Afleveringen
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Today we read Sembran fere d’avorio in bosco d’oro, by Anton Maria Narducci.
You gotta love Baroque poetry.
The author of this sonnet must have gotten tired of the never-ending repetition of the âangelic woman with golden hairâ trope, and decided to give things a different turn.A more realistic turn. You see, in the 1600s hygiene was not what it is today, so it must not have been a rare occurrence to see people scratching their heads with suspicious frequency and intensity.
The beloved of the poet â real or imagined, it doesnât really matter â still has a fabulous golden mane, just like Petrarcaâs did. The difference, and it is a remarkably substantial one, lies in its cleanliness, or lack thereof.
Indeed, her hair is infested with lice. And the poet celebrates these guests, comparing them to gems that adorn it, or even to little Cupids, darting to and fro, and preparing a golden net that the lady uses to capture men and make them love her.Such is the Baroque equilibrium between poetic and disgusting, commonplace and exalted, traditional and rebellious.
The original:
Sembran fère dâavorio in bosco dâoro\le fère erranti onde sĂ ricca siete;
The music in this episode is Paganini’s Caprice No. 24, recorded by Elias Goldstein (Viola) and Christina Lalog (Piano) (in the public domain).
anzi, gemme son pur che voi scotete
da lâaureo del bel crin natio tesoro;
o pure, intenti a nobile lavoro,
cosĂ cangiati gli Amoretti avete,
perchĂŠ tessano al cor la bella rete
con lâauree fila ondâio beato moro.
O fra bei rami dâor volanti Amori,
gemme nate dâun crin fra lâonde aurate,
fère pasciute di nettarei umori;
deh, sâavete desio dâeterni onori,
esser preda talor non isdegnate
di quella preda onde son preda i cori! \ -
Today we read Dâun alto monte onde si scorge il mare, by Isabella di Morra.
Picture it: you are a young, smart girl who adores her father because, among other things, he gives you a literary education. Which is not at all to be taken as a given when you live in the early 1500s.
You are surrounded by unruly and frankly nasty brothers, who envy your fatherâs attentions for you.
Then you father runs afoul of the powers that be, and has to flee to Paris. You are left alone with your brothers, who confine you by the early age of ten to live inside your castle, perched atop a steep cliff. Your life is reduced to writing poetry for yourself, hating the place of your imprisonment, and longing for your fatherâs return.
This is what the sonnet describes: Isabella looking out to the sea from her lonely, hated cliff, searching the horizon for ships that might bring her, if not her father, at least news of him.
But her father never came home, even after his pardon: he preferred to climb the ranks at the court in Paris, and abandoned his family back in the sticks.
This veritable Rapunzel had her one little joy in the literary correspondence she maintained with another poet, Diego Sandoval, a neighbouring noble. Their letters had to be sneaked in by her tutor, to avoid suspicions. But of course their brothers got wind of them, immediately suspected a tryst, and thought nothing of killing her to restore the âfamily honour.â
Such was the short, unhappy life of Isabella.
The original:
Dâun alto monte onde si scorge il mare
miro sovente io, tua figlia Isabella,
sâalcun legno spalmato in quello appare,
che di te, padre, a me doni novella.
Ma la mia adversa e dispietata stella
non vuol châalcun conforto possa entrare
nel tristo cor, ma, di pietĂ rubella,
la calda speme in pianto fa mutare.
Châio non veggo nel mar remo nĂŠ vela
(cosÏ deserto è lo infelice lito)
che lâonde fenda o che la gonfi il vento.
Contra Fortuna alor spargo querela
ed ho in odio il denigrato sito,
come sola cagion del mio tormento.\ The music in this episode is Vivaldi’s Double Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 3 No. 11, played by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with David Parry and Roxana Pavel Goldstein (under creative commons from the Al Goldstein collection). -
Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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Today we read Voi ch’ascoltate in rime sparse il suono, by Francesco Petrarca.
I am a happy subscriber to the Poem of the Day newsletter from the Poetry Foundation, and a few weeks ago I received in my mailbox this version of the opening sonnet of Petrarchâs Canzoniere.
Though Iâm of course glad to see Italian authors showcased, and even setting aside my general misgivings about translating poetry, I must admit I would definitely not call this a âtranslationâ from the Italian: perhaps a rather free reinterpretation?
And so, given a severe delay in providing some Petrarca on these pages, here we go.
As mentioned, this is the first sonnet of the collection that cemented Petrarchâs reputation for the ages: the Canzoniere, which means âcollection of songs.â As it was the case for the opening sonnet of Boccaccioâs collection, it is a declaration of poetics. But it can also be seen as the capstone of the collection, because it recapitulates the journey of the poet, from the total absorption in his love for Laura, to the later recognition of it as a shameful error, and the very religious turn of the later poems.
What I canât help but always find striking is how, in describing this âyouthful errorâ of his, he inject in this very poem, so prominent, an obviously-deliberate syntax error. The first two quatrains are a long sentence building up on that Voi, âyou who listen,â that one expects to be the subject. And yet, once verse eight arrives, the sentence breaks down, Petrarca becomes the subject asking for forgiveness, and if he asks it of them, at least one preposition is missing all the way back in verse one.
For the master sonnettier, synonymous of formal perfection, and founder of a tradition lasting more than 600 years, it feels like quite a statement.
The original:
Voi ch’ascoltate in rime sparse il suono
di quei sospiri ond’io nudriva ’l core
in sul mio primo giovenile errore
quand’era in parte altr’uom da quel ch’i’ sono,
del vario stile in ch’io piango et ragiono
fra le vane speranze e ’l van dolore,
ove sia chi per prova intenda amore,
spero trovar pietĂ , nonchĂŠ perdono.
Ma ben veggio or sĂŹ come al popol tutto
favola fui gran tempo, onde sovente
di me medesmo meco mi vergogno;
et del mio vaneggiar vergogna è ’l frutto,
e ’l pentersi, e ’l conoscer chiaramente
che quanto piace al mondo è breve sogno.\ The music in this episode is De Torrente, from Vivaldi’s Dixit Dominus (RV 807), played by Cor i Orquestra de mĂşsica antiga de l’Esmuc, InĂŠs Alonso (soprano solista), Albert Baena (alto solista), LluĂs Vila (director) (in the creative commons thanks to the Catalonia College of Music). -
Today we read Presagio, by Ada Negri.
Ana Negri was known for her interest in social reform, and her early poetry reflects that, later morphing into patriotism after the experience of the First World War.
This poem was written at a later stage of her life, when she was sixty, and attests to her shift towards more intimate and lyrical themes, lingering on memory.
Here she describes the end of winter, the first glimpses of spring, and likens this liminal moment to the awakening of adolescence in a young woman’s life. The longing for, and anticipation of, the fullness of love; and the warning that when it does arrive, it might not be all that one expected it to be.
The original:
Quando avanza il febbraio, e ancor non ride
Primavera, ma piĂš non piange Inverno,
ti trasfiguri; e l’ansia hai della zolla
che si risveglia e riconosce il sole.
Timido è il sole di febbraio, e nudo
come un povero: pur nel suo tepore
ramo di pioppo e ramo di betulla
giĂ crede aver le fronde. E tu con essi
credi: giĂ le vedi: in te giĂ senti
gonfiare i bocci che saran domani
roseo di pèschi e bianco di ciliegi:
pungere in te giĂ senti anche le spine
del rosaio, vermiglie come il sangue.
O fortunata, se goderti prima
puoi si gran doni, che nel chiaro aprile
saran di tutti! Gusta in tuo segreto
sapore di latte delle gemmule
non vive ancora: pratoline e mammole
raccogli, fin che non sien nate, e mano
capricciosa le brancichi, e tallone
duro le schiacci!
Cosi tu, nel tempo
della felice adolescenza, ardesti
d’amore in sogno; e quando giunse il vero
non fu sĂŹ bello: o donna, e se un ricordo
or ti rivolge indietro, è di quel sogno. \ The music in this episode is Arcangelo Corelli’s Concerto Grosso in G minor (Christmas Concerto), Op. 6, No. 8, played by the Advent Chamber Orchestra (licensed under Creative Commons). -
Today we read Mio padre è stato per me l’“assassino”, by Umberto Saba.
Sabaâs mother was abandoned by the poetâs father while still pregnant. Understandably she didnât harbour good memories of him, but went as far as referring to him as âthe assassinâ when talking to Umberto all through his childhood.
In this sonnet Saba recounts meeting his father later on, when he was twenty. He is presented not with a killer or a mastermind, but with a child, drifting without cares through his life and the world (and his many lovers).
The poet contrasts his mother, who felt all the heaviness of life, with his fatherâs attitude, his slipping from her hands like a balloon, light and ethereal: not a bad person, really â simply unable to keep his responsibilities.
The original:
Mio padre è stato per me lââassassinoâ,
fino ai ventâanni che lâho conosciuto.
Allora ho visto châegli era un bambino,
e che il dono châio ho da lui lâho avuto.
Aveva in volto il mio sguardo azzurrino,
un sorriso, in miseria, dolce e astuto,
Andò sempre pel mondo pellegrino;
piĂš dâuna donna lâha amato e pasciuto.
Egli era gaio e leggero; mia madre
tutti sentiva della vita i pesi.
Di mano ei gli sfuggĂŹ come un pallone.
âNon somigliare â ammoniva â a tuo padreâ.
Ed io piĂš tardi in me stesso lo intesi:
eran due razze in antica tenzone.\ The music in this episode is Alessandro Marcello’s Oboe Concerto in D minor, S. Z799, recorded by the Orchestre de chambre de la Sarre (in the public domain). -
Today we read Trasformazione di Dafne in lauro, by Giambattista Marino.
In the full glory of baroque flourishes, Marino presents here the notorious rape of Daphne by Apollo. And the poem, though offset by the beauty of the language and technique, is brutal.
The first quatrain focuses on Daphne, shown in distress, running away, looking for her father, likened to a hunted-down doe. Still, slowly but surely, as she turns into a tree as the last resort to escape from the god, the poetâs sympathy also seems to recede. As if saying: sheâs just an object now.
And so in the last terzina there is almost no trace of her left. Thereâs only the triumph of the god: he might have not gotten her fruit, but he will forever adorn his head with the branches of the laurel: her branches. Violence and godâs will prevail in the end, of course.
The original:
Stanca, anelante a la paterna riva,
qual suol cervetta affaticata in caccia,
correa piangendo e con smarrita faccia
la vergine ritrosa e fuggitiva.
E giĂ l’acceso Dio che la seguiva,
giunta omai del suo corso avea la traccia,
quando fermar le piante, alzar le braccia
ratto la vide, in quel ch’ella fuggiva.
Vede il bel piè radice, e vede (ahi fato!)
che rozza scorza i vaghi membri asconde,
e l’ombra verdeggiar del crine aurato.
Allor l’abbraccia e bacia, e, de le bionde
chiome fregio novel, dal tronco amato
almen, se’l frutto no, coglie le fronde.\ The music in this episode is De Torrente, from Vivaldi’s Dixit Dominus (RV 807), played by Cor i Orquestra de mĂşsica antiga de l’Esmuc, InĂŠs Alonso (soprano solista), Albert Baena (alto solista), LluĂs Vila (director) (in the creative commons thanks to the Catalonia College of Music). -
Today we read Sia pace ai frati, by Vittorio Alfieri.
This short and punchy epigram by Vittorio Alfieri embodies the Enlightenment attitude towards religion and state: peaceful coexistence in separate domains.
Priests should be few and not overly loquacious in the public arena; cardinals should not take away the lights (here Alfieri uses the term âlumeâ, and âetĂ dei lumiâ is an expression for âEnlightenmentâ).
The pope should concentrate on the problems of faith and salvation, leaving politics to politicians.
Laws should rule, not a king.
And the concluding line exclaims patriotically: there is an Italy!
The original:
Sia pace ai frati,
Purchè sfratati:
E pace ai preti,
Ma pochi e queti:
Cardinalume
Non tolga lume:
Il maggior prete
Torni alla rete:
Leggi, e non re;
LâItalia câè. \ The music in this episode is Gaetano Donizetti’s overture to the opera Don Pasquale, played by the United States Marine Band for the album Overtures, Volume Two (in the public domain). -
Today we read Il lampo, by Giovanni Pascoli.
In this very short ballad Pascoli paints an impressionistic picture of the moment right before the start of a torrential storm, at night. Everything is black and silent, but suddenly a flash of lightning lights up the landscape, and reveals a sky about to burst into rain, and the ground heaving as if waiting for the outpour.
A house also appears briefly, only to be swallowed up by darkness soon after.
But this is not just a description of a natural phenomenon, and the last lines are a hint to the second meaning of the poem.
The house is compared to an eye that opens, wide and shocked, and closes back into the night. The whole thing is a symbolic reference to the death of Pascoliâs father, who was shot one evening while returning home. The lightning, then, is also the flash from the shotgun the brigands used to kill him.
The original:
E cielo e terra si mostroĚ qual era:
la terra ansante, livida, in sussulto;
il cielo ingombro, tragico, disfatto:
bianca bianca nel tacito tumulto
una casa appariĚ spariĚ dâun tratto;
come un occhio, che, largo, esterrefatto,
sâapriĚ si chiuse, nella notte nera.
\ The music in this episode is Vivaldi’s Concerto No. 10, RV 580, played by The Modena Chamber Orchestra (under Creative Commons). -
Today we read Bella ch’invecchia, by Anton Giulio Brignole Sale.
This short epigram was composed by a member of the elite of the Republic of Genoa, when it was at the apex of its commercial and banking power in Europe. Part of his surname, Brignole, is well-known to all the travellers that today stop at, or pass by, the second most important station of the city.
But nothing grandiose here. Just a witty play on the usual, trite trope of love poetry: love enters from the eyes.
The poet is consoling a beautiful woman distressed by the passage of time. He explains to her that to love you need to see first. And just as the Sun is too bright to be seen during the day, but easier to behold when it is setting; people will be able to see her more and more, and thus love her the better for it.
The original:
se non si puote amare
senza prima mirare,
bella a che d’invecchiar sĂŹ vi dolete?
Invecchiando piĂš amata anco sarete:
a rimirar il sol la vista è pronta
piĂš che nel mezzo dĂŹ, quando tramonta.\ The music in this episode is Gaetano Donizetti’s overture to the opera Don Pasquale, played by the United States Marine Band for the album Overtures, Volume Two (in the public domain). -
Today we read Chi sono, by Aldo Palazzeschi.
The modern departure from the themes and connotations of classical poetry can be done in several way: in anger, or with a strong condemnation of the past, or touting the moral superiority of the new way of doing things, for example.
In the case of Palazzeschi, the approach is through irony, levity and a sense of humour that suffuses most of his poems. In what is perhaps his most famous work, after all, he concludes a series of frankly silly verses by saying âoh just let me have some fun!â
In todayâs poem Palazzeschi asks âwho am I?â, and investigates his work as an artist. He starts by comparing himself to the usual, established figures valued by âhigh browâ culture: a poet? a painter? a musician? But no: his pen can only write one word: foolishness; his palette has only one color, melancholy.
Turns out he is just a street performer, drawing peopleâs attention to his own soul. He uses the word saltimbanco: a lowly job aimed at popular entertainment, and that is often used with the connotation of a charlatan.
The original:
Son forse un poeta?
No, certo.
Non scrive che una parola, ben strana,
la penna dellâanima mia:
“follia”.
Son dunque un pittore?
Neanche.
Non ha che un colore
la tavolozza dellâanima mia:
“malinconia”.
Un musico, allora?
Nemmeno.
Non câè che una nota
nella tastiera dellâanima mia:
“nostalgia”.
Son dunque… che cosa?
Io metto una lente
davanti al mio cuore
per farlo vedere alla gente.
Chi sono?
Il saltimbanco dellâanima mia.\ The music in this episode is Paganini’s Caprice No. 24, recorded by Elias Goldstein (Viola) and Christina Lalog (Piano) (in the public domain). -
Today we read Paolo e Francesca, by Dante Alighieri.
I canât delay anymore: itâs time for some Dante, and in particular for some Comedy (the adjective divina, or âDivine,â is a later attribution).
This work is very different from anything I have presented so far: it is a long poem, divided in three books (Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso), each consisting of 33 canti (though Inferno has an additional canto as prologue, bringing the total to one hundred), written in a sequence of tercets linked by rhymes, so that the narrative flows in a uninterrupted formal continuum typical of the terza-rima.
It is the masterpiece of early Italian poetry, though it is probably more studied and admired than imitated, given the sheer range of its linguistic registers and themes, and its âcosmicâ scope. Still, it shaped the medieval and modern imagination about the afterlife.
During his visit of hell, Dante discovers that it is organized in nine concentric rings, each dedicated to sinners marked by increasingly grave sins, each ring being narrower and deeper inside the Earth. At the bottom/center, Satan himself is bound.
In this extract from canto V, Dante is visiting the first area of hell proper, where the souls are marred by the least grievous sin, lust. These souls are punished according to the usual rule of contrappasso: just like, while alive, they were not able to control themselves and gave in to their carnal desires, now they are continuously buffeted along by a strong wind that never lets them rest.
Among these souls, Dante sees two that are together, and paion sĂŹ al vento esser leggieri (they seem light on the winds), decides to talk to them, calls them, and they approach not unlike doves.
Our long extract starts now. First one of the souls, Francesca, speaks, and in three lovely tercets, each starting with the word âlove,â briefly summarizes their fate: they fell in love, and because of that they died, or rather were killed.
Dante is struck by this, and remains thoughtful for a while. It is easy to imagine him, a poet in the rich tradition of courtly love who then sang of love as a means to reach god, to have conflicting feelings for this couple whose only sin was to love.
So he asks them, how did you fall in love? Francesca then recounts how she and her beloved Paolo (who always remains silent and whose name is not given in the poem) were reading, together and unsuspecting, a book on the story of Lancelot and his love for Guinevere.
Often, while reading, they would look each other in the eye. But when they arrived at the part in which Lancelot finally kisses Guinevere, Paolo, trembling, kissed Francesca â and, she says, âthat day we didnât read anymore.â
Dante is so distressed by this story that he faints and falls down, âlike a dead body falls.â
The original:
Amor, ch’al cor gentil ratto s’apprende,
prese costui de la bella persona
che mi fu tolta; e ’l modo ancor m’offende.
Amor, châa nullo amato amar perdona,
mi prese del costui piacer sĂŹ forte,
che, come vedi, ancor non mâabbandona.
Amor condusse noi ad una morte.
Caina attende chi a vita ci spense".
Queste parole da lor ci fuor porte.
Quandâio intesi quellâanime offense,
chinaâ il viso, e tanto il tenni basso,
fin che âl poeta mi disse: “Che pense?”.
Quando rispuosi, cominciai: “Oh lasso,
quanti dolci pensier, quanto disio
menò costoro al doloroso passo!”.
Poi mi rivolsi a loro e parlaâ io,
e cominciai: “Francesca, i tuoi martĂŹri
a lagrimar mi fanno tristo e pio.
Ma dimmi: al tempo dâi dolci sospiri,
a che e come concedette amore
che conosceste i dubbiosi disiri?”.
E quella a me: “Nessun maggior dolore
che ricordarsi del tempo felice
ne la miseria; e ciò sa ’l tuo dottore.
Ma sâa conoscer la prima radice
del nostro amor tu hai cotanto affetto,
dirò come colui che piange e dice.
Noi leggiavamo un giorno per diletto
di Lancialotto come amor lo strinse;
soli eravamo e sanza alcun sospetto.
Per piĂš fĂŻate li occhi ci sospinse
quella lettura, e scolorocci il viso;
ma solo un punto fu quel che ci vinse.
Quando leggemmo il disĂŻato riso
esser basciato da cotanto amante,
questi, che mai da me non fia diviso,
la bocca mi basciò tutto tremante.
Galeotto fu âl libro e chi lo scrisse:
quel giorno piĂš non vi leggemmo avante”.
Mentre che l’uno spirto questo disse,
l’altro piangĂŤa; sĂŹ che di pietade
io venni men cosĂŹ com’io morisse.
E caddi come corpo morto cade.\ The music in this episode is Lamento della Ninfa from Monteverdi’s Madrigali Guerrieri et Amorosi, sung by Daphne Ramakers (under creative commons). -
Today we read Era âl giorno châal sol si scoloraro, by Girolamo Malipiero.
The influence of Petrarch on Italian poetry can only be understated, and yet it still surprising sometimes to see the lengths to which some later poets went in their dialogue with him.
In the early 1500s a Venetian friar, Girolamo Malipiero, decided that his poetic master had been in error to dedicate so much of his art to sing his secular love, and took it upon himself to turn Petrarchâs sonnets into a more proper, religious form. The process entailed taking a sonnet from the Canzoniere, keeping one or a few verses unchanged (typically the first), keeping also all the rhyme words, but then rewrite the rest as a devotional poem.
It is unfortunate that I havenât prepared yet a page for the original of the sonnet Iâm presenting now, but it can be read here.
In the original, Petrarch describes his fateful first encounter with Laura, when he fell in love with her and the story told in his Canzoniere started. He sees her, and his defenses against Love are down, so Love binds him in a net of sorrows to come.
Both sonnets start with the same two lines, describing how the meeting happened âwhen the sun lost his light because of its pain for his makerâ â a roundabout way to refer to the Passion of Christ. It was Good Friday, April 6, 1327.
What for Petrarch was the start of a secular love story, in Malipiero becomes the religious conversion: looking at Jesus on the Cross, he becomes prisoner of the Greatest Love.
The original:
Era âl giorno châal sol si scoloraro
per la pietĂ del suo fattore i rai,
quando in croce IesĂš fisso guardai
sĂŹ che suoi dolci lacci mi legaro.
Tempo non mi parea da far riparo
contra colpi del ciel, però mâandai
pregion del sommo Amor, onde i miei guai
allor per vecchi errori incominciaro.
Trovommi Dio del senso disarmato,
e sol la via per gli occhi aperta al core,
châeran fatti di lagrime uscio e varco.
Sia dunque a te, Signor, gloria et onore,
che mi hai condotto a sĂŹ felice stato,
châio gusti il dolce stral del tuo forte arco.\ The music in this episode is Domenico Scarlatti’s Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K.32, recorded by Sylvia Marlowe (in the public domain). -
Today we read Tutti in maschera, by Emilio Praga.
It might come as a surprise that the author of the sonnet about Godâs implied approval and forgiveness of free love that we have previously published would also write religious poetry.
And yet here we are. Praga vehemently reprimands those who complain that God doesnât show himself directly: do they expect to be able to see him naked, as if he were a prostitute who can be bought for a few coins?
Besides, men also hide behind a mask, never showing their true face. Instead of wanting God to be more forthcoming than us, we should be grateful that he allows us our masks: how horrible would it be to see whatâs behindâŚ
The poem is written in settenari, alternatingly with eight (sdruccioli) and seven (piani) syllables. The piani ones rhyme two by two.
The original:
Uom, tu che nasci in maschera,
e mascherato muori,
osi insultar, se incognito
è anch’esso il Dio, che adori?
Vorresti tu conoscerlo
ed affisarlo ignudo,
come una compra femmina,
o il conio di uno scudo?
Ma tu, da culla a feretro
lasci un sol dĂŹ il mantello?
Ardisci mostrar l’indole
del cuore e del cervello?
Dio che a ragione, o tanghero,
di te piÚ furbo è assai,
t’acqueta, la sua maschera
non lascerĂ giammai.
E tu in ginocchio pregalo
che ci lasci la nostra,
perchĂŠ sarebbe orribile
l’anima messa in mostra!
\ The music in this episode is Vivaldi’s Credo in Unum Deum, RV 591, played by Advent Chamber Orchestra (under Creative Commons). -
Today we read Per lei, by Giorgio Caproni.
Giorgio Caproniâs mother, Anna (or rather Annina, as he fondly calls her), died in 1950, when he was 38. The collection âIl seme del piangereâ (The seed of crying), published nine years later, is not only dedicated to her, but puts her at the center as a protagonist.
This poem is both a reflection on Annaâs personality, and a declaration of poetics: his mother was straightforward, honest, clear, simple, and so, in describing her, he wants to use simple language, straightforward rhymes, open sounds.
The resulting composition is technically masterful and at the same time refreshingly light and musical.
The original:
Per lei voglio rime chiare,
usuali: in -are.
Rime magari vietate,
ma aperte: ventilate.
Rime coi suoni fini
(di mare) dei suoi orecchini.
O che abbiano, coralline,
le tinte delle sue collanine.
Rime che a distanza
(Annina era cosĂ schietta)
conservino l’eleganza
povera, ma altrettanto netta.
Rime che non siano labili,
anche se orecchiabili.
Rime non crepuscolari,
ma verdi, elementari.\ The music in this episode is Vivaldi’s Double Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 3 No. 11, played by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with David Parry and Roxana Pavel Goldstein (under creative commons from the Al Goldstein collection). -
Today we read Care selve, a voi ritorno, by Apostolo Zeno.
The heroine of the last story of Boccaccioâs Decameron (and of Chaucerâs The Clerkâs Tale) is put through quite the ordeal. Her husband, in order to test her, first asks her to give up their two children so they can be put to death. Then, even though she complied, she is told that he obtained Papal dispensation to divorce her, and is sent away.
This libretto by poet Apostolo Zeno recounts that same tale, and became a huge success at the time. It was put to music by several high-profile composers, among which Albinoni, Scarlatti and Vivaldi.
In this brief extract, the exiled Griselda has arrived to her fatherâs place. She looks at the familiar surroundings, noting that nothing seems changed, and yet she is different, because of her love for her husband. It blossomed right there, and the memories threaten to overwhelm her.
I particularly enjoy here the transition from the regular, simple and lulling pattern of the ottonari in the aria to the more complex, discursive and expressive rhythm of the recitativo.
The original:
Care selve, a voi ritorno
sventurata pastorella.
Ă pur quello il patrio monte;
questa è pur l’amica fonte,
e sol io non son piĂš quella.
Se la dolce memoria
del perduto mio bene
bastasse a consolar l’alma dolente;
qui spererei conforto, ove col nome
del mio Gualtiero impressi
mi ricordan diletti i tronchi istessi.
Ma che? nel rivedervi, o patrie selve,
ove nacque il mio foco,
cresce l’affanno; e qui spietato, e rio
mi condanna il destino
a pascer di memorie il dolor mio.
Andiam, Griselda, andiamo,
ove il rustico letto in nude paglie
stanca m’invita a riposar per poco.
E lĂ scordando al fine,
Gualtier non giĂ , ma la real grandezza,
al silenzio, e a la pace il duolo avvezza.\ The music in this episode is Lamento della Ninfa from Monteverdi’s Madrigali Guerrieri et Amorosi, sung by Daphne Ramakers (under creative commons). -
Today we read Funere mersit acerbo, by Giosuè Carducci.
Carducciâs brother, Dante, committed suicide in 1857 â although some say he was actually killed by their father during a particularly violent fight.
When his son was born, some twenty years later, the poet called him Dante, certainly in memory of his uncle, but likely also as an homage to the divin poeta, Dante Alighieri.
This sonnet was written in 1970, a few months after the death of his son at the age of three. Carducci asks his brother, who is sleeping on a hill beside their father, if he heard a cry. It was his son, he says, who is now knocking on his uncleâs door, joining him in the cold world of the dead.
His request is to welcome him and guide him. He is, after all, only a boy, who was just now playing in the garden, and must surely be looking around for the light of the sun, and for his mother.
The title of the poem is not Italian, but Latin. Itâs a chilling quote from Virgil, when he describes Aeneasâs descent to the Underworld, and his meeting with the souls of dead young children stolen from their mothersâ breasts.
A more dramatic reading of this poem by noted actor Arnoldo FoĂ is available on YouTube.
The original:
O tu che dormi lĂ su la fiorita
collina tosca, e ti sta il padre a canto;
non hai tra l’erbe del sepolcro udita
pur ora una gentil voce di pianto?
Ă il fanciulletto mio, che a la romita
tua porta batte: ei che nel grande e santo
nome te rinnovava, anch’ei la vita
fugge, o fratel, che a te fu amara tanto.
Ahi no! giocava per le pinte aiole,
e arriso pur di vision leggiadre
l’ombra l’avvolse, ed a le fredde e sole
vostre rive lo spinse. Oh, giĂš ne l’adre
sedi accoglilo tu, chè al dolce sole
ei volge il capo ed a chiamar la madre.\ The music in this episode is Alessandro Marcello’s Oboe Concerto in D minor, S. Z799, recorded by the Orchestre de chambre de la Sarre (in the public domain). -
Today we read Didone abbandonata, by Pietro Metastasio.
In perhaps the most famous episode of the Aeneid, the titular hero and his companions, stranded, are rescued by Dido. She falls in love with Aeneas, who reciprocates but subsequently abandons her in order to fulfill his destiny and eventually found Rome.
There are plenty of musical renditions of the episode. This brief extract is from Metastasio’s first ever opera, and shows us a grieving Aeneas, in love with the queen but at the same time feeling he is letting down his companions by remaining in Carthage. Damned if he stays, and damn if he leaves.
Or, as Jimmy Durante put it, quoted in the immortal Meet Joe Black,
Did you ever have the feeling that you wanted to go,
But still had the feeling that you wanted to stay.The original:
Se resto sul lido,
se sciolgo le vele,
infido, crudele
mi sento chiamar.
E intanto, confuso
nel dubbio funesto,
non parto, non resto,
ma provo il martĂre,
che avrei nel partire,
che avrei nel restar.\ The music in this episode is De Torrente, from Vivaldi’s Dixit Dominus (RV 807), played by Cor i Orquestra de mĂşsica antiga de l’Esmuc, InĂŠs Alonso (soprano solista), Albert Baena (alto solista), LluĂs Vila (director) (in the creative commons thanks to the Catalonia College of Music). -
Today we read Sdegna Clorinda a i femminili uffici, by Petronilla Paolini Massimi.
This sonnet belongs to the long tradition of poems by outspoken women that have no qualms in claiming their complete equality with men.
Petronilla Paolini Massimi uses two literary examples to support her stance.The first quatrain is dedicated to Clorinda, a heroine-warrior in the super-famous poem La Gerusalemme Liberata by Torquato Tasso.
The second extols the intellectual prowess of Amalasonta, the daughter of Theodoric.
Her conclusion is clear: since Nature gives women the same abilities that it gives to men, it is men that deny women their due.
One cannot blame Petronilla for the strength of her denunciation: she lived a very unhappy life. Married off at the appalling age of ten to the instigator of the killer of her father, she was forced to live in Castel SantâAngelo, literally a prison at the time, while all she wanted was to study literature and philosophy in a convent.
The original:
Sdegna Clorinda a i femminili uffici
chinar la destra, e sotto l’elmo accoglie
i biondi crini e con guerriere voglie
fa del proprio valor pompa a i nemici.
CosĂŹ gli alti natali e i lieti auspici
e gli aurei tetti e le regali spoglie
nulla curando, Amalasonta coglie
de’ fecondi Licei lauri felici.
Mente capace d’ogni nobil cura
ha il nostro sesso: or qual potente inganno
dall’imprese d’onor l’alme ne fura?
So ben che i fati a noi guerra non fanno,
nĂŠ i suoi doni contende a noi natura:
sol del nostro valor l’uomo è tiranno. \ The music in this episode is Vivaldi’s Credo in Unum Deum, RV 591, played by Advent Chamber Orchestra (under Creative Commons). -
Today we read Sventatezza, by Antonia Pozzi.
War would seem to be mentioned only offhand in this bittersweet poem about a daughter’s memory of a hike with her father, when she was still a young child.
But the two landmarks evoked here, the Montello Hill and the Piave River, were the setting of some of the worst fighting endured by Italy during War World I.
Her father is telling her about it from a “nook” in the ground (that is, a trench), where the grass is sharp, and the roots are still drinking drops of blood.
But the little girl is impatient, her legs are restless, itching for a run. All she wants to do is sprint out and gather some blackberries, carefree.
The original:
Ricordo un pomeriggio di settembre,
sul Montello. Io, ancora una bambina,
col trecciolino smilzo ed un prurito
di pazze corse su per le ginocchia.
Mio padre, rannicchiato dentro un andito
scavato in un rialzo del terreno,
mi additava attraverso una fessura
il Piave e le colline; mi parlava
della guerra, di sĂŠ, dei suoi soldati.
Nell’ombra, l’erba gelida e affilata
mi sfiorava i polpacci: sotto terra,
le radici succhiavan forse ancora
qualche goccia di sangue. Ma io ardevo
dal desiderio di scattare fuori,
nell’invadente sole, per raccogliere
un pugnetto di more da una siepe.\ The music in this episode is Domenico Scarlatti’s Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K.32, recorded by Sylvia Marlowe (in the public domain). -
Today we read Eri dritta e felice, by Leonardo Sinisgalli.
In general I prefer poems that have a clear metrical structure, but sometimes one comes along that will catch my attention even without. Such is the case with these verses by Leonardo Sinisgalli.
The poem opens with the verb âto beâ, in the past tense. This is a poem of memory. Of childhood, as we learn later, or at least one assumes so, because the poet and his female friend are portrayed walking around the fields barefoot.
So, in the past, she was straight and happy, standing at the threashold of a house that didnât restrain her, but was rather the starting point for their adventures together, in a landscape of sun and light.
This probably means that she is not straight now, but bent; and that itâs not summer (the season of wasps) anymore. But the memory is still blinding with light.
The ending of the poem, though without rhymes, is all a play of assonances and consonances and similar devices (midolla/allora, fossi/sassi, ardore/sole).
It is also striking how the poem manages to be both intimate and detached: the author uses the impersonal si (âoneâ) instead of âweâ, as if he was observing her from afar.
The original:
Eri dritta e felice
sulla porta che il vento
apriva alla campagna.
Intrisa di luce
stavi ferma nel giorno,
al tempo delle vespe dâoro
quando al sambuco
si fanno dolci le midolla.
Allora sâandava scalzi
per i fossi, si misurava lâardore
del sole dalle impronte
lasciate sui sassi.\ The music in this episode is Alessandro Marcello’s Oboe Concerto in D minor, S. Z799, recorded by the Orchestre de chambre de la Sarre (in the public domain). - Laat meer zien
