Afleveringen
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Hypsometric Curve: Basically, a chart that shows the proportions of surface area at every elevation on a planet.
Crust: Earth's outermost layer, made out of two distinct materials – oceanic crust (which is denser) and continental crust (which is less dense).
Lithosphere: The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and the hard, un-bending part of the upper mantle.
Subduction: The process of an ocean plate crashing into another plate and getting forced to dive down into Earth's mantle.
Isostasy: Describes the way earth's crust sort of floats in the underlying mantle. Continental crust is less dense and thicker, and floats higher than the oceanic crust, which is denser and thinner. Geologists talk about things like "isostatic rebound," which is what happens after an ice age, when the ice melts off a continent and the continent lifts up, like a floating raft in a pool after someone gets off (though continents rise more slowly).
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Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
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Cladistics: A method of recreating evolutionary trees based on evidence about relationships.
Etymology: The study of the origin of words and how they have changed throughout history.
Convergent Evolution: A process whereby different species evolve similar traits in order to adapt to similar environments.
Polyphyly: A group containing members with multiple ancestral sources.
Homoplasy: A trait shared by a group of species that is not shared in their common ancestor.
False Cognates: Pairs of words with similar sounds and meanings but unrelated etymologies.
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Food Web: the feeding relationships between animals that determine how energy and nutrients are spread throughout an ecosystem.
Trophic Level: a hierarchical level in an ecosystem made up of organisms that share the same function in the food web.
Apex predator: the animals at the top trophic level that feed on animals and organisms below them.
Mesopredator: a member of a mid-ranking trophic level that preys on animals and organisms in lower trophic levels and occasionally gets eat by apex predators.
Mesopredator Release: an ecological phenomenon in which mesopredators rapidly grow in population once apex predators are removed from an ecosystem.
Trophic Cascade: a series of dramatic changes in an ecosystem often triggered by mesopredator release.
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Mortality plateau: the leveling out of the mortality rate that is observed at late ages in various species
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Mast Year: A year in which all the plants of a particular species in a region ramp up their seed production.
Predator Satiation Hypothesis: The hypothesis that mast seeding is a strategy plants use for controlling the population of squirrels and other seed-eating animals.
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Sunshower: A meteorological phenomenon in which the sunshines while rain is falling.
Idiom: A group of words whose meaning is not readily understandable by defining the individual words.
Anthropomorphism: The attribution of human characteristics to an animal or god or object.
Linguistic Anthropology: A field of study into how language shapes communication around the world.
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Mammal: Endothermic vertebrates that nurse their young.
Lactation: The secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
Mammary Gland: A cluster of alveoli and ducts that secretes milk.
Mammary Alveoli: The tiny sacs that are the site of milk production and storage in the mammary gland.
Oxytocin: A hormone released by the pituitary gland that - among other things - causes the milk ejection reflex during nursing.
Holstein: A large black and white cow known for the large quantities of milk it yields.
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Polymer: A substance whose molecular structure consists of large numbers of similar units covalently bonded together
Covalent bond: A strong type of bond in which adjacent atoms share electrons.
Backbone chain: A long series of covalently bonded atoms that create the continuous chain of the molecule.
Bioplastic: A type of plastic, usually biodegradable, made from biological substances.
Scission: The breakage of a backbone chain at the bond level.
Microbial biodegradation: The use of microbes to break molecules into smaller and less harmful forms.
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Food stock: the total amount of any particular food existing at any point in time
Strategic reserve: food intentionally kept on reserve to be sold when supplies otherwise become low
Stock to use ratio: the amount of stock of any given food at any point in time as a fraction of the total annual consumption of the commodity
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Personal Genetic Analysis: Direct-to-consumer DNA testing, usually through mail-in saliva samples.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: A variation at a single spot on the genome that is present in some part of the population.
Genotyping chip: A microarray that allows genetic testing companies to test a DNA sample for hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Health Care Fraud: A crime that usually involves misrepresenting medical information in order to make money.
Targeted Advertising: The practice of placing ads based on consumer demographics or behavior.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act: A 2008 American law that prohibits health insurers and employers from using genetic information when making coverage or hiring decisions.
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Electroshock therapy: the original name for treating severe depression with a series of brief electrical shocks to the brain
Electroconvulsive therapy: the current name for electroshock therapy
Deep brain stimulation: a treatment for advanced Parkinson’s that uses pulsed electrical signals to targeted brain regions
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Annual: a plant that typically lives for a year or less
Biennial: a plant that typically lives for two years
Perennial: a plant that typically lives for multiple years
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Direct transmission: occurs when a pathogen is transmitted to a new host by physical or close contact
Virulence: the degree of damage a pathogen causes its host
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Migration: The seasonal movement of a population of animals from one area to another.
Prevailing winds: Winds in a particular area that blow in a particular direction.
Thermal: An upward current of warm air.
Lift: A force that counteracts the weight of an object and holds it in the air.
Flyway: A route regularly used by lots of migrating birds.
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