Afleveringen

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Paul D. Thompson who is Chief of Cardiology, Emeritus at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT and Professor of Medicine, Emeritus at the University of Connecticut. He has published over 500 peer reviewed journal articles, was a past President of the American College of sports medicine (ACSM) and was a impressively fast marathon runner. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on sport cardiology (See Professor Benjamin Levine and Associate Professor Andre La Gerche’s episodes). We covered a lot of ground. There is a greater prevalence of atrial fibrillation in athletes (is it due to larger hearts?). We discussed possible reasons why coronary artery calcium/calcification is higher in athletes. He recommends 8000 steps done vigorously per day. Exercise is very important for your health. What exercise to do depends on your goals and health status. See time stamps further much more. We discuss his free substack called 500 rules of cardiology.
    0:00. Introduction
    2:40. Previous IE podcast episodes on sports cardiology
    5:30. Worked with ex physiol legend David Costill
    8:00. Ex physiol legend Bengt Saltin
    9:00. More than 500 publications, importance of collaboration
    10:45. Can exercise have negative effects on the heart?
    13:00. More atrial fibrillation in athletes (due to larger hearts?)
    20:30. Genetics and exercise
    25:15. Was excellent marathoner
    27:30. Exercise and right ventricle “fatigue”
    32:00. Genetics, exercise and longevity
    34:10. Cut off points/prevalence of increased risk of atrial fibrillation
    36:26. Atrial fibrillation, blood thinners and strokes
    39:30. Daily aspirin and heart risk
    42:42. Why coronary artery calcium/calcification (CAC) higher in athletes?
    48:40. Sex differences
    51:03. Less heart beats per day in endurance athletes
    53:40. Athletes, higher CAC and cardiovascular events
    56:15. Exercise reduces cardiovascular events
    58:30. Almost never restricts exercise in patients
    1:00:20. Rationale to train hard
    1:02:30. Most bang for your buck if less fit to start with
    1:05:30. Cadence and turbulence in artery
    1:09:30. Better athletes have more heart issues
    1:11:40. Exercise intensity and coronary calcification
    1:13:55. Walking and the heart
    1:18:00. Fit handle operations/illnesses better
    1:20:17. Statins and muscle pain /cholesterol
    1:24:15. Medications vs lifestyle in diabetes
    1:26:32. Metformin and exercise adaptations
    1:27:15. Sudden death during exercise
    1:29:25. Coronary narrowing and heart attacks
    1:31:45. Best athletes have larger aortas
    1:35:20. Intermittent fasting /ketosis
    1:38:45. Exercise intensity and heart adaptations
    1:39:40. Pay attention to symptoms
    1:41:55. Broke his hip in a bike accident, cycles now
    1:43:25. Exercise training early in life /epigenetics
    1:47:05. Drugs and exercise performance
    1:49:20. Environmental factors: eg walking to school
    1:51:52. Cardiac sex differences re exercise
    1:54:05. Wise advice
    1:58:45. Be mindful of the media’s take on exercise
    2:00:25. Takeaway messages
    2:02:12. His free substack 500 rules of cardiology
    2:02:59. Outro

    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Bryan Heiderscheit from the University of Wisconsin in USA. He is an expert on running injuries. This is the third of a series of podcast episodes on running injuries (See Professor Irene Davis’s and Associate Professor Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen’s episodes). Bryan focuses on overstriding and how increasing the stride rate can reduce overstriding and therefore running injuries. The importance of making gradual changes in all aspects. Different kinds of running injuries when land on the forefoot vs the heel. He thinks the type of shoes (minimalist vs cushioned etc) doesn’t make much difference to running injury rates etc. If bouncing up and down when running then may be overstriding which can result in injury. Some people bounce more but don’t overstride, some people overstride but don’t bounce and some do both. Bryan likes to try altering the stride rate/cadence to reduce over striding in an attempt to reduce bouncing and therefore, hopefully, running injuries. Bryan and the previous running. We also discussed causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting. A very interesting chat that brought together not only his research but also the previous two episodes on running injuries.
    0:00. Introduction
    3:16. Similarities/differences re the 3 interviews on running injuries
    8:36. How Bryan got into running injury research
    10:53. Running injuries when land on the forefoot vs heel
    17:02. Specificity: function vs capacity
    20:08. Do cushioned shoes increases injuries?
    26:04. Injury rates /injury risks
    28:45. Accumulation of strides, resilience, loads
    31:30. The centre of mass movement during running (bounce)
    34:20. Changing gait to alter centre of mass movement
    36:50. Overstriding re centre of mass
    40:20. Overstriding and eccentric load on the knee
    41:15. Cadence/step rate to alter overstriding/bounce
    45:38. Speed of runner and how land when running
    47:13. Loading rate and injuries
    49:08. Some overstride but don’t bounce and vice versa
    50:42. Experience of runner and overstriding
    52:40. Elite runners and extent of overstriding
    55:26. Gait retraining and injury rates
    57:14. Step rate increase when land on forefoot
    1:00:01. Other causes of running injuries
    1:00:50. Need shoes to control pronation?
    1:03:26. Causes of hamstring injuries during sprinting
    1:06:43. Bone density reduction after bone injury
    1:08:25. When ready to return after ACL reconstruction?
    1:10:00. Takeaway messages
    1:11:49. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

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  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Rasmus Østergaard Nielsen from Aarhus University who is an expert on the affect of training load and shoes on running-related injuries. This is the second of a series of podcast episodes on running injuries (See Prof Irene Davis’s episode).

    Rasmus went from an overweight gamer to an injured runner to a exercise researcher! His research focuses on injury prevention, especially the importance of training load. Need to make slow changes. Seems don’t need motion control shoes for those with “excess pronation”. His main point is that one needs to give the body enough time to adapt or the likelihood of injury is increased. So don’t suddenly change things. This includes speed, distance, shoes, terrain etc. How gradual is gradual though? There tend to be different injuries from running long vs running fast (and when returning to running one should consider the cause of the original injury). What do in leisure time affects the total load. Shoes and running injuries. Very interesting stuff.
    0:00. Introduction
    3:05. Rasmus focuses on injury prevention
    4:50. The importance of training load with injuries
    8:10. Went from overweight gamer to runner to exercise researcher
    15:12. “Excessive pronation” doesn’t increase injuries
    20:20. If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.
    21:38. Injury rates
    23:50. Don’t suddenly change things
    25:00. Should increase 5-10% a week?
    26:35. Injury from one session vs more chronic effects
    30:20. Running speed, distance and load
    32:40. Stride length and stride rate
    36:00. Gradual changes are very important
    40:08. Different injuries when run long vs fast
    43:02. Don’t do too much too soon (change shoes, different terrain etc)
    48:45. Generally the body can adapt if give it time
    50:40. Might be good to have different shoes if used to them
    53:50. How gradual is gradual though?
    59:20. What do in leisure time affects the total load
    1:02:27. Rearfoot vs forefoot strike and injuries
    1:07:08. Evolution and running shoes, fan of minimalist shoes?
    1:10:35. Training load needs to be considered in injury research
    1:16:43. Quantifying load per stride etc
    1:21:00. Recovery from injury (plantar fasciitis)
    1:24:02. Shoes and running injuries
    1:27:05. “Super shoes” and injury risk
    1:28:48. Recovery from achilles tendon recovery
    1:31:32. Running and knee osteoarthritis
    1:33:53. Strength training and running injuries
    1:39:00. Aging, stretching and running injuries
    1:42:37. Sex differences and running injuries
    1:44:23. Takeaway messages
    1:46:26. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Irene Davis from the University of South Florida who is a top running injuries researcher and the current president of the American College of Sports Medicine. She makes the argument that we were born to run and have evolved to land on the ball of the foot during running and this reduces impact load compared with landing on the heel. Modern running shoes tend to increase the likelihood of landing on one’s heel. She is a fan of minimalist shoes, which tend to result in landing on the forefoot not the heel. She also believes that neutral shoes are best rather than the commonly advised shoes that attempt to minimize pronation. In addition, she also believes that if one has stubborn injuries and have tried other rehabilitation retraining your running gait may be helpful. Not a huge fan of orthotics. I was actually blown away by the chat and very motivated by it. Really fun stuff. Twitter: @IreneSDavis0:00. Introduction to podcast/Irene Davis3:05. How Irene got into exercise research6:43. Running injuries took off when started running shoes13:30. Variability of loading results in less injuries18:50. Rear foot landers have weak calves19:54. Born to run22:00. Calves vs tibialis anterior/shin splints23:00. Running boom and padded running shoes27:00. Landing on the ball of the foot reduces impact load32:15. Cushioned shoes tended to cause heel landing33:40. Tarahumara Mexican tribe use minimalist type shoes35:30. Tibial shock when running on different surfaces36:55. Running barefoot and with minimalist shoes40:45. Training in cushioned shoes then racing in flats42:40. The recent more efficient plated shoes46:55. Flared shoes and greater pronation49:40. Should change running gait?53:50. Retraining running gait1:02:18. Should change to minimalist shoes to land on ball of foot?1:06:40. Should use orthotics?1:10:10. Preparing to run with minimalist shoes1:18:50. This is, however, controversial1:28:32. Microtears in muscle/stress fractures1:30:06. Warming up, stretching, ice useful?1:35:10. Body weight and injuries1:36:47. Can anyone run?1:39:00. Q angle and leg length running injuries1:42:00. Taping the patellar tendon1:42:45. What % should increase running per week?1:43:55. Listen to your body1:45:00. Irene: her running and injuries etc1:50:00. Not a fan of super shoes1:52:17. Need to minimize pronation?1:53:48. Retraining gait1:56:07. Sex differences1:57:00. Age1:58:35. Her prestigious role as President of ACSM2:02:02. Takeaway messages2:03:10. Never too late to change to minimalist shoes2:03:55. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr David Martin. David has a remarkable and varied background starting off as a research scientist at the Australian Institute Sport and then National Sports Science Coordinator at Cycling Australia. He then became Director, Performance Research and Development at the Philadelphia 76ers. He is currently Chief Scientist, Director of Performance at Apeiron Life, San Francisco where he works to improve the healthspan of high net worth individuals. He is also an Adjunct Professor at the Australian Catholic University. We talked about all of this with a focus on the importance of belief systems in sports performance, how placebo effects are real, the use of placebos/belief effects in sports etc. A really interesting chat. I learned a lot. Twitter: davidtmartin
    0:00. Introduction to podcast and David Martin
    3:20. Testing Lance Armstrong and Cadel Evans
    8:00. Thermoregulation, Heat susceptibility
    9:10. Derek Clayton
    10:35. Amy Gillett Foundation
    11:40. Physiological attributes vs belief for exercise performance
    18:05. Cycling selection camps based on combat selection
    23:00. Belief effect
    25:20. Placebo effect of altitude training
    33:25. Does EPO (Erythropoietin) have its own effects on perf etc?
    38:00. Placebo effects on pain and depression etc
    42:00. The “I went to Harvard” /credentials etc effect
    45:05. Lying to win and Belief vs evidence
    47:05. How handle if mismatch between belief and evidence
    53:20. Real physiological effects of placebos
    1:01:40. How much of perf effect of CHO ingestion is belief effect
    1:03:10. Believable vs well informed people in sports team
    1:05:40. Importance of belief in the coach
    1:09:40. Physiological needs of the specific sport
    1:13:40. David and the Philadelphia 76ers
    1:19:00. NBA and trust/protection/managing
    1:23:53. His ideas and finishing up at the Philadelphia 76ers
    1:26:20. Regretted not going fully into academia?
    1:28:22. Rather fight 1000 x 1lb chickens or 1 x 1000 lb chicken?
    1:30:24. Balancing S&C needs and the coaches needs
    1:32:55. Reducing injuries in team sports
    1:34:55. Importance of pre-season conditioning
    1:35:40. Balance of winning vs how much money can make
    1:38:40. Lower body strength in NBA vs track cyclists
    1:41:18. Improving healthspans of high net worth individuals
    1:53:10. A focus on healthspan rather than lifespan
    1:58:55. Evidence base re supplements
    2:03:45. Miss the adrenaline of working with athletes?
    2:05:12. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Mark Haykowsky from the University of Alberta, Canada and remarkable heart transplant recipients Dwight Kroening, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Elmar Sprink, Cologne, Germany. Dwight was very fit before a heart defect resulted in his heart transplantation (HT) way back in 1986. Elmar was an endurance athlete who suffered a series of cardiac arrests before his HT 12 years ago. They have undertaken Ironman triathlons and more. Both had VO2 maxes in the high 50s! (ml/kg/min). They embody the importance of exercise. Really motivating stuff, incredible. I loved this chat with these three remarkable people. Twitter: @mhaykows0:00. Introduction5:40. How Mark got into this area of research8:40. History of heart transplantation (HT)10:00. The age of the heart donors/recipients11:15. The transplanted heart doesn’t perform as well15:45. Reinnervation of the heart16:45. Heart rate during exercise after HT18:55. Dwight before the HT26:00. Matching donor/ recipient30:00. Time from donor death until HT32:20. Matching/rejection/immunosuppression35:10. Elmar before HT46:35. Elmar’s resting lactate was 11mmol/l52:20. Time from diagnosis to transplant54:00. Vascular and skeletal muscle impacts56:00. Dwight’s heart donor58:05. Dwight belief in exercise after HT1:04:15. Importance of being fit before HT1:05:25. Dwight’s VO2 max1:06:30. Very high O2 extractions1:07:25. Dwight motivated Mark to exercise!1:10:50. Elmar’s exercise journey after HT1:13:15. Delay in heart rate increases during exercise1:15:10. Triathlon 1 yr, Ironman 2 yrs after HT1:18:00. Cape Epic in South Africa1:20:00. Elmar better than before heart issues!1:23:20. They can hold the same HR for hours that most HT recipients can hold for 1 min1:25:40. Most HT recipients don’t ex train1:27:30. Muscle issues after transplant1:30:00. World transplant games1:32:10. Doctor loved being wrong about exercise1:33:10. HT recipients and HR delay1:35:10. These guys push the importance of exercise!1:38:30. Max HR with age after HT 1:39:50. Reinnervation after HT1:42:40. Heart stiffer after HT1:44:02. Ex training and cardiac output/left ventricle adaptations1:47:10. Most adaptations to training in HT are peripheral1:49:20. These 2 the fittest HR recipients ever1:51:18. Exercise the key to longevity1:52:24. Dwight feels poorly when doesn’t exercise1:53:20. Go back to old new normal/legacy effect1:55:10. Their prognosis1:57:10. Dwight: More to life than the physical2:02:10. Takeaway messages2:07:10. They are much more than only HT recipients2:10:32. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Chris Fry from the University of Kentucky, USA. Joint injury causes muscle weakness and atrophy (reductions in muscle size) due to the the inactivity but also separately due to the injury itself. Substances are released from muscle to help repair the joint/bone. Prehab is important before surgery. There can be residual effects long after joint injury. We also discussed hypertrophy and aging and the importance of having a lot of muscle capillaries as age to obtain the optimum response to resistance training. Lots more. We had a really great chat. Chris has a very pleasant manner. I enjoyed it a lot. Twitter: @ChrisFryPhD
    0:00. Introduction and welcome
    3:09. How Chris got into exercise research
    6:10. ACL injuries and muscle wasting /weakness
    9:05. Joint injuries and the risk of arthritis
    10:05. The effects of the inactivity vs the injury itself
    13:55. Protein synthesis vs breakdown after an ACL injury
    19:30. Why in evolutionary sense does joint injury result in muscle atrophy
    22:50. What are the signals to cause muscle atrophy
    24:00. Myostatin release after joint injury
    26:55. Acute vs chronic injury
    28:15. Other joint injuries to joints (other than ACL)
    29:25. Atrophy in different muscle fibre types
    31:15. Best way to prepare for surgery after an injury
    34:05. How quickly start rehab after surgery
    35:45. Are there residual effects long after joint injury?
    39:55. Bone vs joint injury
    43:30. Muscle reactive oxygen species/ mitochondria after injury
    46:05. Aerobic capacity of muscle still reduced after rehab
    47:05. Should take anti inflammatories after injury?
    49:20. Vitamin D and muscle injury
    52:15. Does joint injury affect muscle in the non injuried limb?
    54:45. What can do to slow atrophy after injury?
    55:55. Does muscle size and strength go hand in hand after injury
    57:15. Time since injury/trauma and surgery
    58:55. Sex difference and joint injury
    1:00:20. Age and joint injuries
    1:01:10. Hypertrophy and aging
    1:02:05. Aging: inactivity vs training response
    1:03:00. More capillaries in muscle increases response to resistance training
    1:05:00. Aerobic pre conditioning can help with hypertrophy
    1:08:30. Anabolic resistance and aging
    1:12:25. Connective tissue and training responses with aging
    1:15:20. Satellite cells and muscle growth
    1:17:45. Takeaway messages
    1:19:01. Outro

    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Assistant Professor Kevin Murach who is a rising star from the University of Arkansas, USA. Kevin is an expert on muscle, muscle growth, adaptation to exercise training, “muscle memory”, the regulation of muscle growth and muscle memory and the effect of aging etc. Muscle memory definitely seems real (especially in slow muscle fibers). Looks like epigenetics involved more than changes to muscle fibers nuclei. But more work needs to be done, especially in humans. We had a really great chat. I enjoyed it a lot. A very smart chap. Twitter: @KevinMurachPhD
    0:00. Introduction and welcome
    2:16. How Kevin got into exercise research
    6:53. What is “muscle memory”.
    9:15. Human evidence of muscle memory
    13:58. Mice models to investigate resistance training
    19:30. Training, detraining and retraining
    20:35. Comparing rodents and human re their different lifespans
    22:30. Evidence for muscle memory in mice after ex training
    31:05. Mouse model that has both endurance and strength effects
    33:25. Voluntary wheel running: matching the training
    35:45. 10% greater hypertrophy with retraining
    39:25. Mice slow postural muscles didn’t detrain!
    44:45. Mechanisms: epigenetics
    49:50. Muscle nuclei and exercise training/muscle memory
    1:02:00. Muscle memory and epigenetics in the nuclei
    1:05:40. MicroRNA and muscle memory
    1:07:30. Epigenetics
    1:08:35. Exercise training and each bout of exercise
    1:11:20. MicroRNA and muscle memory
    1:16:20. Balance of protein synthesis and breakdown
    1:20:20. Muscle memory: Endurance vs resistance training
    1:21:35. Time course of muscle memory
    1:23:55. How much training need to get muscle memory
    1:25:18. Specificity of ex training muscle memory
    1:26:40. Nature and nuture
    1:27:25. Dutch famine and epigenetics
    1:28:18. Age and muscle memory
    1:29:38. Biological sex and muscle memory
    1:30:40. Common misconceptions: use it or lose it
    1:31:38. Identical twins
    1:32:25. Don’t need to go hard or go home.
    1:33:05. Research experts vs influencers etc
    1:37:15. Takeaway messages
    1:39:44. Do health benefits have a memory too?
    1:41:45. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Nicola Guess from Oxford University, England and Professor Jonathan Little from the University of British Columbia, Canada. Nicola is a dietitian researcher with many years of expertise including the importance or otherwise of glucose “spikes” or excursions and the pros and cons of continuous glucose monitor use. Jonathan is an expert on exercise metabolism who is coming onto the podcast for the second time after speaking previously about keto diets and exercise. A major point is the difference between having chronically elevated blood glucose levels such as in diabetes (pathology) versus having normal increases in glucose ("spikes") in response to a meal. Also increases in glucose before and during very intense exercise is normal physiology and not a concern. There was also a clear message that the use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) have both pros and cons and that need to be considered. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @DrJonLittle
    0:00. Introduction and welcome
    3:20. What are glucose “spikes”/excursions
    4:45. Hyperglycemia in diabetes is very different to “spikes”
    6:20. Glucose spikes in type 2 diabetes
    7:19. Why is chronically elevated glucose a problem?
    12:20. Confusion about glucose levels 2hrs after a meal
    15:29. Underlying insulin resistance the problem not spikes
    19:08. Fasting glucose and insulin measures
    21:10. Meal tests and oral glucose tolerance tests
    24:55. Be careful not to make the underlying pathology worse
    26:15. Keto diets: T2D, weight loss, exercise
    32:10. Glucose even in diabetes is not as important as we think
    35:00. Are CGMs useful?
    38:30. Too much focus on glucose than more important things
    41:00. CGMs very important for people with T1D
    42:05. CGMs and anxiety
    43:25. CGMs and higher cholesterol
    44:00. Misunderstanding of pre-diabetes re CGMs
    46:00. Metabolic flexibility
    47:40. “Nervous normals”
    49:42. Is how loses weight important?
    53:41. What about CGMs in type 1 diabetes?
    54:15. CGMs, diabetes, diet, behaviour change and exercise
    57:40. Glucose metabolism during exercise
    59:55. Exercise and insulin sensitivity
    1:02:15. Effect of exercise on glucose spikes from a meal
    1:04:10. Intense exercise can increase blood glucose levels
    1:07:10. Normal to have elevated glucose after intense exercise
    1:09:50. Influencers misinterpreting data re glucose spikes etc
    1:12:10. Misunderstanding glucose cut offs
    1:13:10. Takeaway messages etc
    1:14:00. Weight loss diet strategies
    1:17:50. Amino acids and insulin secretion
    1:24:40. Should everyone use CGMs?
    1:26:30. Keep it simple re diet and exercise
    1:27:40. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Jill is an expert on the brain and exercise. We discussed the effect of acute (one bout) and chronic physical activity/ exercise on cognitive function, brain blood flow (BBF), dementia/Alzheimer’s disease risk and progression etc. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @Barnes_Lab
    0:00. Introduction and welcome
    2:01. How Jill got into exercise research
    4:25. Studying with Hiro O. Tanaka
    6:00. Researching with Michael Joyner
    7:45. How measure brain blood flow (BBF)
    10:00. Blood vessels that supply the brain and blood flow
    19:16. What would look at if had unlimited funding?
    20:32. BBF vs glucose use in the brain
    21:30. Regional blood flow in the brain
    22:40. Does BBF increase during exercise?
    24:40. Blood pressure and regulation of brain blood flow
    29:00. Effect of exercise intensity in BBF
    32:25. Hypnosis/anticipatory rises in BBF
    34:30. BBF distribution has not been examined much during exercise
    37:00. Cognitive tests and BBF
    38:00. Why does BBF decrease during very intense exercise?
    41:00. Central fatigue and BBF
    42:30. Exercise training and BBF
    45:00. BBF and cognitive function
    46:20. How quickly does BBF increase with exercise?
    47:25. Fitness and BBF at rest
    49:55. Cognition and exercise/lifestyle
    51:44. Exercjse intensity and the brain
    53:10. Resistance training and cognitive function
    55:07. Exercise and brain endothelial function
    57:10. Exercise and the risk of stroke
    59:35. Exercise and the risk of dementia/Alzheimers disease
    1:02:14. Exercise and mental health
    1:03:45. Diet and BBF/brain health
    1:06:15. Sex differences in BBF
    1:12:57. Age and BBF
    1:15:20. Fitness/strength and cognition etc
    1:16:10. Erythropoietin, hemoglobin and cognitive function.
    1:18:48. Exercise and myokines, BDNF, exosomes
    1:21:10. Neurogenesis and exercise
    1:22:20. Exercise, cognition and hypertension/diabetes
    1:25:00. Prevention of Alzheimer’s disease/dementia
    1:27:00. Exercise intensity and mode of exercise
    1:29:55. BBF during resistance exercise
    1:31:20. Controversies in the field
    1:34:52. Keep things simple re exercise
    1:37:00. Takeaway messages
    1:39:57. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Margie Davenport from the University of Alberta, Canada. She is an expert on exercise and pregnancy. We discussed the effect of pregnancy on the health (including pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes) and exercise performance of the mother and on the health of the fetus during pregnancy and the offspring after pregnancy. It became very clear that there needs to be more focus on the beneficial effects of exercise before and during pregnancy on both the mother and the fetus/offspring. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @ExercisePreg
    0:00. Introduction
    2:09. How Margie went from top athlete to exercise researcher
    6:15. History of thinking on exercise and pregnancy
    8:49. What intensity of exercise should do during pregnancy?
    12:28. Fetal heart rate during mothers exercise
    14:10. HIIT exercise during pregnancy
    15:55. Monitoring the baby during exercise research
    19:50. Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy
    20:38. Different types of exercise
    21:49. Effect of the initial fitness of the mother
    24:15. Heavy lifting during pregnancy
    29:00. Effect of exercise on placenta blood flow
    30:03. Animal studies: effect of exercise on the fetus
    33:25. Health outcomes better when exercise during pregnancy
    35:45. Reduced pre-eclampsia when exercise during pregnancy
    44:25. Effect of exercise during pregnancy in elite athletes
    45:40. Exercise during pregnancy and offspring health
    49:07. Effect of pregnancy trimester/stage on exercise
    52:40. Contraindications for exercise during pregnancy
    55:05. Speaking with health care provider
    57:13. Miscarriage levels during the first trimester and exercise
    1:01:26. Individualized approach to exercise during pregnancy
    1:03:15. Relaxin and pregnancy
    1:04:20. Exercise during pregnancy and birth weight
    1:06:15. Gestational diabetes and exercise
    1:10:05. Exercise reduces gestational diabetes
    1:11:55. Exercise before pregnancy vs during vs both
    1:15:10. Exercise during pregnancy and mental health
    1:19:05. Athletes and returning to sport after pregnancy
    1:25:35. “Pregnancy advantage” from childbirth?
    1:29:05. Diet during pregnancy and sport
    1:32:09. Effect of the age of the mother
    1:34:30. Research controversies in the field
    1:36:50. Insufficient research in women/pregnancy
    1:38:39. Misinformation in the area on social media etc
    1:41:50. Takeaway messages etc
    1:45:48. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Darren Candow from the University of Regina. Saskatchewan, Canada. He is an expert on creatine (Cr) and the effects of creatine supplementation on resistance exercise and other exercise. He is also examining the role of creatine in bone metabolism and cognitive function.
    Get greater increases in strength than muscle mass when supplement with Cr during resistance training. Vegetarians/vegans have lower muscle but not lower brain Cr. Need to exercise to get benefits of Cr on muscle. Lots more. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @darrencandow
    0:00. Introduction
    1:40. How Darren got into exercise research
    4:15. The early pioneers of creatine and other exercise research
    7:30. What is creatine (Cr) and where get it from?
    9:30. Do people need Cr and other supplements?
    11:50. Effects of Cr supplementation on muscle Cr
    14:10. Cr vs creatine phosphate (ATP and H+ buffering)
    20:12. How Cr/creatine phosphate effects exercise performance
    23:30. Cr supplementation and resistance training
    26:30. Vegetarians/vegans and Cr
    28:15. Aging and Cr
    29:40. Mechanisms that Cr effects exercise performance
    33:44. Does Cr increase strength/muscle more if control volume?
    40:10. Pre print means not reviewed/published
    42:15. Cr causes cell swelling but need exercise
    43:40. Use it or lose it
    45:10. Cr suppl: how much?
    50:40. Cr transporter and muscle creatine levels
    52:40. Does age or biological sex affect Cr levels?
    54:30. What % increase with Cr suppl during resistance training
    55:40. Dissociation of muscle mass and strength
    1:00:15. Cr suppl has no effect on fat mass
    1:01:15. Cr suppl timing/anti-inflammatory effects
    1:05:15. Keep it simple and food first
    1:06:45. Top sprinters, vegetarians/vegan and Cr
    1:09:00. Time for Cr to decrease after stop Cr suppl
    1:10:10. Side effects of Cr suppl?
    1:12:00. Sarcopenia, resistance training and Cr
    1:14:40. Bone and Cr suppl
    1:20:12. The brain and Cr suppl
    1:27:00. If brain is compromised Cr suppl may be beneficial
    1:28:55. Who can Cr suppl benefit
    1:31:50. Do untrained vegetarians/vegans need Cr suppl?
    1:35:50. Need to exercise for Cr suppl to have any effect
    1:40:10. Caffeine and creatine may interfere with eachother
    1:43:40. Can put Cr suppl in coffee?
    1:44:12. CHO (insulin) and protein can increases Cr uptake
    1:45:19. Volume of resistance training and Cr suppl
    1:46:10. Depression and creatine
    1:47:08. Surprises with Cr research
    1:48:15. Controversies in the field
    1:51:15. Need to be careful with info on social media
    1:53:42. Takeaway messages
    1:54:46. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor Nisha Charkoudian from the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA. She is an expert on the effects of extreme environments on exercise capacity. We talked about dehydration, electrolytes, effects of humid vs dry environments etc. We also discussed the importance of considering sex as a biological variable. This included including both sexes in studies even if underpowered to examine both. We then discussed the importance of conducting more studies on thermoregulation and blood pressure with aging. A very interesting chat.
    0:00. Introduction
    3:45. What is the definition of extreme environments?
    5:05. Who gets the hottest/has the most issues with heat?
    9:00. Effects of humid vs dry environments and hydration
    12:05. Should drink until urine is clear before a race?
    16:10. Should people worry about electrolytes?
    20:44. Sex as a biological variable. Women not more fragile etc
    23:30. Sex differences in heat acclimation
    25:20. No difference in risk of heat stroke between the sexes
    25:50. If no difference then just study one sex?
    27:38. Need to include women even if small sample
    32:34. Even if underpowered it’s ok to include both sexes
    40:20. Gender vs sex, binary vs non binary etc
    42:00. Women and blood flow/blood pressure/heat etc
    49:05. Body surface area and heat/cold
    52:01. Progesterone and body core temperature
    54:25. Aging and thermogerulation
    57:35. Takeaway messages
    1:00:44. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Associate Professor from the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He is an expert on the effect of beta2-agonist asthma bronchodilator medications (like Ventolin) on muscle and exercise performance. We talked about what is asthma/exercise induced bronchoconstriction, can you train your lungs?, the increased prevalence of asthma in endurance athletes, can asthma limit aerobic capacity, what are beta2-agonists?, acute and chronic effects of beta2-agonists on muscle mass, sprinting, strength and endurance, side effects of beta2-agonists and negative effects of beta2 agonists on endurance exercise. Beta2-agonists should only be used for asthma treatment. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @morten_hostrup.
    0:00. Introduction
    2:12. Morten’s very good excuse for postponing coming on
    5:15. What is asthma?
    6:50. Lungs in endurance athletes vs general population
    1:11:15. Increased asthma in endurance athletes
    13:58. Why more asthma in endurance athletes?
    17:20. Asthmatic athletes can be very successful
    19:50. VO2 max etc not effected by asthma
    24:18. Beta2-agonists can have negative effects on VO2 max
    26:30. Sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous systems
    29:06. What are Beta2-agonists and what do they do?
    31:30. Inhaled medications can get into the blood
    32:40. Different beta2-agonists
    35:23. Legitimate and illegitimate use of beta2-agonists
    40:30. Up to 90% of some cohorts take beta2-agonists
    42:30. Legal limits of beta2-agonists use
    43:40. Acute effects on muscle mass/ sprinting
    49:02. Mechanisms of effect on muscle
    53:13. How limit misuse?
    56:39. Chronic effects on muscle
    1:02:50. Hypertrophy from chronic beta2-agonists
    1:06:15. Prevalence of use in body builders
    1:07:40. Combined use of drugs in body builders
    1:10:00. Effect of combining with corticosteroids
    1:16:30. Normal doses have small effects on muscle
    1:17:10. Side effects
    1:21:00. Mechanisms of chronic beta2-agonists on muscle
    1:23:30. Muscle mass and insulin sensitivity
    1:27:22. Potency vs anabolic steroids etc
    1:29:35. Competition with beta blockers
    1:31:55. Cycling on and off beta2-agonists?
    1:32:35. Effects during exercise
    1:37:04. Anti-diabetic effects?
    1:38:15. Maintains muscle mass during weight loss
    1:39:30. Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease
    1:40:55. Sex differences
    1:42:40. Age effects
    1:43:40. Does exercise training affect beta2 receptors?
    1:44:45. Negative effects on endurance exercise
    1:47:02. Increase muscle mass but not so much strength
    1:50:20. Controversies in the field
    1:52:30. Some claim beta2 agonists have no systemic effects
    1:58:00. Takeaway messages
    1:59:28. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Luc van Loon from Maastricht University, The Netherlands. He is an expert with a wealth of knowledge on the role of physical activity/exercise and nutrition on muscle adaptation. A lot of his research focuses on protein and protein synthesis. He applies these studies to young healthy individuals, the aged and also has conducted important experiments on people in ICU. He makes it clear that most people, especially athletes, get enough protein in their diet so do not need to take supplements. Are there really non responders to exercise training? Anabolic resistance with aging is due to inactivity. Lots more. A very interesting chat.0:00. Introduction2:09. How Luc got into exercise research6:30. Moving into protein metabolism8:05. Using tracers to determine exercise metabolism11:40. How much protein do we need?16:35. Protein rich foods after exercise17:00. Generally don’t need supplements.18:20. Food vs supplements19:35. Effects of lower protein intakes23:50. Protein turnover in some organs higher than muscle28:00. Optimal protein intake/additional protein31:00. Athletes eat more so likely don’t need extra protein34:00. Exercise increases protein uptake for up to 48hr38:40. Increased protein synthesis doesn’t necessarily mean increased muscle mass42:37. Protein needs of strength vs endurance athletes44:45. “Protein supplementation” just means above normal diet49:30. Misunderstanding of research findings re translation50:43. Need consistent exercise to adapt56:43. Plant vs animal proteins: not a big issue1:03:40. We are recycling a lot of protein each day1:05:33. Exercise stimulus and individual variations of adaptations1:07:50. Are there really non responders to exercise training?1:11:09. Re-sensitizing muscle by changing the stimulus1:12:42. Anabolic resistance with age (due to inactivity?)1:16:50. Muscle loss with aging largely episodes of bed rest etc1:20:17. Electrical stimulation prevents muscle loss in ICU1:25:06. Normal response to resistance training with aging1:34:22. Protein use during exercise1:36:16. Protein synthesis occurs during exercise1:40:00. Protein requirements when injuries/in bed1:41:40. Does collagen supplementation have benefits?1:45:20. What further studies would Luc like to do?1:46:10. Personalized diet and exercise prescription1:47:09. Sex differences, men and women studies etc1:49:22. Takeaway messages1:50:28. What’s most important, diet or physical activity?1:51:55. OutroInside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: [email protected] to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Michael KjĂŠr from the Department of Clinical Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. He is an expert on tendons and exercise. We chatted about muscle vs musculotendinous junction vs tendon, what structures get injured and why, tendon injuries: mechanisms, prevention, treatment, acute vs chronic/overuse tendon injuries, best to rest or exercise injured tendons?, whether diet, supplements or medicine can assist recovery from tendon injuries etc. We also discussed his earlier work on glucose metabolism during exercise. A very interesting chat.
    0:00. Introduction
    2:05. How Michael got into exercise research
    5:54. His glucose metabolism during exercise work
    11:20. Redundancy in physiology, animal vs human work
    13:45. His muscle work and movement into injury research etc
    16:20. His move into connective tissue/tendon research
    21:30. Taking a risk to move fields/finding collaborations
    23:30. Muscle vs musculotendinous junction vs tendon
    28:00. Why get muscle/tendon injuries
    31:45. Tendon stretches as muscle shortens
    33:05. Age and body weight effects on injury
    34:15. Interface between muscle and tendon
    37:10. Tendon overuse injuries
    41:40. What determines if injury occurs in muscle vs tendon
    44:20. Why tendon can feel better once warms up
    46:45. Water accumulation vs structural changes
    48:00. No evidence that exercising painful tendon increases rupture
    50:00. Development and turnover of tendons/circadian rhythm
    52:08. Blood vessels and flow in tendons at rest/during exercise
    55:00. Strength training and tendon size
    56:20. Best not to rest if injured tendon
    57:45. Need controlled loading of tendon to recover
    1:00:00. Supplements/surgery for tendon recovery?
    1:01:00. Can a tendon biopsy activate tendon repair?
    1:02:40. 3 x 10 reps per week may be enough
    1:04:50. Don’t need to focus on eccentric phase
    1:06:35. Need good shoes etc to reduce injury?
    1:09:00. What is a tendonopathy?
    1:10:00. RICE, anti inflammatories and cortisol shots etc?
    1:13:01. Collagen etc supplements and tendons
    1:15:10. Prevention of tendon injuries
    1:17:40. Signs of tendon injury
    1:20:20. Does warm up/ stretching reduce injury?
    1:23:18. Can a tendon torn off the bone recover without surgery?
    1:24:10. Age and tendon stiffness: inactivity vs age
    1:25:50. Fast twitch fibers and injuries
    1:27:35. Type 2 diabetes and tendon problems
    1:28:35. Can predict tendon injuries?
    1:29:18. Do tendons secrete molecules during exercise?
    1:30:00. Circadian rhythm, sleep and tendons
    1:32:17. Takeaway messages
    1:33:28. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Sue Bodine from the Oklahoma Medical Research
    Foundation, Oklahoma, USA. She is an expert on muscle, in particular muscle atrophy with inactivity/aging. We chatted about how with age muscle size is reduced and this is associated with a reduction in muscle fiber size and also a loss of fast muscle fibers. Resistance training (and perhaps intense endurance exercise) can attenuate the rate of muscle atrophy. We discussed how much muscle atrophy is due to age per se and how much is due to inactivity. Anabolic resistance, protein synthesis, the importance of strength for balance etc. A very interesting chat.
    0:00. Introduction + how Sue got into exercise research
    5:25. What determines muscle strength
    7:20. What age do we start losing muscle mass and strength?
    8:40. Muscle atrophy and loss of fast muscle fibers
    13:10. Can exercise training reduce the loss of fast fibers with age?
    17:50. How muscle of muscle atrophy with age in inactivity?
    19:20. Anabolic resistance with age
    20:40. A role of hormones in muscle atrophy with age?
    22:30. Protein synthesis and turnover in muscle with aging
    26:46. How much exercise is needed to attenuate muscle atrophy?
    30:30. Aging vs inactivity vs immobilizing vs bed rest etc
    33:30. Importance of exercise after bed rest/immobilization
    37:27. Upper body atrophy in runners/cyclist etc
    39:55. Intense endurance exercise and slow muscle fiber size
    43:00. Need to actually work out not just turn up
    44:42. Exercise prescription with aging
    47:05. Balance with age/inactivity
    48:45. Diet and muscle atrophy
    50:00. Need a stimulus (ex training) not eating more protein
    54:52. Disease processes and muscle atrophy
    58:10. Mechanisms playing a role in muscle atrophy/hypertrophy
    1:08:53. Don’t need to break down muscle to build muscle
    1:10:40. Determining muscle quality/specific tension
    13:02. Are slow fibers really weaker than fast fibers?
    1:17:22. Takeaway messages
    1:18:53. Can very old people still get stronger/hypertrophy?
    1:19:50. Do females really hypertrophy less?
    1:22:00. Outro
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Shona Halson from the Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia. We chatted about how much sleep athletes need compared with how much sleep they actually get. Night sleep vs naps vs total sleep in athletes vs non athletes. The importance of consistency of sleep. Caffeine, sleep and exercise performance. Is overtraining actually a lot less common than believed? Ice baths may reduce hypertrophy with resistance training but improve team sports/endurance. Effects of compression garments on recovery. The effects of mental fatigue on exercise performance. A very interesting chat. Twitter: @ShonaHalson
    0:00. Introduction + how Shona got into sports/exercise research
    3:45. Defining what we mean by recovery and fatigue
    5:40. How much sleep do athletes need/get?
    11:30. If athletes extend their sleep they do better
    13:05. Athletes night sleep vs total sleep per day (naps)
    15:10. Physical load vs mental load and sleep
    16:45. Sleep quality/architecture
    20:15. Is one night of reduced sleep a problem?
    21:15. Lack of sleep and perception of effort
    22:20. Importance of sleep consistency/regularity
    28:55. Does a lack of sleep reduce performance
    29:56. Best to prioritize sleep or exercise?
    34:27. Caffeine and sleep studies (hard to control)
    39:15. Caffeine: responders and non responders etc
    41:30. Genetics and sleep/can one sleep too much?
    43:12. Intensified training vs overreaching vs overtraining
    52:52. Ice baths/contrast baths, adaptations and recovery
    1:03:00. Water, hydrostatic pressure and blood flow
    1:05:25. Inflammation, anti-inflammatories and ice
    1:07:30. Physical fatigue vs mental fatigue
    1:11:00. Mental fatigue and exercise performance
    1:13:40. Are wearables useful for gauging recovery?
    1:16:24. Listening to your body
    1:17:50. Compression garments and recovery
    1:21:05. Menstrual cycling and sleep
    1:22:30. Takeaway messages
    1:23:30. Placebo effects
    1:24:49. Outro (9 seconds)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Assoc Prof Andre La Gerche a world leading Sports Cardiologist from St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. Acute exercise for long periods at a high intensity can result in abnormal right ventricle function. In addition, years of long, hard exercise training is associated with increased coronary artery calcium (CAC) levels and atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite this, Andre is a huge advocate of exercise across the population and generally even in these individuals. The evidence is that exercise training increase healthspan and reduces mortality rates despite some of these changes. A very important, interesting chat. Twitter: @ALaGerche
    0:00. Introduction + how Andre got into sports/exercise research
    5:30. Andre’s excellent marathon running
    7:32. Is exercise good for the heart?
    10:50. Media fear around ex and the heart
    13:45. Increased CAC and heart attack risk
    17:00. Exercise protective even if increased CAC
    18:56. Andre hasn’t had a CAC scan
    22:28. Plague build up in the coronary arteries
    23:50. Some people never have coronary issues
    24:50. Genetics and the heart
    26:55. Jim Fixx: died running
    27:40. How can exercise increase CAC?
    32:00. Get into exercise slowly
    33:30. Coronary “hot plagues” and heart attacks
    35:30. Exercise before a heart operation
    36:45. Exercise training increases hearts reserve with age
    37:33. 1969 marathon WR holder Derek Clayton: still amazing heart
    43:15. AF more common in endurance athletes
    45:43. Female endurance athletes have increased AF
    47:55. Generally if in doubt, keep exercising
    50:43. Women have relatively more stable hearts
    52:50. Cardiac screening of athletes
    55:55. Ventricular arrhythmias: continue sport or not?
    59:50. It's hard to estimate heart attack risk
    1:01:58. Right ventricle after long hard races
    1:08:10. Rare ventricular tachycardia in professional athletes
    1:11:34. The importance of seeing a sports cardiologist
    1:14:40. Big vs enormous hearts in top endurance athletes
    1:18:10. Genetics and the heart
    1:19:25. EPO, anabolic steroids, very hard training and the heart
    1:24:20. Resistance training, anabolic steroids and the heart
    1:28:15. Best exercise to do for the heart and health
    1:29:50. What’s the cutoff of ex for increased AF?
    1:33:50. Blood indicators of heart damage/recovery
    1:36:45. Right ventricle “fatigue” and recovery
    1:40:50. Heart failure/heart reserve and exercise (sex differences)
    1:44:00. Don't assume sudden death in athletes drug related
    1:45:45. Negative cardiac effects of the Covid19 vaccine in some people
    1:50:12. Takeaway messages
    1:52:38. Outro (9 seconds)
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice

  • Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Wim Derave from the Ghent University in Belgium. We talked about the different muscle fibres/fiber types in humans and his recent evidence that pure Type 2X muscle fibers may not really exist or maybe only in some sedentary individuals. He also made the point that muscle fiber type info is not used enough in sports contexts. He outlined some non invasive ways of estimating your muscle fibre types. Finally we discussed remarkable and important findings that antihistamines may reduce some exercise training adaptations. A very interesting, long chat. Twitter: @TeamDerave.
    0:00. Introduction and how Wim got into exercise research
    7:02. Different types of muscle fiber types
    10:10. Humans tend to be a slow fiber type species
    12:10. Humans hunt by wearing down our prey
    17:50. Can ex training change muscle fiber type?
    22:00. For sprinters the more fast fibers the better?
    24:00. The different types of muscle fibers
    26:58. He finds no type 2X muscle fibers in humans
    31:00. Some sedentary people may have a few type 2X fibers
    34:50. New methods to determine muscle fibre type
    37:20. Coexistence of more than one fiber type within a fiber?
    42:50. Slow twitch fibers are more efficient
    43:44. Sedentary/tapering and type 2X fibers
    46:30. More fast twitch fibers in insulin resistance
    50:51. Non invasive ways to estimate muscle fibre type
    57:20. Swimming vs muscle fiber type
    1:00:02. 30 second cycling sprint to estimate muscle fiber type
    1:05:10. Coaches and muscle fiber type
    1:07:10. Applying muscle fiber type info to sport
    1:09:20. Hamstring strains, overtraining, tapering and muscle fiber type
    1:17:45. Slow fibers barely fatigue
    1:19:30. Diet and muscle fiber type
    1:30:30. Non muscle cells needed for skeletal muscle training adaptations
    1:38:50. Antihistamines may reduce ex training adaptations
    1:46:20. Sex differences and muscle fibre type
    1:47:33. Age and muscle fibre type
    1:49:35. Takeaway messages
    2:00:51. Outro (9 seconds)
    Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.
    The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.
    He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
    Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:
    Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1
    Instagram: insideexercise
    Facebook: Glenn McConell
    LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
    ResearchGate: Glenn McConell
    Email: [email protected]
    Subscribe to Inside exercise:
    Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHL
    Apple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRU
    YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexercise
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Google Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHI
    Anchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercise
    Podcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218
    Not medical advice