about the Islamic prophet Nūḥ and his complaint about his people rejecting all warnings Allah gave them through Nuh. Nūḥ's themes include belief in Allah, signs of Allah (the Earth, Sun, Moon), and punishment for denying Allah's message
Summary
In Nuh, the seventy-first surah, the Quran refers to Nuh’s prophethood in snippets. Nuh is a messenger of God. When Nuh realizes the messages are not accepted by the community, he supplicated to God, who planned to flood the community of Nuh at a specified time. God commanded Nuh to warn the people
Exegesis
1-4 Noah receives message from God
Verses 1–4 discuss the message Nuh received from God (Allah) to share with his community, to serve God.
5-20 the Earth, the sun, the moon are signs of God's existence
In Verses 5–20, Nuh informs Allah that his people are not accepting his message. Nuh tries to make clear to the people that all of the Earth, the Sun, the Moon are signs of God's existence.
21-25 rid the world of the evildoers
In Verses 21–24, Nuh asks Allah to rid the world of the evildoers because they refused to abandon their idols and encourage others to do the same
26-28 disbelievers all drowned
In Verses 26–28, the disbelievers were all drowned and sent to hell (as a result of the flood). Nuh asks Allah to forgive the believers and to destroy the disbelievers because their faith will lead many astray.[3]
While studying this Surah one should keep in view the details of the Prophet Noah's story which have been given in the Qur'an above. For this see Al-Araf: 59-64, Yunus: 71-73, Hud: 25-49, Al-Mu'minun: 23-31, Ash- Shua'ra: 105-122, Al-Ankabut: 14-15, As-Saaffat: 75-82, Al-Qamar: 9-16.
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Al-Maʻārij ( المعارج, “The Ascending Stairways”) is the seventieth chapter of the Qur'an, with 44 verses
The Surah takes its name from the word dhil Ma'arij[1] in the third ayah. The word appears twice in the Quran.[2][3][4] Abdullah Yusuf Ali, an Indian Islamic scholar, introduces the surah as “... another Islamic eschatology Surah closely connected in subject matter with the last one. Patience and the mystery of Time will show the ways that climb the Heaven. Sin and Goodness must each eventually come to its own.”[5] It is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings upon him) that whoever recites Surah al-Ma'ārij, Allah will give him the rewards of those who keep their trusts and promises and those who observe upon performing their daily prayers.[6]
Summary[edit]
1 A man demanded that the day of judgment might come at once 2-4 The day, whose space is fifty thousand years, will surely come 5-14 Muhammad to bear the insults of the infidels patiently, because judgment is near 12-18 Riches, children, and friends will not save the wicked from hell 19-24 The wicked are niggardly in health, but full of complaint when evil befalleth 25-35 The character of true 36-41 Unbelievers need entertain no hope they shall escape destruction 42-45 Muhammad counselled to permit the unbelieving Makkans to sport themselves, because their damnation is nigh [6]Theme and Subject Matter
It admonishes and gives warning to the disbelievers who made fun of the news about Resurrection and the Hereafter, and Hell and Heaven, and challenged the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) to cause Resurrection with which he threatened them to take place if what he said was true and they had become worthy of the punishment in Hell by denying it. The whole Surah is meant to answer this denial.
The Surah opens with words to the effect:"A demander has demanded a torment, the torment which must befall the deniers; and when it takes place, there will be none to prevent it, but it will take place at its own appointed time. Allah has His own way of doing things, but He is not unjust. Therefore, have patience, O Prophet, at what they say. They think it is far off, but We see it as near at hand."
Then it is said:"Resurrection, which they desire to be hastened out of jest and fun, is terrible, and when it comes, it will cause great distress to the culprits. At that time they will even be prepared to give away their wives and children and their nearest kinsfolk in ransom to escape the punishment, but they will not be able to escape it.
Then the people have been warned to the effect; "On that Day the destinies of men will be decided strictly on the basis of their belief and their conduct. Those who turn away from the Truth in the world and amass wealth and withhold it from the needy, will be doomed to Hell; and those who fear the punishment of God here, believe in the Hereafter, keep up the Prayer, discharge the rights of the needy out of their wealth, strictly avoid immoral and wicked deeds, practice honesty in all their dealings, fulfill their pledges and trust and bear true witness, will have a place of honor in Paradise"
In conclusion, the disbelievers of Makkah who rushed in upon the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) from every side as soon as they saw him, in order to make fun of him, have been warned to the effect: "If you do not believe, Allah will replace you by other people who will be better than you", and the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) has been consoled, so as to say: "Do not take to heart their mockery and jesting; leave them to indulge in their idle talk and foolish conduct if they are bent upon experiencing the disgrace and humiliation of the Resurrection; they will themselves see their evil end."'
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