Afleveringen
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Step into the sandals of a common legionary in Julius Caesar's army. This episode follows the journey of a typical recruit from the Italian countryside, through training under the vicious centurions, to the brutal realities of siege warfare at Avaricum and the mud and blood of Pharsalus. We explore the daily grind of marching 20 miles in full kit, the meager pay of 120 denarii a year, and the profound bond that made the Tenth Legion unbeatable. Then we follow one real soldier, recorded in an inscription now in a German museum, who served for 22 years and died on the frontier. Lucas and Luna unpack what it meant to be a cog in Caesar's war machine — the loyalty, the terror, the rewards, and the silence that followed when the legionaries were disbanded with nothing but land grants and memories. A ground-level view of the army that destroyed the Republic.#Legionary #RomanArmy #JuliusCaesar #TenthLegion #Centurion #Avaricum #Pharsalus #RomanRepublic #MilitaryHistory #AncientRome #SiegeWarfare #RomanSoldier #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast #AncientWarfare #RomanLegion #LegioXKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode of Julius Caesar: The Man Who Destroyed the Roman Republic, Lucas and Luna explore the radical reforms Caesar enacted during his dictatorship—land redistribution for veterans, the extension of Roman citizenship to Transpadane Gaul, and the restructuring of provincial governance. They discuss how these measures, while popular with the masses, alienated the senatorial elite and accelerated the Republic's collapse. Specific topics include the lex Iulia de agris, the settlement of Capua, the enfranchisement of Cisalpine Gaul, and Caesar's overhaul of the calendar. Drawing on ancient sources like Appian, Dio Cassius, and Suetonius, the hosts examine the tension between populist reform and autocratic power. The episode also touches on the practical challenges of resettling 100,000 veterans and the long-term consequences of Caesar's policies for the Roman Empire.#JuliusCaesar #RomanRepublic #DictatorPerpetuo #LexIulia #LandReform #Citizenship #CisalpineGaul #TranspadaneGaul #RomanVeterans #Capua #CalendarReform #Appian #DioCassius #Suetonius #Populares #Optimates #History #FexingoHistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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Before he crossed the Rubicon and after he became dictator, Julius Caesar reshaped Rome's economy as radically as its politics. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Caesar's monetary reforms: his massive minting of gold and silver coinage to pay his legions, the introduction of the gold aureus as a standard, his debt relief laws that alienated the optimates, the census reforms that expanded the tax base, and the land redistribution that funded his veterans. They discuss how Caesar centralised minting under his own authority, stripping the Senate's traditional control, and how his coinage became a propaganda tool — his portrait on the obverse, Venus or his symbols on the reverse. The episode also covers his regulation of interest rates, his ban on hoarding cash, and the long-term impact of his financial policies on the Imperial economy. Specific figures include the denarius, aureus, sestertius, and the lex Iulia de pecuniis mutuis. A nuanced look at how Caesar's fiscal revolution financed his dictatorship and laid the groundwork for the Augustan principate.#Caesar #RomanEconomy #Denarius #Aureus #LexIuliaDePecuniisMutuis #Mint #DebtRelief #Coinage #Propaganda #RomanRepublic #Dictator #Census #LandReform #Veterans #MonetaryPolicy #History #FexingoHistory #AncientRomeKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode of Julius Caesar: The Man Who Destroyed the Roman Republic, we pick up the story of Caesarion—Ptolemy XV Caesar—the son of Caesar and Cleopatra VII. Born in 47 BC, Caesarion was Cleopatra's co-ruler and the intended heir to a united Roman-Egyptian empire. We trace his childhood in Alexandria, his mother's political maneuvering to secure his legitimacy, and the propaganda war with Octavian that painted Caesarion as a threat. After Cleopatra's suicide in 30 BC, Caesarion was betrayed by his tutor and executed on Octavian's orders, ending the Ptolemaic dynasty. We also look at the recent discovery of a possible dedication to Caesarion at the Temple of Hathor in Dendera, and what it reveals about his brief life. This episode covers the political stakes of Caesar's bloodline, the role of the eunuch Rhodon, and the alternative history that vanished with Caesarion's death.#Caesarion #PtolemyXVCaesar #CleopatraVII #JuliusCaesar #Octavian #PtolemaicDynasty #Alexandria #Dendera #Rhodon #BattleOfActium #AncientEgypt #RomanRepublic #History #FexingoHistory #AncientHistory #Podcast #CaesarHeir #PtolemyKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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This episode explores the life and tragic death of Caesarion, the son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra VII. We delve into his birth in Alexandria, his status as a potential heir to both Roman and Egyptian thrones, and his role in Cleopatra's political ambitions. After Caesar's assassination, Caesarion was sent to India for safety but was recalled and executed by Octavian at age 17. The episode examines the historical sources, including Strabo and Plutarch, and the romanticized accounts of his escape. We discuss the political implications of Caesarion's existence for Octavian's rise to power and the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The story highlights the ruthless nature of Roman succession and the personal toll of empire-building.#Caesarion #CleopatraVII #PtolemaicDynasty #Octavian #Alexandria #RomanRepublic #JuliusCaesar #Egypt #Strabo #Plutarch #Amanirenas #Meroe #Parthia #Kush #Actium #History #FexingoHistory #AncientWorldKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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Julius Caesar understood that power in Rome was won as much through words and images as through legions. This episode explores how Caesar crafted his public persona: from the Commentarii de Bello Gallico, which he wrote as self-serving war dispatches read aloud in the Forum, to his portrait coinage — the first living Roman to appear on a denarius — and the monumental building projects that reshaped the physical city. Lucas and Luna discuss the statues of Caesar in temples, his use of the title imperator as a permanent name, and the symbolism of his ivory statue carried in processions alongside Jupiter. They examine the Counter-Propaganda from Cato and Cicero, and how Caesar's image-making paved the way for Augustus's more subtle imperial cult. A fascinating look at how one man spun the fall of a republic into his own legend.#JuliusCaesar #RomanPropaganda #CommentariiDeBelloGallico #Denarius #RomanCoinage #Imperator #CatoTheYounger #Cicero #RomanArt #RomanArchitecture #ForumRomanum #TempleOfVenusGenetrix #RomanRepublic #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory #History #Propaganda #CaesarKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the legendary Legio X Equestris, Julius Caesar's most trusted and battle-hardened legion. From its formation in 58 BCE during the Gallic Wars to its pivotal role at the battles of the Sambre, Gergovia, Alesia, and Ilerda, the Tenth Legion was Caesar's instrument of conquest. We discuss its unique symbol—the bull—its recruitment from Roman citizens in Cisalpine Gaul, and the fierce loyalty that made it both unstoppable and terrifying. We also touch on the legion's mutiny in 49 BCE, when Caesar famously addressed his soldiers as 'Quirites' (citizens) to shame them back into line, and the legion's eventual disbandment after his assassination. The episode examines the relationship between a general and his men, the role of the centurion, and the brutal realities of legionary life. Finally, we consider the legacy of the Tenth Legion as a symbol of Caesar's military genius and his threat to the Republic.#JuliusCaesar #LegioX #RomanLegion #GallicWars #BattleOfAlesia #BattleOfIlerda #RomanArmy #Centurion #Mutiny #Caesar #RomanRepublic #MilitaryHistory #CisalpineGaul #SPQR #AncientRome #History #FexingoHistory #RomanConquestKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In January 49 BCE, the Roman Senate took the unprecedented step of declaring Julius Caesar a public enemy. This episode takes you inside the chamber on that fateful day, when Cicero, Cato, and the optimates drew a line in the sand. We explore the legal mechanics of the senatus consultum ultimum, the tribunician veto that failed, and the moment Caesar's allies fled Rome. What followed was not just a civil war—it was the collapse of a constitutional order. We also examine how the Senate's own propaganda backfired, turning Caesar into a reluctant hero in the eyes of the urban plebs. This is the untold story of the decree that made the Rubicon crossing inevitable.#JuliusCaesar #RomanRepublic #Senate #Cicero #CatoTheYounger #Rubicon #SenatusConsultumUltimum #TribunicianVeto #Optimates #Populares #MarkAntony #Cassius #CivilWar #January49BCE #RomanHistory #AncientRome #History #FexingoHistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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This episode explores Julius Caesar's policy of clementia Caesaris — his strategic use of pardons and mercy toward defeated enemies. We trace its origins in the Civil War, from Corfinium to Pharsalus, and examine how it won him allies like Cicero while enraging hardliners like Cato. We also look at the psychological impact on the Roman elite, the limits of clemency when applied to men like Labienus and Metellus Scipio, and how this very policy may have blinded Caesar to the conspiracy that killed him. Featuring discussions of clementia as political theater, the contrast with Sulla's proscriptions, and the tension between mercy and the old republican ethos of implacable enmity. Perfect for listeners who want to understand the nuanced tools Caesar used to dismantle the Republic — not just with armies, but with calculated forgiveness.#ClementiaCaesaris #JuliusCaesar #RomanRepublic #CivilWar #Cicero #CatoTheYounger #Corfinium #Pharsalus #Labienus #MetellusScipio #Sulla #Proscriptions #Pardon #Cooptation #AncientRome #HistoryPodcast #FexingoHistory #DictatorshipKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In 45 BCE, Julius Caesar faced his last and most desperate battle at Munda in southern Spain. This episode explores how the war against Pompey's sons, Gnaeus and Sextus Pompeius, nearly cost Caesar his victory. We discuss the strategic importance of Hispania, the composition of the Pompeian army with its veterans and Iberian tribesmen, and the brutal close-quarters fighting that turned the tide. We also delve into Caesar's personal leadership on the field, the aftermath including the siege of Corduba, and how the battle cemented Caesar's dictatorship. The episode touches on the political fallout, Caesar's clemency and its limits, and his return to Rome for his fifth triumph. A fresh angle on Caesar's civil war, focusing on the Spanish front and the final confrontation that killed the Republic.#BattleOfMunda #Hispania #GnaeusPompeius #SextusPompeius #QuintusFabiusMaximus #Corduba #Caesarians #Pompeians #RomanCivilWar #IberianWarriors #Caesar #LegioX #DictatorPerpetuo #RomanTriumph #Clementia #AncientRome #History #FexingoHistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In 46 BCE, Julius Caesar staged the most extravagant triumph Rome had ever seen — a four-day celebration of his victories in Gaul, Egypt, Pontus, and Africa. This episode dives into the politics, pageantry, and propaganda behind the event. Lucas and Luna explore how Caesar used the triumph to display his power, parade his captives (including Vercingetorix and Cleopatra's sister Arsinoe), and introduce innovations like the first-ever elephant procession. They discuss the senatorial backlash, the astronomical cost, and how the triumph set the stage for Caesar's dictatorship. Along the way, they examine the religious rites of the pompa triumphalis, the role of the lictors, and the controversial display of the Pontic victory sign 'Veni, vidi, vici'. The episode also touches on Caesar's refusal to wear a crown during the festivities, a move that fooled no one. With fresh details from primary sources like Plutarch and Appian, this episode offers a vivid look at a defining moment in Roman history.#JuliusCaesar #RomanTriumph #Vercingetorix #ArsinoeIV #VeniVidiVici #PompaTriumphalis #RomanRepublic #DictatorPerpetuo #Lictors #Plutarch #Appian #Pontus #Gaul #Cleopatra #CaesarianPropaganda #AncientRome #History #FexingoHistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Caesar's African campaign, the final phase of the civil war against the remnants of Pompeian resistance. They focus on the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BCE, where Caesar faced a coalition led by Metellus Scipio, Cato the Younger, and King Juba I of Numidia. The conversation covers the strategic challenges of fighting in North Africa, the role of elephants in the battle, and the brutal aftermath when Caesar's clemency policy reached its limits. They also discuss Cato's suicide at Utica and the political fallout that paved the way for Caesar's dictatorship. Key figures include Caesar, Scipio, Cato, Juba, Labienus, and the Tenth Legion. The episode examines how this victory, though decisive, accelerated the collapse of republican institutions.#JuliusCaesar #BattleOfThapsus #RomanCivilWar #CatoTheYounger #MetellusScipio #KingJuba #Numidia #NorthAfrica #RomanLegion #ElephantsInWar #Utica #CaesarsClemency #RomanRepublic #46BCE #AncientHistory #RomanHistory #History #FexingoHistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In 44 BCE, Julius Caesar was preparing the largest military campaign Rome had ever seen—an invasion of the Parthian Empire. This episode explores the grand strategy behind Caesar's planned Parthian war, the logistical buildup, the intelligence gathered, and the geopolitical stakes. We discuss Parthia's military power, Caesar's motive to avenge Crassus and secure his legacy, the route through Anatolia and Armenia, and the role of potential allies like the Jewish king Hyrcanus II. We also consider what might have happened if Caesar had lived: would he have conquered Parthia? How would that have changed Roman history? And why did the conspirators choose the Ides of March, just days before his departure? Join Lucas and Luna as they delve into the greatest Roman campaign that never happened.#History #FexingoHistory #JuliusCaesar #Parthia #RomanEmpire #Crassus #Pacorus #Brutus #IdesOfMarch #Mithridates #Pharnaces #HyrcanusII #Herod #ArtavasdesII #Armenia #Euphrates #RomanArmy #LegionKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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Lucas and Luna go behind the scenes of one of history's most famous assassinations. In the months before the Ides of March, a small group of senators — including Gaius Cassius Longinus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus — met in secret to plan Julius Caesar's murder. Lucas reveals how the conspirators gathered support, debated sparing Mark Antony, and chose the Theatre of Pompey as the killing ground. He explains why Brutus, a man Caesar had pardoned and promoted, became the conspiracy's moral figurehead. The episode also explores the overlooked role of Decimus Brutus, a close friend of Caesar who betrayed him, and the moment Cassius convinced the hesitant Brutus to strike. Drawing on ancient sources like Nicolaus of Damascus and Appian, Lucas pieces together the covert meetings, the fears of discovery, and the fatal decisions that led to the dictator's fall. A fresh look at the human drama behind the assassination.#JuliusCaesar #IdesOfMarch #MarcusJuniusBrutus #GaiusCassiusLonginus #DecimusJuniusBrutusAlbinus #TheatreOfPompey #RomanSenate #Assassination #RomanRepublic #NicolausOfDamascus #Appian #Plutarch #Suetonius #MarkAntony #CuriaOfPompey #DictatorPerpetuo #History #FexingoHistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In 55 BCE, Julius Caesar committed an act that shocked Rome and tarnished his reputation: the massacre of two Germanic tribes, the Usipetes and Tencteri, during peace negotiations. This episode examines the events leading up to the slaughter, the political fallout in Rome, and how Caesar justified his actions in his Commentaries. We explore the tribes' migration, the Battle of the Sambre-like confrontation that never happened, and the role of Cato the Younger in condemning Caesar. The episode also delves into the ethical questions of Roman expansionism and the manipulation of 'barbarian' stereotypes. How did Caesar turn a massacre into a propaganda victory? And what did his actions reveal about the dying Republic?#JuliusCaesar #Usipetes #Tencteri #Germania #RomanRepublic #CatoTheYounger #CommentariiDeBelloGallico #Massacre #Propaganda #Rhine #BattleOfTheSambre #GallicWars #Rome #Barbarians #Ethics #History #FexingoHistory #AncientRomeKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the pivotal moment when Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon River in 49 BCE, sparking a civil war that ended the Roman Republic. They discuss the legal and political stakes, the defiance of the Senate's ultimatum, the famous anecdote of 'the die is cast,' and the immediate aftermath as Caesar marched on Rome. The episode examines the reactions of key figures like Pompey, Cicero, and Cato, and how this single act transformed Caesar from a successful general into a revolutionary dictator. Specific details include the location of the Rubicon, the composition of Legio XIII, and the constitutional crisis around the lex Cornelia de maiestate. The conversation also touches on the historical sources: Suetonius, Plutarch, and Appian, and how their accounts differ on what Caesar actually said. A fresh angle for a show that has covered many aspects of Caesar's life, this episode focuses on the constitutional and psychological turning point of the civil war.#Rubicon #JuliusCaesar #RomanCivilWar #LegioXIII #Pompey #Cicero #CatoTheYounger #DictatorPerpetuo #RomanRepublic #CrossingTheRubicon #AleaActaEst #Suetonius #Plutarch #Appian #LexCorneliaDeMaiestate #History #FexingoHistory #MediterraneanKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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This episode dives into the fierce political rivalry between Julius Caesar and Cato the Younger, the stoic senator who saw Caesar as a mortal threat to the Republic. We explore Cato's early opposition during the Catilinarian Conspiracy, his role in blocking Caesar's triumphs and land reforms, and his dramatic stand in Utica after the Battle of Thapsus in 46 BCE. We also discuss how Cato's suicide turned him into a martyr for the Optimates, and how Caesar's 'Clementia' (mercy) was weaponized by Cato to undermine the dictator's legitimacy. Key figures include Cicero, Pompey, and Bibulus. This episode covers the political tactics, philosophical clash, and personal hatred that defined the end of the Roman Republic.#JuliusCaesar #CatoTheYounger #RomanRepublic #Optimates #Populares #CatilinarianConspiracy #BattleOfThapsus #Utica #Clementia #Stoicism #Cicero #Pompey #Bibulus #CivilWar #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory #RomanHistory #HistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Julius Caesar's extraordinary engineering feats, focusing on his bridge across the Rhine River built in 55 BCE, the massive siegeworks at Alesia and Avaricum, and the military logistics that made his campaigns possible. They discuss the design and construction of the wooden pile bridge, completed in just ten days by Legio X and other units, and how it served as a demonstration of Roman power to the Germanic tribes. The conversation also covers Caesar's use of circumvallation and contravallation at Alesia, the innovative siege towers and earthworks at Avaricum, and the role of military engineers (architecti) and legions in these projects. Along the way, they touch on the political and strategic motivations behind these marvels, including Caesar's need to impress Rome and intimidate enemies. The episode includes a brief donation segment acknowledging listener support for ad-free history.#JuliusCaesar #RomanEngineering #RhineBridge #Alesia #Avaricum #LegioX #RomanMilitary #SiegeWarfare #Circumvallation #GermanicTribes #RomanCivilWar #PonsCaesaris #GallicWars #RomanLegions #AncientEngineering #History #FexingoHistory #MilitaryLogisticsKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In 55 BCE, Julius Caesar crossed the Rhine into Germania, but his most brutal act came against two German tribes seeking refuge in Gaul: the Usipetes and the Tencteri. In this episode, Lucas and Luna examine the controversial massacre of over 400,000 Germans, Caesar's self-justification in the Commentarii, and the political fallout in Rome. We explore the diplomatic negotiations, the surprise attack, the role of Caesar's Germanic cavalry, and the accusations of oath-breaking that followed him. This event foreshadowed Caesar's later dictatorial methods and raises questions about the line between military pragmatism and atrocity. Along the way, we discuss the logistics of Roman warfare, the shifting alliances on the Rhine frontier, and how Roman historians like Plutarch, Suetonius, and Dio Cassius reported the event. A deep dive into one of Caesar's darkest episodes.#JuliusCaesar #Usipetes #Tencteri #Germania #Rhine #CommentariiDeBelloGallico #RomanRepublic #Massacre #AncientHistory #RomanMilitary #CatoTheYounger #Plutarch #Suetonius #DioCassius #Ariovistus #Suebi #FexingoHistory #HistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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In this episode, Lucas and Luna pick up after Caesar's assassination of Pompey and his arrival in Alexandria in 48 BCE. They explore the complex web of Ptolemaic politics, Caesar's alliance with Cleopatra VII, the brutal Alexandrian War, and the famous burning of the Library of Alexandria. The conversation covers key figures like Pothinus, Achillas, Arsinoe IV, and the Gabiniani, as well as the military tactics that saved Caesar's life. They also discuss the birth of Caesarion and the lasting cultural impact of this campaign, including the creation of the Julian calendar.#JuliusCaesar #Cleopatra #AlexandrianWar #LibraryOfAlexandria #PtolemaicEgypt #RomanRepublic #PharosLighthouse #BellumAlexandrinum #Caesarion #Pothinus #ArsinoeIV #Gabiniani #AncientHistory #FexingoHistory #RomanHistory #EgyptianHistory #Caesar #HistoryKeep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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