Afleveringen
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Opinio Juris - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkR4j43Qmms
Pacta Sunt Servanda - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPftp4WnmVQ
Sources of International Law - https://youtu.be/xxCGE8fpVE0
Telegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoon
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Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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Opinio Juris - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TkR4j43Qmms
Pacta Sunt Servanda - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CPftp4WnmVQ
Telegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoon
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This episode discusses the concept of Jus Cogens in International Law.
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This Episode explains the meaning of the Oldest Doctrine in Public International Law, Pacta Sunt Servanda, its relevance and exceptions.
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Latin Term тАУ Meaning тАУ тАЬOpinion that an act is necessary by rule of lawтАЭ or opinion of law. It is considered to be a belief that the practice is obligatory. This belief in the mandatory nature the conduct or practice may be termed Opinio Juris.
Importance and Relevance тАУ To decide whether a custom has become a source of International Law or not.
What is Custom?
тАШCustomтАЩ is one of the many sources of International Law. It means a long established and commonly adopted practice that has acquired the force of law.
Also finds mention in Article 38 (b) of the ICJ Statute that states that International Courts must apply international customs in their decisions, wherever possible and wherever it is a general practice accepted as law either in domestic laws or treaties or international agreements.
Three types тАУ general, regional and local.
General Customs are followed in most of the places and jurisdictions.
Regional Customs are followed in a particular region. North America may have its own Regional Customs distinct from South America or Asia.
Local Customs have limited influence in a geographical area. India Pakistan and Sri Lanka may have a local custom that may not be followed anywhere else.
The existence of a custom can be deduced from the practice and behaviour of states. Such custom becomes part of International Law when it is a State Practice and opinio juris.
State Practice + Opinio Juris = New Customary Rule of International Law
Four Steps
1. Establish existence usage of a practice or conduct.
2. Existence of State Practice
3. Existence of Opinio Juris
4. 1 +2 + 3 = New Custom
If all three are present, the practice or conduct becomes a new customary rule of International Law.
1. Step 1 - How to establish existence of usage of a practice or conduct? When a country contends existence of a practice or conduct, it usually gives evidence in form of newspaper reports, statements by government leaders, mentions particular provisions in some law.
2. Step 2 - If such an existence is established, then the next step is to look into State Practice. State Practice simply means how states behave in practice. This practice can be found in their legislation, judicial decisions, administrative acts, official publications, treaties etc. Basically, it covers any act or statements by a state from which its existence as a customary law may be inferred.
3. Step 3 - Once State Practice is established, then the presence of opinio juris is to be seen. To ascertain such presence of Opinio Juris, the behaviour of the state towards that conduct or practice is seen. If the states make that practice or conduct legally obligatory or codify it or make it a legal right, then that conduct, or practice can be said to satisfy the ingredients of тАШOpinio JurisтАЩ
4. Step 4 - If existence of usage of a practice or conduct satisfies the dual requirements of State Practice and Opinio Juris, it becomes a valid тАШcustomтАЩ in International Law and the Court may decide accordingly.
Issues faced by the Court in deciding presence of Opinio Juris
1. Countries may exert pressure to make a practice a custom but views of countries with greater power does carry greater weight as politics or power cannot be divorced from law.
2. Unsubstantiated and unilateral claim by a state regarding existence of a custom cannot be accepted. It is the international context that plays a vital role in the creation of custom.
3. Unsubstantiated and unilateral claim by a state regarding the existence of a custom are not accepted. It is the international context that plays a vital role in the creation of custom.
4. In new areas of law, Opinio Juris may be quickly or even instantaneously established because of the newness of the situation involved and lack of contrary rules. However, in traditional areas of law, it is more difficult to establish a custom as it has to be done through series of usages. Custom should mirror the perception of the majority of states.
Important Case Laws
1. Lotus Case
2. North Sea Continental Shelf Cases
3. Nicaragua v. United States
4. Germany v. Italy
5. Asylum Case (Peru v. Colombia)
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1. 1958 тАУ The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) is an office of the U.N. Secretariat that promotes and facilitates peaceful international cooperation in outer space. It is part of the UN that was established in the year 1945. If aliens actually visit the Earth, this will be the competent organization to deal with the same. Visionary approach of United Nations.
2. 1960 тАУ Establishment of Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA) by the Treaty of Montevideo. This treaty provided for new foreign investment rules and restrictions on operations of foreign firms in Latin American countries. It was later transformed into Latin American Integration Association. Currently, it has 13 member states.
3. 1967 тАУ Establishment of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) initially as a security association since at that point of time, entire Southeast Asia was beset with conflicts. It is currently a political and economic union of 10 member states including Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines and Singapore.
4. 1967 тАУ Signing of the Outer Space Treaty or the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. Currently, there are 113 parties to this convention. Key provisions of the Outer Space Treaty include prohibiting nuclear weapons in space; limiting the use of the Moon and all other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes; establishing that space shall be freely explored and used by all nations; and precluding any country from claiming sovereignty over outer space or any celestial body.
5. 1969 тАУ Adoption of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) that introduced the concept of тАШjus cogensтАЩ in International Law. VCLT is one of the most important treaties in International Law. Currently, there are 116 parties to this convention.
6. 1972 тАУ United Nations Conference on the Human Environment at Stockholm, Sweden. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was created as a result of this conference. Around 122 countries attended it. Its success lies in the fact that in 1972, environmental governance was not seen as an international priority and still it was able to bring on board so many countries.
7. 1979 тАУ Signing of the Moon Treaty or the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. Currently, 18 states are parties to the treaty. Its primary objective of is to provide the necessary legal principles for governing the behavior of states, international organizations, and individuals who explore celestial bodies other than Earth, as well as administration of the resources that exploration may yield.
8. 1985 тАУ Establishment of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is a regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia aiming to accelerate the process of economic and social development in its member states through increased intra-regional cooperation. Its member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
9. 1991 тАУ Birth of Mercosur, a South American trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asunci├│n. Mercosur's purpose is to promote free trade and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. Its members are Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
10. 1995 тАУ Birth of World Trade Organization (WTO) through the Marrakesh Agreement. It replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that was established in 1948. It is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. Currently, it has 164 member states.
11. 1996 тАУ Formation of Shanghai Five that later on succeeded as Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in the year 2001. It is a political, economic and security organization. Its member states are China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.
12. 1998 тАУ The International Criminal Court (ICC) is established under the Rome Statute, adopted by 120 States on 17 July 1998 during the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court in Rome and enters into force on 1 July 2002.
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1. 1815 тАУ Congress of Vienna тАУ Series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss a new European order post the downfall of Napoleon that led to agreements on national boundaries within Europe, Neutrality Pacts, freedom of navigation.
2. 1823 тАУ Monroe Doctrine by James Monroe, then President of US - Any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.
3. 1824 тАУ Calvo Doctrine тАУ Jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. (Carlos Calvo, Argentine Jurist). Used mostly in International Investment Law.
4. 1842 тАУ Treaty of Nanking тАУ Ended the First Opium War between Britain and Qing Dynasty тАУ Its provisions involved cession of Hong Kong to the crown. Was considered an unequal treaty.
5. 1864 тАУ First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field.
6. 1865 тАУ Establishment of International Telegraph Union to deal with international interconnection, standardization of equipment, tariffs etc.
7. 1871 тАУ Sino-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty тАУ Mutual pledge for friendship and cooperation, exchange of ambassadors, trade related provisions.
8. 1899 тАУ First Hague Peace Conference тАУ Establishment of Permanent Court of Arbitration.
9. 1914-1918 тАУ First World War
10. 1919 тАУ Treaty of Versailles тАУ Disarmament of Germany, payment of reparations by Germany, territorial concessions etc.
11. 1920 тАУ Paris Peace Conference тАУ Establishment of League of Nations тАУ a worldwide intergovernmental organization to maintain world peace.
12. 1920 - Establishment of Permanent Court of International Justice.
13. 1923 - Establishment of the Hague Academy of International Law
14. 1928 тАУ Kellogg-Briand Pact тАУ International Agreement on peace тАУ was aimed at preventing the second world war.
15. 1939-1945 тАУ Second World War
16. 26.06.1945 тАУ Signing of Charter of United Nations
17. 18.04.1946 тАУ Replacement of Permanent Court of International Justice by International Court of Justice.
18. 10.12.1948 тАУ Adoption of Universal Declaration of Human Rights by UN GA.
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History of Modern International Law till the end of 18th century
Authority of the Organized Church was beginning to be challenged as there were constant struggles between religious authorities and rulers known as Crusades (12th and 13th centuries). Introduction of Modern Printing in the 15th Century disseminated knowledge undermining feudalism. Renaissance тАУ 15th Century Treaty of Tordesillas тАУ 1493 тАУ Between Isabella I of Castile, Ferdinand II of Aragon and John II, King of Portugal establishing a new boundary or demarcation line. Development of Concept of тАШSovereigntyтАЩ by scholars like Bodin, Machiavelli, Hobbes etc. (15th and 16th centuries).Increase in the number of independent states led to formation of customary rules of International Law involving diplomatic relations. Earlier, International Law was called тАШLaw of NationsтАЩ. Treaty of Amasya establishing peace тАУ 1555 тАУ Between Ottomans and Safavids after their war. International Law was influenced by Natural Law (Inherent Law or Higher Law based on God, Nature and Reason) (15th and 16th centuries). Important scholars like Vittoria, Belli, Brunus, Suarez, Gentilis were present during this period. Formation of Dutch East India Company тАУ 1602 тАУ Colonial Expansion. Establishment of lex mercatoria by Britain as international trade was increasing at a frantic pace. The greatest of the early writers is Hugo Grotius and is often called the father of International Law (16th and 17th centuries). De Jure Belli ac Pacis (1625) by Grotius dealt with actual customs that were followed by the states of the day. The concept of Freedom of Seas was also explained and put forth by Grotius through his work Mare Liberum (1609). Peace of Westphalia тАУ 1648 тАУ Two treaties signed in the Westphalian cities of Osnabruck and Munster ending the thirty years war that brought peace to the Holy Roman empire. Peace of Utrecht тАУ 1715 тАУ Series of treaties тАУ Between Great Britian, France, Portugal and Spain for end of War of the Spanish Succession. 1758 тАУ Scholar Emer De Vattel published the famous work of тАШThe Law of NationsтАЩ. 4th July 1776 тАУ US Declaration of Independence тАУ Brought the concept of тАШself-determinationтАЩ to the world stage. -
S. No.
Timeline
Treaty Between/Reign
Treaty Regarding/Remarks
1.
2600 BC
Rulers of Ancient Sumerian Cities of Lagash and Umma (Modern Iraq) Border treaty defining boundary marks, found on a stone block.2.
1200 BC
EgyptianтАУHittite Peace Treaty between
Pharaoh Ramesses II of Egypt and King с╕кattu┼бili III of the Hittites
Establishment of Peace, Respect for Territorial Integrity, No State Aggression, Defensive Alliance3.
800 BC
Prophet Isaiah of Ancient IsraelHe said that Agreements must be respected, even when made with the enemy.4.
Around same time
Hellenistic/Greek CivilizationNumerous treaties linked the city-states together in a network of commercial and political associations5.
Around 30 BC to 476 AD
Roman EmpireJus civile тАУ Early Law that applied only to Roman citizens.
Jus gentium тАУ Simplified rules to govern the relations between foreigners and citizens. (Instrument тАУ Preator Peregrinus)
Later on, jus gentium became the norm and jus civile took the backseat.
Natural Law was incorporated in the Roman Law to serve as the ultimate justification for jus gentium (rational principles common to all civilized nations).
Legal Compilation тАУ Corpus Juris Civilis тАУ It contained the classical rules of Roman Law.
6.
1000 AD
Early Islamic WorldDar al-Islam тАУ It is term used by Islamic Scholars that literally means house of Islam. It connotes all the countries that were under Muslim Sovereignty. Abu Hanifa is generally considered as the founder of this concept. In order to be a part of Dar al-Islam, certain requirements were laid down.
Aman тАУ The law dealing with hospitality and safety of diplomats and foreigners.
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Theory of Auto-Limitation/Self-Limitation or Consent Theory
тАЬThe states could only be obliged to comply with international legal rules if they had first agreed to be so obliged.тАЭ
this theory has been criticized on the ground that: -
a. It fails to explain why international law is regarded as binding.
b. It also fails to take into account the growth that has taken place in international institutions, rules and regulations.
c. тАЬTo accept consent as the basis for obligation in international law begs the question as to what happens when consent is withdrawn.тАЭ Breach of Agreement may lead to violation of International Law (violation of pacta sunt servanda).
Doctrine of Consensus
Art. 161 of UNCLOS defines тАШconsensusтАЩ as тАЬabsence of any formal objection.тАЭ It may be of two types, active and passive.
This theory represents the current trend. It reflects the influence of the majority in creation of new norms of international law and acceptance of such new rules by other states.
Still consent plays an importance in International Law as States expressly agree to specific normative standards by entering into various treaties. тАЬEach individual state, of course, has the right to seek to influence by word or deed the development of specific rules of international law, but the creation of new customary rules is not dependent upon the express consent of each particular state.тАЭ
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00:00 Introduction
01:03 Meaning of Law
03:10 International Law and its Types
03:42 Private International Law
05:40 Meaning of Public International Law
07:40 Example
08:30 Outro
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рдореЗрд░рд╛ рдирд╛рдо рд╕реБрдпрд╢ рд╡рд░реНрдорд╛ рд╣реИ, рдФрд░ рдЖрдЬ рдореИрдВ рдЖрдкрд╕реЗ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдПрдЬреЗрдВрдЯ рдпрд╛ рдкрд╛рд╡рд░ рдСрдл рдЕрдЯрд░реНрдиреА holder рдХреЗ рдЬрд░рд┐рдП рдкреНрд░реЙрдкрд░реНрдЯреА рдЦрд░реАрджрддреЗ рдпрд╛ рдмреЗрдЪрддреЗ рд╕рдордп рдХреНрдпрд╛-рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдзреНрдпрд╛рди рдореЗрдВ рд░рдЦрдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП, рдпрд╣ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░реВрдВрдЧрд╛ ред рдЗрд╕ рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдХрд╛ рдЬрд╡рд╛рдм, рд╕реБрдкреНрд░реАрдо рдХреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдиреЗ рдХреБрдЫ рджрд┐рди рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ, рдЙрдорд╛рджреЗрд╡реА рдирд╛рдВрдмрд┐рдпрд╛рд░ рд╡рд┐рд░реБрджреНрдз рдерд╛рдорд╛рд░рд╕реЗрд░реА рдПрд╡рдВ рдЕрдиреНрдп рдирд╛рдордХ рдХреЗрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдерд╛ ред
Today, I will talk about an interesting case in which a person sold a property that it did not own. I know that it is hard to believe this that how can a person sell a property that it does not own but imagine a situation where a person executes a power of attorney in favour of another person to rent out a property or mortgage it, but instead the power of attorney holder sells that property without the permission of the actual owner. Is such a sale of property valid?
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/04/things-to-remember-before-purchasing-or.html
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Today, I will talk about an interesting case in which a person sold a property that it did not own. I know that it is hard to believe this that how can a person sell a property that it does not own but imagine a situation where a person executes a power of attorney in favour of another person to rent out a property or mortgage it, but instead the power of attorney holder sells that property without the permission of the actual owner. Is such a sale of property valid?
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/04/things-to-remember-before-purchasing-or.html
Telegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoon
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmVCFV7-Kfo_6S42kPhz2w
Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/legal-talks-by-desikanoon/id1510617120
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3KdnziPc4I73VfEcFJa59X?si=vYgrOEraQD-NjcoXA2a7Lg&dl_branch=1&nd=1
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS84ZTZTcGREcw?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuz4ifzpLxAhVklGMGHb4HAdwQ9sEGegQIARAD
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рдЖрдЬ рдореИрдВ рдЖрдкрд╕реЗ Y рд╡рд┐рд░реБрджреНрдз рд╕реНрдЯреЗрдЯ рдСрдл рд░рд╛рдЬрд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдирд╛рдордХ рдХреЗрд╕ рдХреА рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░реВрдВрдЧрд╛ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдХрд┐ рдЬрдорд╛рдирдд рдХреЗ рдЖрд╡реЗрджрди рдкрд░ рдирд┐рд░реНрдгрдп рд▓реЗрддреЗ рд╕рдордп рдХреМрди рд╕реЗ рддрддреНрд╡ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рдП рдЬрд╛рдиреЗ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдП, рдЙрди рдкрд░ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░реА рд╣реИ ред
Today, I will talk about the case of Y v. State of Rajasthan, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 458, wherein the HonтАЩble Supreme Court discussed the important factors that ought to be considered while deciding an Application for Grant of Bail.
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/04/how-are-bail-applications-decided-in.html
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Credits:
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Thank you for listening!
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Today, I will talk about the case of Y v. State of Rajasthan, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 458, wherein the HonтАЩble Supreme Court discussed the important factors that ought to be considered while deciding an Application for Grant of Bail.
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/04/how-are-bail-applications-decided-in.html
Telegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoon
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmVCFV7-Kfo_6S42kPhz2w
Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/legal-talks-by-desikanoon/id1510617120
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3KdnziPc4I73VfEcFJa59X?si=vYgrOEraQD-NjcoXA2a7Lg&dl_branch=1&nd=1
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рдЖрдЬ рдореИрдВ рдЖрдкрд╕реЗ рдореЗрдЦрд╛ рд░рд╛рдо рдПрд╡рдВ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╡рд┐рд░реБрджреНрдз рд╕реНрдЯреЗрдЯ рдСрдл рд░рд╛рдЬрд╕реНрдерд╛рди рдПрд╡рдВ рдЕрдиреНрдп рдирд╛рдордХ рдХреЗрд╕ рдХреА рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░реВрдВрдЧрд╛ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдХрд┐ restitution рдпрд╛ рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпрд╛рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрди рдХрд╛ рдХрд╛рдиреВрдиреА рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдВрдд рд╕рдордЭрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ ред рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпрд╛рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрди рдХрд╛ рд╕рд┐рджреНрдзрд╛рдВрдд рд╕рд┐рд╡рд┐рд▓ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рд╕рдВрд╣рд┐рддрд╛ рдХреА рдзрд╛рд░рд╛ 144 рдореЗрдВ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ ред рдзрд╛рд░рд╛ 144 рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдкрдХреНрд╖рдХрд╛рд░реЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдХреЛрдИ рднреА рдорд╛рдорд▓рд╛ рджрд╛рдпрд░ рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ рдХреА рд╕реНрдерд┐рддрд┐ рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд╛рдкрд╕ рд▓рд╛рдиреЗ рдХреА рд╢рдХреНрддрд┐ рд╕рд┐рд╡рд┐рд▓ рдХреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдХреЛ рджреА рдЧрдИ рд╣реИ ред
Today, I will talk about the case of Mekha Ram and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Others, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 372, wherein the HonтАЩble Supreme Court discussed the Doctrine or the Principle of Restitution in the context of Section 144 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/04/principle-or-doctrine-of-restitution.html
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Music by Wataboi from Pixabay
Thank you for listening!
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Today, I will talk about the case of Mekha Ram and Others v. State of Rajasthan and Others, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 372, wherein the HonтАЩble Supreme Court discussed the Doctrine or the Principle of Restitution in the context of Section 144 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/04/principle-or-doctrine-of-restitution.html
Telegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoon
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmVCFV7-Kfo_6S42kPhz2w
Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/legal-talks-by-desikanoon/id1510617120
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3KdnziPc4I73VfEcFJa59X?si=vYgrOEraQD-NjcoXA2a7Lg&dl_branch=1&nd=1
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS84ZTZTcGREcw?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuz4ifzpLxAhVklGMGHb4HAdwQ9sEGegQIARAD
Amazon Music: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/4b89fb71-1836-414e-86f6-1116324dd7bc/Legal-Talks-by-Desikanoon
Please subscribe and follow us on YouTube, Instagram, iTunes, Twitter, LinkedIn, Discord, Telegram and Facebook.
Credits:
Music by Wataboi from Pixabay
Thank you for listening!
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рдЖрдЬ рдореЗрдВ рдЖрдкрд╕реЗ рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрди рдПрдХреНрд╕-рд╕рд░реНрд╡рд┐рд╕рдореЗрди рдореВрд╡рдореЗрдВрдЯ рдПрд╡рдВ рдЕрдиреНрдп рд╡рд┐рд░реБрджреНрдз рдпреВрдирд┐рдпрди рдСрдл рдЗрдВрдбрд┐рдпрд╛ рдПрд╡рдВ рдЕрдиреНрдп, рдирд╛рдордХ рдХреЗрд╕ рдХреА рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░реВрдВрдЧрд╛ ред рдЗрд╕ рдХреЗрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рдирдиреАрдп рд╕реБрдкреНрд░реАрдо рдХреЛрд░реНрдЯ рдиреЗ OROP (One Rank One Pension) рдХрд╛ рдорддрд▓рдм рдФрд░ рдЗрд╕рдХреА рдХрд╛рдиреВрдиреА рд╡реИрдзрддрд╛ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдЪрд░реНрдЪрд╛ рдХрд░реА рд╣реИ ред
Today, I will talk about the case of Indian Ex-Servicemen Movement & Others v. Union of India & Others, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 333, wherein the HonтАЩble Supreme Court discussed the concept of OROP (One Rank One Pension) and its legal validity.
To know more about the present post, please visit https://www.desikanoon.co.in/2022/03/what-is-one-rank-one-pension-and-is-it.html
Telegram: https://t.me/Legal_Talks_by_DesiKanoon
YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMmVCFV7-Kfo_6S42kPhz2w
Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/legal-talks-by-desikanoon/id1510617120
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3KdnziPc4I73VfEcFJa59X?si=vYgrOEraQD-NjcoXA2a7Lg&dl_branch=1&nd=1
Google Podcasts: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS84ZTZTcGREcw?sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiuz4ifzpLxAhVklGMGHb4HAdwQ9sEGegQIARAD
Amazon Music: https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/4b89fb71-1836-414e-86f6-1116324dd7bc/Legal-Talks-by-Desikanoon
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Credits:
Music by Wataboi from Pixabay
Thank you for listening!
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