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當代藝術拍賣價格決定因素分析
迴歸模型的應用：文章採用迴歸模型（或稱「享樂模型」）來分析影響藝術品拍賣價格的因素。這種模型將藝術品視為一系列特徵的組合，每個特徵都具有不同的價值。作者針對每位藝術家建立獨立模型，以探討特定藝術家及其作品的影響因素，而不是像過去研究那樣分析整個藝術市場或特定類別的平均值。作者強調，這種方法能更精確地呈現收藏家對特定藝術家作品的偏好，並揭示在整體平均值中被掩蓋的差異。標題類型的重要性：研究發現，對於12位藝術家中的9位，收藏家明顯偏好具有特定標題的作品，而不是無標題或具有通用標題（例如「抽象」、「構圖」）的作品。文章指出，特定標題可以更明確地識別作品，使其在同一藝術家的其他作品中脫穎而出，並有助於其意義的詮釋。研究也提到，心理學研究表明，有意義的標題可以正面影響觀眾對藝術品的理解和喜愛。"For nine of the twelve artists, there was a clear preference among collectors for paintings presented at auction with specific titles.""Compared with a generic title, a specific title more definitively identifies the work, singling it out from other works by the same artist, and contributes more to the meanings it is given."尺寸與媒材的影響：研究發現，作品尺寸是影響拍賣價格的重要因素，且與以往研究相比，本文研究的藝術家作品尺寸對價格的影響更大。對於大多數藝術家而言，收藏家並未因尺寸過大的作品而卻步。油畫仍然吸引一些收藏家，即使是挑戰藝術史傳統的藝術家，其油畫作品在拍賣會上也享有溢價。"Size was a stronger driver of the price paid at auction than in the contexts examined in earlier studies, and collectors were not deterred by the largest works of art.""Paintings in oil have continued to appeal to some collectors and even paintings in oil by artists who consciously challenged art historical traditions such as Martin Kippenberger commanded a premium at auction."藝術家年齡的影響：儘管樣本數不多，但研究結果顯示，藝術家創作時的年齡可能會影響拍賣價格，這值得進一步研究。與之前的研究相比，本文的研究結果揭示了不同的年齡與價格關聯模式，並指出需要結合藝術家的傳記、藝術史家的詮釋以及拍賣行的行銷策略來理解這些關聯。"Although the number of artists looked at is small, there are some suggestive patterns in how the age of the artist at execution affected the auction price, which might merit further investigation."拍賣行和地點的影響：研究發現，將作品委託給蘇富比（Sotheby's）和佳士得（Christie's）拍賣行，以及在紐約和倫敦這兩個主要的當代藝術拍賣中心出售，通常能為賣家帶來溢價。對於部分藝術家，在他們原籍國出售也可能帶來溢價，但對其他藝術家則不然。文章也指出，拍賣行、藝術博覽會、經銷商和藝術博物館等機構的推廣活動，對當代藝術拍賣市場頂端作品的價格具有推動作用。"For some artists, a painting consigned for sale at Sotheby’s and Christie’s delivered a premium to sellers, as did sales in what were the two major centers for the contemporary art auction market, New York and London."
來源： Bowman, Mike. 2022. “Determinants of the Price Paid at Auctions of Contemporary Art for Artworks by Twelve Artists.” Arts 11: 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/arts11030066
簡報摘要：
本文利用迴歸模型，分析12位當代藝術家的作品在拍賣會上的價格決定因素。與以往研究不同的是，本文針對每位藝術家建立獨立模型，並探討了作品標題類型、藝術家創作時的年齡、作品尺寸、媒材、拍賣行和地點等因素如何影響拍賣價格。研究結果揭示了收藏家對不同因素的偏好，以及當代藝術拍賣市場的變化趨勢。
主要主題：重要觀點與事實：
模型解釋能力： 作者的模型對拍賣價格的變異有著良好的解釋能力，通常能解釋 71% 到 86% 的變異，優於文獻中其他關於藝術市場的迴歸模型。"As can be seen from Table 2, my models give an explanation of between 71% and 86% of the variation in the price achieved at auction for all artists bar A. R. Penck."特定標題的價值： 對於大多數藝術家而言，具有特定標題的作品平均售價明顯高於具有通用標題的作品。油畫的溢價： 在許多情況下，油畫作品的售價高於其他媒材的作品，顯示出收藏家對傳統媒材的偏好。收藏家偏好的差異： 研究結果顯示，收藏家對不同藝術家的作品偏好存在顯著差異。例如，在 Gerhard Richter 的抽象畫作中，收藏家對不同標題類型的作品沒有明顯偏好，這可能與 “Abstraktes Bild” 標題的品牌效應有關。藝術市場的變化： 研究結果顯示，當代藝術拍賣市場正在經歷變化。例如，亞洲藝術家在市場中的份額越來越大。結論：
擴大研究對象，納入更多藝術家和作品類型。深入探討藝術家年齡對拍賣價格的影響機制。研究特定標題與作品意義之間的關聯。持續追蹤當代藝術市場的變化趨勢。
本文透過迴歸模型分析，揭示了當代藝術拍賣市場中複雜的價格決定因素，並強調了標題類型、作品尺寸、媒材、藝術家年齡、拍賣行和地點等因素的重要性。研究結果不僅對藝術史研究具有學術價值，也為藝術市場的參與者提供了有用的參考資訊。
未來研究方向：引用文獻：
文中所有引用皆來自於所提供的原始文獻。備註：
Regression models (or "hedonic models") are used to analyze the factors influencing auction prices, treating artworks as bundles of characteristics with individual value.Separate models for each artist reveal collectors’ preferences, highlighting variations masked in broader market averages.This approach provides nuanced insights into artist-specific influences on prices.
此簡報文件旨在總結原始文章的主要內容，可能無法包含所有細節。如需深入了解，請參考原始文章。
Document Title: Determinants of the Price Paid at Auctions of Contemporary Art
Source:
Bowman, Mike. 2022. “Determinants of the Price Paid at Auctions of Contemporary Art for Artworks by Twelve Artists.” Arts 11: 66. DOI: 10.3390/arts11030066
Abstract Summary:
This paper applies regression modeling to analyze the determinants of auction prices for artworks by 12 contemporary artists. Unlike previous studies, the author develops individual models for each artist, exploring how factors such as title type, the artist's age at execution, artwork size, medium, auction house, and location influence auction prices. The findings reveal collectors' preferences for these factors and the evolving trends within the contemporary art auction market.
Key Topics:
1. Application of Regression Models:2. Significance of Title Type:
For 9 out of the 12 artists, collectors showed a clear preference for artworks with specific titles over those with untitled or generic titles (e.g., “Abstract,” “Composition”).Specific titles help distinguish works, enhancing their identity and interpretive significance.Psychological studies suggest that meaningful titles can positively influence viewers' understanding and appreciation of artworks.Key Quote:"For nine of the twelve artists, there was a clear preference among collectors for paintings presented at auction with specific titles."3. Impact of Size and Medium:
Artwork size significantly affects auction prices, with larger works generally commanding higher prices.Collectors were not deterred by the largest works, a contrast to findings in earlier studies.Oil paintings continue to fetch premiums, even for artists challenging traditional conventions.Key Quote:"Size was a stronger driver of the price paid at auction than in the contexts examined in earlier studies."4. Effect of Artist’s Age at Execution:
While limited in sample size, the study suggests a potential link between the artist's age at execution and auction prices.Results differ from previous studies, highlighting the need to consider artists’ biographies and market strategies to understand these correlations.Key Quote:"Although the number of artists looked at is small, there are some suggestive patterns in how the age of the artist at execution affected the auction price."5. Influence of Auction House and Location:
Consigning works to Sotheby’s and Christie’s, or selling in major hubs like New York and London, often results in higher prices.In some cases, sales in the artist’s home country yield premiums, while for others, no such advantage is observed.Key Quote:"For some artists, a painting consigned for sale at Sotheby’s and Christie’s delivered a premium to sellers, as did sales in New York and London."Key Insights and Facts:
Model Performance: The models explain 71% to 86% of the variation in auction prices, outperforming previous studies.Key Quote:"My models give an explanation of between 71% and 86% of the variation in the price achieved at auction for all artists."Value of Specific Titles: Specific titles result in higher average prices for most artists.Oil Painting Premium: Oil works often sell for significantly more, reflecting collectors' preference for traditional media.Collector Preferences: Differences in preferences were evident, such as Gerhard Richter collectors showing no significant preference for title types, possibly due to the "brand effect" of the term "Abstraktes Bild."Market Trends: The study highlights the growing prominence of Asian artists and shifting market dynamics in contemporary art auctions.Conclusion:
Expand the sample to include more artists and diverse artwork types.Investigate mechanisms linking artist age to auction prices.Explore the relationship between specific titles and artwork meaning.Monitor evolving trends in the contemporary art market.
This study unveils the complexity of price determinants in contemporary art auctions, emphasizing the significance of title type, artwork size, medium, artist age, auction house, and location. The findings are valuable for both academic research in art history and practical insights for market participants.
Future Research Directions:Citation:
Bowman, Mike. 2022. “Determinants of the Price Paid at Auctions of Contemporary Art for Artworks by Twelve Artists.” Arts 11: 66. DOI: 10.3390/arts11030066
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二份球探報告分析了科羅拉多洛磯隊（Colorado Rockies）和紐約洋基隊（New York Yankees）在 1992 年針對 Derek Jeter 所做的兩份球探報告，並深入探討兩者對球員潛力和價值的不同評估觀點。
不同的評估哲學： 洛磯隊的報告相對保守，著重於 Jeter 的基本能力和未來發展潛力，認為他需要更多時間培養技術和比賽經驗。相反地，洋基隊的報告給予 Jeter 極高的評價，將他視為「未來的明星球員」，強調其全面的能力和領袖特質。洛磯隊：「認為他是⼀名具備潛⼒的球員，但需要更多時間進⾏技術與比賽經驗的培養。」洋基隊：「將他標記為「A Yankee」，強調他是洋基隊的理想⼈選。」技術能力與心理素質的差異評估： 洛磯隊的報告指出 Jeter 的上半身力量出色、臂力好，但擊球精準度和力量、跑速仍有提升空間。洋基隊則認為 Jeter 擁有快速準確的揮棒、極佳的擊球本能、優秀的跑速、穩健的守備和精準的傳球。在心理素質方面，洛磯隊僅稱讚他「自然流暢的動作」，而洋基隊則強調他強大的專注力、求勝心態和領袖潛質。洛磯隊：「擁有良好的揮棒機制，但擊球精準度和⼒量尚需提升。跑速為平均⽔準，仍有潛⼒提升。」洋基隊：「擁有快速且準確的揮棒，擊球本能極佳。跑速優秀，場上反應迅速，能夠精準執⾏戰術。」、「表現出強⼤的專注⼒和求勝⼼態，對棒球的熱情和敬業態度非常明顯。」評估態度的對比： 洛磯隊的態度偏向於「可塑性」，認為 Jeter 是有潛力的球員，但需要時間培養。洋基隊則對 Jeter 充滿信心，直接將他視為未來的核心球員。這種態度差異導致兩隊對 Jeter 的價值評估和投資策略產生了根本性的差異。洛磯隊：「評價相對保守，對即戰⼒的關注不⾜，更傾向於等待未來發展。」洋基隊：「對 Jeter 表現出⾼度⾃信，直接 將其視為未來的明星球員和球隊核⼼。」T 分數（20-80 評分系統）： MLB 的球探報告使用 T 分數來量化球員的能力和潛力，其中 20 分為極差，80 分為歷史級別。洋基隊給予 Jeter 多項技能 60 分或更高的分數，特別是在心理素質、擊球能力和守備潛力方面。「在 Jeter 的兩份報告中，洋基隊對他的多項技能評為 60 分或更⾼，特別是在⼼理素質、擊球能 ⼒和守備潛⼒上表現出⾊...」經濟角度的解讀： 洛磯隊因評估保守而錯失了 Jeter 的「明星效應」帶來的經濟收益，如比賽收入、球衣銷售和品牌價值提升。洋基隊則成功預見了 Jeter 的商業價值，通過他的明星效應大幅提升了球隊收入和品牌影響力，實現了巨大的投資回報。洛磯隊：「因評估保守，錯失了 Jeter 的 「明星效應」帶來的潛在經濟收益...」洋基隊：「成功預⾒了 Jeter 的商業價值， 通過其明星效應⼤幅提升球隊收 入與品牌影響⼒，實現巨⼤的投 資回報。」結論： 兩份報告展現了不同的評估哲學。洛磯隊因為保守的策略錯過了 Jeter，而洋基隊憑藉果斷的決策和長遠的投資眼光，成功簽下了 Jeter，讓他成為球隊核心並創造了巨大的運動和商業價值。這也為未來的球隊提供了啟示：在評估球員時，對潛力的識別與信心的建立至關重要，特別是在球員心理素質和綜合能力的全盤考量上。「在評估球員時，對潛⼒的識別與信⼼的建立⾄關重要，特別是在球員⼼理素質和綜合能⼒的全⾯考量上。」
主要論點和重點附錄：紐約洋基隊球探報告的結構
基本資訊： 球員姓名、位置、出生日期、住址、所屬球隊、球探姓名、評估日期、比賽場次、畢業日期等。評分表： 使用 20-80 分制 (T 分數) 評估球員的當前能力 (Present Grade) 和未來潛力 (Future Grade)，涵蓋了打擊、跑壘、守備、臂力等各項技能。非投手（Non-Pitchers）和投手（Pitchers）的評分細項： 包含各自專屬的技能評估項目。性格與比賽特性： 評估球員的習慣、專注力、天賦、成熟度、可教導性、攻擊性、鎮定力和棒球直覺。文字描述： 包括身體條件、優勢、劣勢、總評和簽約建議。特殊欄位： 球員的整體未來潛力分數 (Overall Future Potential) 和原始評分 (Raw Score)。
文件後半部詳細解釋了紐約洋基隊球探報告中的各項變數，包括：總結
Rockies: "Viewed as a player with potential but requiring more time for technical and game experience development."Yankees: "Marked him as 'A Yankee,' highlighting his fit as an ideal choice for the team."
這份文件清楚地比較了兩支球隊對 Derek Jeter 的不同評估，揭示了球探在評估球員時可能存在的偏見和盲點。洋基隊對 Jeter 的精準判斷和果斷決策，不僅成就了 Jeter 的偉大職業生涯，也為球隊帶來了巨大的成功和回報。這份分析也強調了在人才評估中，綜合考量球員的技術能力、心理素質和未來潛力至關重要。
Summary: Comparative Analysis of Scouting Reports on Derek Jeter by the Colorado Rockies and New York Yankees (1992)
Key Arguments and Focus
Different Evaluation Philosophies:
The Colorado Rockies' scouting report was conservative, focusing on Derek Jeter's basic skills and long-term potential, emphasizing the need for development. Conversely, the New York Yankees' report rated Jeter highly, portraying him as a "future star" with comprehensive abilities and leadership qualities.Technical Skills and Psychological Attributes:
Rockies: "Possesses a good swing mechanism but needs to improve batting precision and power. Running speed is average but has room to grow."Yankees: "Demonstrates a quick, accurate swing with excellent batting instincts. Exhibits exceptional speed, tactical execution, and solid on-field reactions."Yankees on mentality: "Displays strong focus and a winning attitude, with evident passion and professionalism for baseball."
The Rockies noted Jeter’s strong upper body, solid arm strength, and areas for improvement in batting precision, power, and speed. Meanwhile, the Yankees praised Jeter's quick, accurate swing, exceptional batting instincts, superior speed, solid defense, and precise throws. Psychologically, the Rockies mentioned Jeter's "natural fluidity," while the Yankees emphasized his focus, winning mentality, and leadership potential.Contrasting Attitudes in Evaluation:
Rockies: "A cautious evaluation with insufficient emphasis on immediate readiness, preferring to wait for future growth."Yankees: "Highly confident, viewing Jeter as a future star and team cornerstone."
The Rockies leaned towards a developmental outlook, recognizing potential but requiring time. The Yankees showed confidence in Jeter, immediately identifying him as a core future player. This divergence shaped their respective valuation and investment strategies.T Scores (20-80 Rating System):
"The Yankees rated several of Jeter's skills 60 or higher, highlighting exceptional performance in psychological attributes, batting ability, and defensive potential."
Using MLB's 20-80 scale, where 20 indicates poor performance and 80 signifies elite, the Yankees rated multiple of Jeter's skills at 60 or above, especially his psychological attributes, batting ability, and defensive potential.Economic Interpretation:
Rockies: "Missed the potential economic benefits of Jeter’s star effect."Yankees: "Successfully foresaw Jeter’s commercial value, leveraging his stardom to significantly boost team revenue and brand influence."
The Rockies’ conservative evaluation missed out on Jeter’s "star effect," which could have generated economic benefits through game revenue, merchandise sales, and brand value enhancement. The Yankees accurately foresaw Jeter’s commercial value, significantly increasing team revenue and brand influence through his stardom.Conclusion
Basic Information: Player name, position, birthdate, address, team, scout name, evaluation date, game sessions, and graduation date.Scoring Table: 20-80 ratings for current abilities (Present Grade) and future potential (Future Grade) across skills like batting, running, defense, and arm strength.Skill-Specific Ratings: Detailed metrics for both non-pitchers and pitchers.Character and Game Traits: Evaluation of habits, focus, talent, maturity, teachability, aggressiveness, poise, and baseball instincts.Narrative Descriptions: Physical attributes, strengths, weaknesses, overall evaluation, and signing recommendations.Special Fields: Overall Future Potential (OFP) score and Raw Score.
The two scouting reports reveal contrasting evaluation philosophies. The Rockies’ conservative strategy led to missing out on Jeter, while the Yankees capitalized on decisive judgment and long-term investment vision. Jeter became a team cornerstone, delivering immense athletic and commercial value. This analysis highlights the importance of identifying potential and building confidence in talent evaluations, particularly by considering a player’s psychological strengths and overall abilities.
Appendix: Structure of the New York Yankees' Scouting Report
The report included variables such as:Final Thoughts
This comparative analysis highlights biases and blind spots in player scouting. The Yankees' accurate judgment and decisive actions not only shaped Jeter’s illustrious career but also brought unparalleled success and returns to the team. Comprehensive evaluations, encompassing technical skills, psychological attributes, and future potential, are crucial in talent scouting.
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【Verse 1】
靜默的夜，心跳如歌，
迷霧之中，星光指引輪廓。
疼痛的記憶，化作執著，
因為我們明白，夢是如此廣闊。
【Pre-Chorus】
孤單過，也失落，
但從未放棄執著。
傷痕如沉默的詩句，
見證我們的勇氣。
【Chorus】
破曉！微光劃破天際，
破曉！黑暗終將散去。
夢想如火焰，照亮前路無邊，
我們是，永不熄滅的火炬！
破曉！追逐心中的光，
破曉！譜寫無懼的詩章。
無論多艱險，我們從不回頭，
因為我們，破曉的傳說！
【Verse 2】
牽手的瞬間，溫暖蔓延，
無聲的鼓勵，比語言更纏綿。
每一次跨越，都點燃信念，
我們一起，迎接新的明天。
【Pre-Chorus】
孤單過，也失落，
但從未放棄執著。
傷痕如沉默的詩句，
見證我們的勇氣。
【Chorus】
破曉！微光劃破天際，
破曉！黑暗終將散去。
夢想如火焰，照亮前路無邊，
我們是，永不熄滅的火炬！
破曉！追逐心中的光，
破曉！譜寫無懼的詩章。
無論多艱險，我們從不回頭，
因為我們，破曉的傳說！
【Bridge】
時光的浪潮，帶我們奔向未來，
每一次振翅，都是夢想的盛開。
因為我們，破曉的力量，
心之所向，與夢飛翔。
【Final Chorus】
破曉！微光劃破天際，
破曉！黑暗終將散去。
夢想如火焰，照亮前路無邊，
我們是，永不熄滅的火炬！
破曉！追逐心中的光，
破曉！譜寫無懼的詩章。
無論多艱險，我們從不回頭，
因為我們，破曉的傳說！
【Outro】
破曉的傳說，無懼的勇氣，
夢的足跡，閃耀在天地
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【Verse 1】
站在起點，風輕輕吹過，
眼前的路，模糊卻閃爍。
夢想的輪廓，還未清晰，
但心跳的聲音，已無法忽視。
【Pre-Chorus】
猶豫過，懷疑過，
這條路是否屬於我？
但你的笑容，像星光指引，
讓我勇敢，邁出第一步。
【Chorus】
原點，是夢開始的地方，
原點，是心最初的嚮往。
雖然未知，雖然迷茫，
但我相信，這條路會發光。
原點，是風吹過的方向，
原點，是我們並肩的力量。
從這裡出發，勇敢飛翔，
因為夢想，就在前方。
【Verse 2】
汗水滴落，腳步漸漸堅定，
每一次跌倒，都是成長的證明。
團隊的聲音，在耳邊迴響，
我們一起，寫下新的篇章。
【Pre-Chorus】
猶豫過，懷疑過，
這條路是否屬於我？
但你的笑容，像星光指引，
讓我勇敢，邁出第一步。
【Chorus】
原點，是夢開始的地方，
原點，是心最初的嚮往。
雖然未知，雖然迷茫，
但我相信，這條路會發光。
原點，是風吹過的方向，
原點，是我們並肩的力量。
從這裡出發，勇敢飛翔，
因為夢想，就在前方。
【Bridge】
時光會記得，我們曾站在這裡，
用汗水與淚水，寫下青春的詩句。
無論未來多遠，這份初心不變，
因為我們，從原點出發，奔向明天。
【Final Chorus】
原點，是夢開始的地方，
原點，是心最初的嚮往。
雖然未知，雖然迷茫，
但我相信，這條路會發光。
原點，是風吹過的方向，
原點，是我們並肩的力量。
從這裡出發，勇敢飛翔，
因為夢想，就在前方。
【Outro】
原點，是我們的故事，
原點，是夢想的開始。
從這裡出發，逆風而上，
因為我們，無畏無懼。
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【Verse 1】
風在耳邊呼嘯，腳步從未停歇，
汗水浸透衣衫，寫下夢的章節。
黑夜再漫長，也擋不住星光，
我們並肩而行，點亮每個方向。
【Pre-Chorus】
跌倒過，流過淚，但從未放棄追，
傷痕是勳章，讓我們更堅強。
【Chorus】
無畏！迎向風的咆哮，
無畏！衝破所有阻撓。
夢想的火焰，在心中燃燒，
這一刻，我們無可阻擋！
無畏！挑戰未知的高，
無畏！寫下我們的驕傲。
無論多遙遠，我們終將到達，
因為我們，無畏無懼！
【Verse 2】
移動如風，穿透時空，
每一次奮鬥，都是未來的序曲。
手心緊握著，彼此的信念，
這條路上，我們從不孤單。
【Pre-Chorus】
跌倒過，流過淚，但從未放棄追，
傷痕是勳章，讓我們更堅強。
【Chorus】
無畏！迎向風的咆哮，
無畏！衝破所有阻撓。
夢想的火焰，在心中燃燒，
這一刻，我們無可阻擋！
無畏！挑戰未知的高，
無畏！寫下我們的驕傲。
無論多遙遠，我們終將到達，
因為我們，無畏無懼！
【Bridge】
時光會記得，我們曾勇敢地飛，
無論未來多遠，這份勇氣永不改變。
因為我們，無畏無懼，
心向遠方，逆風飛翔。
【Final Chorus】
無畏！迎向風的咆哮，
無畏！衝破所有阻撓。
夢想的火焰，在心中燃燒，
這一刻，我們無可阻擋！
無畏！挑戰未知的高，
無畏！寫下我們的驕傲。
無論多遙遠，我們終將到達，
因為我們，無畏無懼！
【Outro】
無畏無懼，
我們是逆風的勇者。
無畏無懼，
夢想就在前方閃耀。
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【Verse 1】
耳畔風聲擂鼓，步履輕躍成舞，
晨霧將夢拉長，勾勒未來的弧度。
黑夜的徬徨，沉澱成信念的溫度，
勇氣如炬點燃，照亮未知版圖。
【Chorus】
飛躍的青春，如閃電劃破長夜，
逆風中昂首，挑戰未知的極限。
夢想的羽翼，伴隨喜悅與光芒，
每一步，篆刻傳奇的詩篇。
【Verse 2】
淚水凝成微光，灌溉青春的蓓蕾，
一次次跌倒，雕琢生命的輪廓。
手心緊扣手心，心跳交織成歌，
攜伴同行，書寫旅程的詩行。
【Chorus】
飛躍的青春，如閃電劃破長夜，
逆風中昂首，挑戰未知的極限。
夢想的羽翼，伴隨喜悅與光芒，
每一步，篆刻傳奇的詩篇。
【Bridge】
時光如河水涓流，青春寫下夢想的註腳。
記憶中的笑語，化作前行的力量，
無論彼岸多遠，你的笑容如晨曦，
縈繞心頭，帶來恆久的安定。
【Final Chorus】
飛躍的青春，如閃電劃破長夜，
逆風中昂首，挑戰未知的極限。
夢想的羽翼，伴隨喜悅與光芒，
這一刻，燦爛成永恆的瞬間。
【Outro】
飛躍的青春，似晨星閃耀無垠，
逆風而上，夢想從未停息。
青春的筆，滿是希望的晨露，
在歲月中，寫下璀璨傳奇。
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夢想不負時光 (No.11)
【Verse 1】
校園小徑 光影微斑
微風吹過 球場熱血蔓延
回憶中 那燦爛的笑顏
訴說著 青春不滅的光年
【Chorus】
夢想不負時光
手心的汗水點亮希望
迎風而上 無懼所有阻擋
未來就在前方 閃耀光芒
夢想不負時光
青春的故事不會被遺忘
攜手向前 無限的飛翔
這段旅程 永遠珍藏
【Verse 2】
綠茵場上 奮力追逐
陽光灑滿 前行的腳步
掌聲回蕩 天際的深處
每段時光 為夢留下歸屬
【Chorus】
夢想不負時光
手心的汗水點亮希望
迎風而上 無懼所有阻擋
未來就在前方 閃耀光芒
夢想不負時光
青春的故事不會被遺忘
攜手向前 無限的飛翔
這段旅程 永遠珍藏
【Bridge】
汗水澆灌出夢想的花朵
風雨淬煉成前行的力量
即使前方 是未知的寬廣
我們的光 依舊在閃亮
【Final Chorus】
夢想不負時光
每一次心跳都在激盪
迎風奔跑 是青春的主張
攜手共創 無畏的篇章
夢想不負時光
歲月的旋律溫暖心房
這片星空 是我們的遠航
這段青春 永不散場
【Outro】
校園小徑 光影微斑
微風吹過 球場熱血蔓延
愛的回憶 如詩般悠揚
青春的約定 永不散場
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鈴木一朗的棒球生涯：
Japanese Baseball (NPB) Era:In 1992, Ichiro joined the Orix BlueWave and became known for his unique “pendulum swing.”He achieved 7 consecutive batting titles and won the MVP award 3 times, solidifying his iconic status in Japanese baseball.MLB Era:In 2001, Ichiro joined the Seattle Mariners and made an explosive debut, winning Rookie of the Year and MVP in the same season.In 2004, he set the record for the most hits in a single season (262), a feat that remains unmatched.Ichiro’s MLB career included 3,089 hits, and when combined with his NPB totals, he amassed over 4,367 hits.“In 2004, he achieved 262 hits in a single season, a record that not only remains unbroken but stands as a shining chapter in MLB history.”
日本職棒時期： 1992 年加入歐力士隊，以獨特的「鐘擺式打法」聞名，連續 7 年獲得打擊王，3 度獲得最有價值球員（MVP），奠定了他在日本棒球界的指標地位。
進軍 MLB：
2001 年加入西雅圖水手隊，初登場即獲得新人王和年度 MVP。2004 年創下單季 262 支安打的紀錄，至今無人能破。MLB 生涯累計 3089 支安打，加上日職紀錄，總計超過 4367 支安打。 “2004 年，他達成了單季 262 支安打紀錄，這個紀錄不僅無人能破，更成為大聯盟史上的燦爛頁章。
名人堂入選的意義： 鈴木一朗接近全票( 99.75% )入選，是 MLB 歷史上極為罕見的成就，證明了他的傑出成就獲得了完全認可。 他的入選也象徵著棒球運動的全球化，為亞洲球員開創了更廣闊的可能性。 “他的入選也證明，棒球已經越過了國界，成為一個真正全球化的運動。亞洲棒球員的入選，讓對這項運動愛好者們看到了更廣闊的可能性和未來。”
鈴木一朗的成就與影響力： 驚人的數據： 超過 4367 支安打的紀錄，展現出他對棒球的非凡天賦和頂尖打者的實力。 場外影響力： 他的職業態度、精進的技術、穩定性與耐力，都是年輕球員的楷範。他也是日美文化交流的橋樑，促進兩國體育界的互動。 “他的職業態度，不斷進步的基本功、一致性與耐力，都成為年輕選手不可或缺的樣本。
名人堂榮耀背後的故事： 個人魅力： 鈴木一朗場上是巨星，場外也以幽默、謙遜和獨特的個性著稱，與球迷和媒體互動良好。
光榮退役的時刻： 2019 年在東京巨蛋球場的最終戰，熱情的觀眾、輝煌的紀錄和經典名言，都令人感動和敬佩。
未來影響： 他的入選將提升亞洲球員在 MLB 的能見度，帶來更多國際化機會，並啟發新秀。
鈴木一朗未來是否會以教練、顧問或大使的身份繼續在棒球界發揮影響力，令人拭目以待。 結論： 鈴木一朗入選名人堂，是實至名歸的榮耀。
他不僅是棒球史上的傳奇人物，更是跨越國界的文化象徵，他的精神將繼續激勵著無數的球迷和球員。
Ichiro Suzuki Inducted into the Hall of Fame: A Cross-Border Baseball Legend
Main Content
Ichiro Suzuki’s Baseball CareerSignificance of the Hall of Fame Induction
Near-Unanimous Selection:Ichiro’s induction with near-unanimous votes is an extraordinary achievement in MLB history, affirming his exceptional contributions to the sport.Symbol of Globalization:His induction represents the globalization of baseball, opening broader opportunities for Asian players.“His induction proves that baseball has transcended national boundaries to become a truly global sport. The inclusion of Asian players inspires fans worldwide to see greater possibilities and a brighter future.”Ichiro Suzuki’s Achievements and Influence
Staggering Statistics:Over 4,367 career hits showcase his extraordinary talent and skill as a top-tier hitter.Off-Field Influence:His professionalism, meticulous skills, consistency, and resilience serve as a model for young players.Ichiro also acts as a cultural bridge between Japan and the U.S., fostering interaction and cooperation between the two nations' sports communities.“His professional attitude, constant refinement of fundamentals, consistency, and endurance have become indispensable examples for young players.”Stories Behind the Hall of Fame Honor
Personal Charisma:Beyond the field, Ichiro is known for his humor, humility, and unique personality, fostering strong connections with fans and media alike.Glorious Retirement:In 2019, he played his final game at the Tokyo Dome, a moment filled with passionate fans, remarkable records, and memorable quotes that left a lasting impact.Future Influence
Inspiring the Next Generation:His induction will enhance the visibility of Asian players in MLB, creating more opportunities for international players and inspiring rookies.Ichiro’s Next Chapter:Whether he takes on roles as a coach, advisor, or ambassador, his continued influence in baseball is eagerly anticipated.Conclusion
Ichiro Suzuki’s induction into the Hall of Fame is a well-deserved honor. He is not only a legendary figure in baseball history but also a cultural symbol transcending borders. His legacy will continue to inspire countless fans and players around the world.
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Review: Sports League Profit and Market Sizes
重新評估市場選擇策略： 本文指出，聯盟的整體利潤最大化並不總是依賴於選擇最大市場，小市場的加入能帶來更高收益的潛在可能性。挑戰競爭平衡假設： 過往文獻認為，競爭平衡對消費者需求至關重要，但本研究表明，競爭不平衡對收入的影響可能較小，甚至在某些情況下有助於提高利潤。擴展理論模型： 通過結合市場規模的異質性與投資水平，建立了新的經濟模型，量化了不同條件下聯盟利潤的變化。
作者: Jason Winfree, Connor Allen, Stefan Szymanski出版資訊: International Journal of Sport Finance, Volume 19, Number 1, Pages 25–38, 2024. DOI: 10.32731/IJSF/191.022024.02
摘要
本文探討了體育聯盟在選擇市場規模時的經濟效益，並挑戰了「聯盟應將球隊安置於最大市場」的傳統觀點。基於經濟模型，研究發現市場規模的異質性可能增加聯盟總收益，儘管這可能導致競爭不均衡。小市場球隊的存在能降低人才競爭成本，並可能提高整體聯盟利潤。相對於大市場球隊的優勢，小市場的加入在特定條件下反而能對聯盟有利。
主要貢獻
重新評估市場選擇策略:本文指出，聯盟的整體利潤最大化並不總是依賴於選擇最大市場，小市場能帶來更高收益的潛在可能性。
挑戰競爭平衡假設:過往文獻認為，競爭平衡對消費者需求至關重要，但本研究表明，競爭不平衡對收入的影響可能較小，甚至在某些情況下有助於提高利潤。
擴展理論模型:通過結合市場規模的異質性與投資水平，建立了新的經濟模型，量化了不同條件下聯盟利潤的變化。
研究方法
經濟模型設計:
應用雙隊比賽模型，基於競爭成功函數（CSF），模擬球隊投資如何影響勝率與收益。
假設市場規模（σ）影響球隊的收入與投資決策。
數學分析:
採用反向歸納法分析球隊的最佳投資策略。
模擬不同市場規模下聯盟總利潤的變化，並繪製總利潤與市場規模的關係曲線。
實證數據參考:
使用美國職業聯盟（MLB、NBA、NFL）的市場人口數據進行對比分析，以評估模型結論的現實適用性。
結果與建議
理論結果:聯盟總利潤在市場規模適度不平衡的情況下最大化，這主要是由於降低了人才競爭成本。小市場球隊的存在限制了大市場球隊的投資需求，從而減少了整體聯盟的支出。
實踐洞察:
聯盟在進行球隊擴展或遷移時，不應僅考慮最大市場，而應關注市場規模的多樣性及其對利潤的潛在影響。
需警惕過度競爭平衡對收益的可能負面影響。
未來研究方向:
深入探討市場規模對球隊投資與聯盟收益的非線性影響。
實證測試模型假設，特別是小市場對聯盟長期經濟效益的影響。
結論本研究為體育聯盟的市場選擇提供了新的視角，強調市場規模異質性對利潤最大化的重要性。未來研究應進一步實證化模型，並探討如何最佳化市場分配策略以提升聯盟的經濟績效。
作者Jason Winfree, Connor Allen, Stefan Szymanski
Citation: Winfree, J., Allen, C., & Szymanski, S. Sports League Profit and Market Sizes. International Journal of Sport Finance, 2024, 19, 25–38. DOI: 10.32731/IJSF/191.022024.02.
體育聯盟利潤與市場規模回顧
作者： Jason Winfree、Connor Allen、Stefan Szymanski
出版資訊： International Journal of Sport Finance，第 19 卷，第 1 期，第 25-38 頁，2024 年。DOI: 10.32731/IJSF/191.022024.02
摘要
本文探討了體育聯盟在選擇市場規模時，市場規模的異質性如何影響聯盟的經濟效益，並挑戰了「聯盟應將球隊安置於最大市場」的傳統觀點。 過去的文獻通常假設聯盟會偏好將球隊置於最大的市場。 然而，基於經濟模型分析，研究發現市場規模的異質性（即大小市場混合）實際上可能增加聯盟總收益，儘管這可能導致競爭不均衡。 小市場球隊的存在可以降低人才競爭的成本，並且在特定條件下可能提高整體聯盟的利潤。 簡而言之，相對於大市場球隊的優勢，小市場球隊的加入在特定條件下反而能對聯盟有利。
主要貢獻研究方法
應用雙隊比賽模型，基於競爭成功函數（CSF），模擬球隊投資如何影響勝率與收益。假設市場規模（σ）影響球隊的收入與投資決策。
1. 經濟模型設計:2. 數學分析:
採用反向歸納法分析球隊的最佳投資策略。模擬不同市場規模下聯盟總利潤的變化，並繪製總利潤與市場規模的關係曲線。3. 實證數據參考:
使用美國職業聯盟（MLB、NBA、NFL）的市場人口數據進行對比分析，以評估模型結論的現實適用性。結果與建議
理論結果: 聯盟總利潤在市場規模適度不平衡的情況下最大化，這主要是由於降低了人才競爭成本。 小市場球隊的存在限制了大市場球隊的投資需求，從而減少了整體聯盟的支出。實踐洞察:聯盟在進行球隊擴展或遷移時，不應僅考慮最大市場，而應關注市場規模的多樣性及其對利潤的潛在影響。需警惕過度競爭平衡對收益的可能負面影響。未來研究方向:
深入探討市場規模對球隊投資與聯盟收益的非線性影響。實證測試模型假設，特別是小市場對聯盟長期經濟效益的影響。結論
Re-evaluation of market selection strategies: This article points out that maximizing overall league profit does not always depend on choosing the largest market, and the addition of small markets can potentially bring higher revenue.Challenge the competitive balance hypothesis: Previous literature believes that competitive balance is crucial to consumer demand, but this study shows that the impact of competitive imbalance on revenue may be small, and even in some cases, it helps to increase profits.Expansion of the theoretical model: By combining market size heterogeneity and investment levels, a new economic model is established to quantify the changes in league profit under different conditions.
本研究為體育聯盟的市場選擇提供了新的視角，強調市場規模異質性對利潤最大化的重要性。 未來研究應進一步實證化模型，並探討如何最佳化市場分配策略以提升聯盟的經濟績效。
作者
Jason Winfree, Connor Allen, Stefan Szymanski
引用
Winfree, J., Allen, C., & Szymanski, S. Sports League Profit and Market Sizes. International Journal of Sport Finance, 2024, 19, 25–38. DOI: 10.32731/IJSF/191.022024.02.
Sports League Profit and Market Sizes Review
Authors: Jason Winfree, Connor Allen, Stefan Szymanski
Publication Information: International Journal of Sport Finance, Volume 19, Number 1, Pages 25–38, 2024. DOI: 10.32731/IJSF/191.022024.02
Abstract
This article explores how the heterogeneity of market size affects the economic benefits of sports leagues when selecting market sizes, and challenges the traditional view that "leagues should place teams in the largest markets". Previous literature often assumes that leagues prefer to place teams in the largest markets. However, based on economic model analysis, the study finds that market size heterogeneity (i.e., a mix of large and small markets) may actually increase total league revenue, although this may lead to competitive imbalance. The existence of small-market teams can reduce the cost of talent competition and may improve overall league profits under certain conditions. In short, compared to the advantages of large-market teams, the addition of small-market teams can actually be beneficial to the league under certain conditions.
Main ContributionsResearch Methods
Apply a two-team game model based on the contest success function (CSF) to simulate how team investment affects winning percentage and revenue.Assume that market size (σ) affects the revenue and investment decisions of the team.
1. Economic model design:2. Mathematical analysis:
Use backward induction to analyze the optimal investment strategy of the team.Simulate the changes in total league profit under different market sizes, and draw the relationship curve between total profit and market size.3. Empirical data reference:
Use market population data from American professional leagues (MLB, NBA, NFL) for comparative analysis to evaluate the practical applicability of the model conclusions.Results and Recommendations
Theoretical results: Total league profit is maximized when the market size is moderately imbalanced, which is mainly due to the reduced cost of talent competition. The existence of small-market teams limits the investment needs of large-market teams, thereby reducing the overall expenditure of the league.Practical insights:When expanding or relocating teams, leagues should not only consider the largest market, but should also pay attention to the diversity of market sizes and their potential impact on profits.Be wary of the possible negative impact of excessive competitive balance on revenue.Future research directions:
In-depth exploration of the nonlinear impact of market size on team investment and league revenue.Empirical testing of model assumptions, especially the impact of small markets on the long-term economic benefits of the league.Conclusion
This study provides a new perspective on market selection for sports leagues, emphasizing the importance of market size heterogeneity for profit maximization. Future research should further empirically validate the model and explore how to optimize market allocation strategies to enhance the economic performance of the league.
Authors
Jason Winfree, Connor Allen, Stefan Szymanski
Citation
Winfree, J., Allen, C., & Szymanski, S. Sports League Profit and Market Sizes. International Journal of Sport Finance, 2024, 19, 25–38. DOI: 10.32731/IJSF/191.022024.02.
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Verse 1
櫻花飄落在湖面
風輕輕撫過指間
你的笑容是微光
傾訴著無聲的渴望
Pre-Chorus
靜靜許下一個夢
讓時間為我們歌頌
你的眼神是一幅畫
這正是我們的故事啊
Chorus
約定藏在風裡
隨著花瓣飛行
季節變換也不曾離去
在麗池的倒影
看見愛的回應
Verse 2
湖水映著月光散
回憶像光影流轉
夜色中無聲的等待
我們的故事不會走散
Pre-Chorus
靜靜許下一個夢
讓時光輕聲唱和
每一次心跳都清亮
生命的弦音溫柔地震動
Chorus
約定藏在風裡
隨著花瓣飛行
季節變換也不曾離去
在麗池的倒影
看見愛的回應
Bridge
如果時間讓你迷失方向
請記得這片櫻花的光芒
我們的手心還緊緊相牽
跨越所有的阻擋
Final Chorus
約定在心底綻放
隨著櫻花芬芳
無論多遠仍會彼此眺望
麗池的清晨光
永遠溫暖心房
Outro
櫻花飄落在湖面
風輕輕撫過指間
愛的回憶如詩篇
我們的約定永不散場
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綻放
【Verse 1】
路走著走著，才明白什麼是方向，
當初以為的遠方，是我今天早上的模樣。
那些跌倒的瞬間，把我推向最真的地方，
才懂得，夢想是留給無懼的人闖。
【Chorus】
綻放吧，就算過程充滿了迷茫，
每一步，都是成長的力量。
就算風雨一次次推著我流浪，
我知道，那些傷口會開成花香。
【Verse 2】
時間是一場無聲的考驗，
每個努力都值得紀念。
張開翅膀，穿越未知的風險，
因為夢，就在下一秒的地平線。
【Chorus】
綻放吧，就算過程充滿了迷茫，
每一步，都是成長的力量。
就算風雨一次次推著我流浪，
我知道，那些傷口會開成花香。
【Bridge】
汗水淬煉出青春的答案，
星光為夢想繪出璀璨。
縱然困難，也只是成長的試煉，
心中的光，終將在前方綻放。
【Final Chorus】
綻放吧，像風中的蒲公英，
每一顆種子都藏著希望的初心。
就算世界再如何掙扎對抗，
我會用微笑迎接每個清晨的曙光。
【Outro】
綻放吧，讓回憶成為溫暖的肩膀，
讓未來，成為心跳的方向。
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TOWO 文具董事長李聖文訪談紀要
出身金門，白手起家: 李聖文來自金門，高中畢業後帶著僅有的三千元隻身前往台灣，從水泥工、送貨員到業務員，一路摸索，奠定了創業的基礎。勤奮努力，創立品牌: 李董早期借宿親戚家，培養了尊重與感恩的態度，並將其融入創業理念。23 歲創立巨煬文具，以 "KMB" (金門囝仔) 鋼珠筆打響名號。逆境重生，放眼全球: 2005 年一場大火讓公司損失慘重，但李董並未放棄，反而將工廠遷至寧波，並藉此機會拓展海外市場，產品銷售至歐美及東南亞。創新研發，永續經營: 李董重視創新，曾與日本專家合作開發台灣首支凝膠筆，並持續投入環保文具、觸控筆等新產品研發。回饋社會，飲水思源: 李董秉持 "取之於社會，用之於社會" 的理念，長期捐贈文具給弱勢學生，並支持公益義賣活動。展望未來，多元發展: 未來將整合旗下品牌，成立東文集團，並跨足房地產、家電、線上文具平台等領域，持續追求成長與創新。
主題： 從金門少年到文具巨擘，李聖文董事長分享創業路上的挑戰與成就。
主要内容：精選引言：
"我那時候住人家家裡，什麼碗筷都要自己洗，人家的東西都不能碰，養成一個很好的紀律。""我發現很多供應商的東西都一模一樣，沒有創新，所以我就想，我自己來做品牌。""那時候的挫折，讓我把工廠搬到寧波，也因此讓我的事業版圖擴展到全球。""我認為創新是所有產業的命脈，一定要不斷學習和改進。""取之於社會，用之於社會，是我一直以來秉持的理念。""年輕人要勇敢追夢，但也要腳踏實地，並且要懂得回饋社會，成功才更有意義。"結論： 李聖文董事長的故事充滿了勵志與啟發，展現了台灣企業家堅韌不拔、勇於創新的精神。他的成功不僅來自於勤奮與智慧，更源於回饋社會的善心，值得所有創業者借鏡學習。
"Back then, living in someone else's house taught me discipline—I washed my own dishes and never touched anything that wasn’t mine.""I realized many suppliers offered identical products without innovation, so I thought, why not create my own brand?""The setbacks at that time led me to move the factory to Ningbo, which ultimately helped expand my business globally.""Innovation is the lifeblood of all industries; we must keep learning and improving.""Taking from society and giving back to society has always been my guiding principle.""Young people should dream big, but stay grounded. Give back to society—success is more meaningful when shared."
Interview Summary with Jack Lee, Chairman of TOWO Stationery
Topic: From a Kinmen Boy to a Stationery Tycoon: Chairman Jack Lee Shares His Entrepreneurial Challenges and Achievements
Key Points:
Starting from Kinmen, Building from Scratch:
Chairman Jack Lee hails from Kinmen. After graduating from high school, he ventured to Taiwan with only NT$3,000. From working as a cement laborer and delivery person to becoming a sales representative, he steadily built the foundation for his entrepreneurial journey.
Hard Work and Brand Creation:
In his early days, Jack Lee lived with relatives, cultivating respect and gratitude, which he later incorporated into his business philosophy. At 23, he founded Juyang Stationery and made a name for himself with the "KMB" gel pen, which stands for "Kinmen Boy."
Rising from Adversity, Expanding Globally:
In 2005, a fire caused severe losses to the company. However, Jack Lee didn’t give up. Instead, he relocated his factory to Ningbo, China, and seized the opportunity to expand into international markets, selling products to Europe, the Americas, and Southeast Asia.
Innovation and Sustainability:
Jack Lee values innovation. He collaborated with Japanese experts to develop Taiwan’s first gel pen and continues to invest in eco-friendly stationery and touch pen research and development.
Giving Back to Society:
With the belief in "taking from society and giving back to society," Jack Lee has consistently donated stationery to underprivileged students and supported charity sales, contributing significantly to social welfare.
Looking Ahead, Diversifying Growth:
Jack Lee plans to integrate his brands under the TOWO Group and diversify into real estate, home appliances, and online stationery platforms, aiming for continuous growth and innovation.
Notable Quotes:Conclusion:
Chairman Jack Lee's story is both inspiring and enlightening, showcasing the resilience, innovation, and dedication of a Taiwanese entrepreneur. His success stems not only from hard work and ingenuity but also from his commitment to giving back to society, serving as a valuable lesson for aspiring entrepreneurs.
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乒乓球：活化腦力、預防失智的運動良方
乒乓球是一項 結合有氧運動和認知訓練的獨特運動，它不僅能鍛鍊身體，還能活化大腦。研究顯示，乒乓球可以促進腦部血流，增加 神經滋養因子 (BDNF) 的分泌，並有助於清除有害的 β-類澱粉蛋白，這些都有助於 預防認知衰退和失智症。特別是對於 早期失智症患者，乒乓球的干預效果尤為顯著。相較於其他運動，例如跳舞、走路、體操和重量訓練，乒乓球對認知功能的提升效果可能更為出色。
想要維持腦部健康、預防失智嗎？ 讓這集 Podcast 為您揭開 乒乓球運動 的神奇功效！準備好迎接更健康、更靈活的腦力了嗎？ 讓我們一起來探索乒乓球運動的奧妙！
乒乓球是一項 結合有氧運動和認知訓練的獨特運動，它不僅能鍛鍊身體，還能活化大腦。研究顯示，乒乓球可以促進腦部血流，增加 神經滋養因子 (BDNF) 的分泌，並有助於清除有害的 β-類澱粉蛋白，這些都有助於 預防認知衰退和失智症。特別是對於 早期失智症患者，乒乓球的干預效果尤為顯著。相較於其他運動，例如跳舞、走路、體操和重量訓練，乒乓球對認知功能的提升效果可能更為出色。
乒乓球：活化腦力、預防失智的運動良方
想要維持腦部健康、預防失智嗎？ 讓這集 Podcast 為您揭開 乒乓球運動 的神奇功效！準備好迎接更健康、更靈活的腦力了嗎？ 讓我們一起來探索乒乓球運動的奧妙！
Table tennis is a unique sport that combines aerobic exercise and cognitive training. It not only strengthens your body but also activates your brain.Studies have shown that table tennis can improve blood flow to the brain, increase the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and help clear harmful beta-amyloid proteins. These all contribute to preventing cognitive decline and dementia.Table tennis is especially effective in intervening in early dementia.Compared to other exercises, such as dancing, walking, gymnastics, and weight training, table tennis may be even better at improving cognitive function.
Table Tennis: A Fun Way to Sharpen Your Mind and Prevent Dementia
Want to keep your brain healthy and prevent dementia? This episode will reveal the amazing benefits of table tennis!Ready for a healthier, more agile brain? Let's explore the wonders of table tennis together!
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樊振東退賽事件： 勇敢抉擇與對桌球未來的承諾
新規則的壓力： 世界桌球職業聯盟（WTT）於 2025 年實施的新規定要求世界排名前 100 的選手提前半年提交參賽計劃並強制參加指定賽事。樊振東認為新規則缺乏彈性，時間緊迫且缺乏溝通，他表示：「我僅在上週收到正式通知，要求嚴格遵守這些新規，並立即簽署相關文件。我目前無法對未來賽程做出清晰規劃，為了避免違反規則並對規則表示尊重，我選擇退出排名。」健康與長遠規劃： 長期高強度訓練和頻繁參賽對運動員身心健康造成巨大壓力。樊振東的退賽被視為對健康的重視和對長遠職業生涯的規劃。 文章提到：「近年來，全球體育界頻繁討論運動員因過度賽程安排導致的壓力與傷病問題。」退賽不代表離開： 樊振東強調退賽不意味著他放棄桌球，他仍會以其他方式支持和推廣桌球運動。文章指出：「他的每一次比賽、每一次舉動，已經為全球桌球運動注入了無限的價值。」對WTT的影響： 樊振東的退賽可能促使 WTT 重新審視新規則，並在體制與運動員需求之間找到平衡點。 WTT 在聲明中提到將提供更多獎金和資源支持賽事公平性，顯示其對此事件的重視。榜樣力量： 樊振東的決定展現了運動員在面對壓力和挑戰時的勇氣和責任感。 文章總結：「他的舉動讓我們看到，一位偉大的運動員不僅在賽場上成就輝煌，更能在關鍵時刻堅守自己的價值觀與選擇。」
核心議題： 世界排名第一的中國桌球選手樊振東宣布退出世界排名，引發體壇震撼，也引發了關於運動員權益、職業規劃和賽事規則的深度討論。
主要觀點與事實：總結： 樊振東的退賽事件不僅是個人抉擇，更凸顯了當今競技體育面臨的挑戰。 如何平衡賽事規則、運動員權益和身心健康，是需要各方共同努力解決的課題。 樊振東的勇敢決定為體育界帶來反思，也為運動員發聲樹立了榜樣。
Fan Zhendong’s Withdrawal: A Bold Decision and a Commitment to Table Tennis’ Future
Core Issue:
World No. 1 table tennis player Fan Zhendong’s decision to withdraw from the world rankings has sent shockwaves through the sports world, sparking in-depth discussions about athlete rights, career planning, and competition regulations.
Key Points and Facts:
Pressure from New Rules:
The World Table Tennis (WTT) organization implemented new regulations in 2025, requiring the top 100 players to submit tournament schedules six months in advance and mandating participation in designated events. Fan Zhendong criticized the new rules for their inflexibility, short notice, and lack of communication. He stated:
"I only received official notice last week, which demanded strict adherence to the new rules, and I was required to sign the documents immediately. Currently, I cannot make a clear plan for future competitions. To avoid violating the rules and out of respect for them, I chose to withdraw from the rankings."
Health and Long-Term Planning:
Frequent competitions and intensive training pose immense pressure on athletes’ physical and mental well-being. Fan’s withdrawal highlights the importance of prioritizing health and planning for a sustainable career. The article notes:
"In recent years, the global sports community has frequently discussed the pressure and injuries athletes face due to over-scheduling."
Withdrawal Does Not Mean Departure:
Fan emphasized that withdrawing from the rankings does not equate to abandoning table tennis. He remains committed to supporting and promoting the sport through other means. The article states:
"His every match and action has already contributed immense value to the global table tennis community."
Impact on WTT:
Fan’s withdrawal may prompt WTT to reassess its new rules and strike a better balance between institutional requirements and athlete needs. WTT acknowledged the incident in a statement, highlighting plans to increase prize money and resources to ensure fairness, demonstrating its attention to the issue.
A Role Model:
Fan’s decision showcases the courage and responsibility of an athlete when facing pressure and challenges. The article concludes:
"His actions remind us that a truly great athlete not only shines on the court but also upholds their values and choices in critical moments."
Conclusion:
Fan Zhendong’s withdrawal is not just a personal decision but a reflection of the challenges competitive sports face today. Balancing competition rules, athlete rights, and health is a pressing issue that requires collective effort. Fan’s bold choice has sparked reflection within the sports community and set an example of advocacy for athletes.
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詩與遠方：寒川的詩與情
在新加坡這片融合多元文化的土地上，有一位以詩為筆、以情為墨的旅星詩人——寒川（本名呂紀葆）。他的一生，如詩般交織著鄉愁、文學與熱忱；他的筆下，既有對故土金門的濃烈依戀，也有對東南亞華文文學的執著推動。作為東南亞華文文壇的代表人物之一，他的故事，是關於文學、文化與生命的交響曲。
故鄉的詩意：從金門到新加坡
「我手寫我心，我手寫我口。」寒川在專訪中，用這句話描述了他的創作信念。出生於金門的他，五歲時隨母親移居新加坡，從此在這座花園城市成長與深耕。然而，金門的鄉土氣息始終縈繞在他的心頭，成為他文學創作中不可或缺的元素。
「金門對我而言，是一座深深刻印在靈魂裡的島嶼，無論身在何方，記憶總會帶我回到那片土地。」寒川在談及詩作時特別提到。從《童年·金門》到《古厝》，他的作品充滿對故鄉的追憶與情感寄託。他說，離鄉與還鄉，是他詩中反覆咀嚼的意象。「那不只是空間上的距離，更是一種情感的往返。」
文學評論家張國治曾評價：「寒川的詩是一部關於金門與南洋的交響詩，他以詩記錄歷史，也用詩歌連結中華文化的根脈。」
文學推廣者：印華文學的燈塔
寒川的文學足跡不僅停留在詩歌。他的妻子是一位印尼華人，這段跨國婚姻讓寒川深刻了解印尼華人的處境，尤其是在1970至1990年代，印尼華文教育和文學受到壓制的年代裡。面對挑戰，他毅然成為橋梁，不畏艱險，攜帶上千本華文書刊進入印尼，供當地華文作家使用。
「當時的情況相當困難，華文書籍是禁忌，帶進去需要極大的勇氣。」寒川回憶起這段經歷，語氣中透著堅定。這些努力不僅讓印尼華文文學得以保存，也成就了他在印華文壇的傳奇地位。
「我不想讓華文文學在任何地方消失。」他說道。
文學組織與文化交流：南洋華文文學的引路人
除了個人的創作，寒川還積極參與文學組織，推動區域文學合作。他曾是新加坡文藝協會的重要成員，多次擔任總務和財政等職，並主編多期《新加坡文藝》。此外，他也曾任錫山文藝中心主席（2012-2016），並長期擔任錫山文藝半年刊編務顧問。他的努力不僅提升了新加坡華文文學的地位，也成為區域文化交流的關鍵推動者。
近年來，寒川義務擔任印尼《國際日報-東盟文藝》和《印華日報-東盟園地》的副刊主編，策劃每週一期的華文文友作品專欄，涵蓋新加坡、馬來西亞、泰國、越南等東盟國家，為東南亞華文文學留下珍貴的歷史篇章。
「東南亞是一片文化的沃土，需要我們去共同耕耘，讓華文文學在這裡扎根成長。」寒川的語氣中透露出使命感。
榮譽與新作：文壇的持續迴響
2024年，寒川榮獲印尼華文作家協會頒發的「印華文壇貢獻獎」，以表彰他多年來對印尼華文文學的推動。同年，他於6月1日推出了全新力作——《寒川序跋集》，這部作品將他多年的文學評論、序跋與創作感悟濃縮成篇，是一次對文學之路的全面回顧與致敬。
「《寒川序跋集》不僅是我多年來文學歷程的見證，也是我對文學傳承的期待。」寒川這樣形容自己的最新作品。
此外，寒川近年來還出版了詩集《高粱三題》、文集《世說寒川》以及散文集《書寫華崗》。他表示：「文學是一種傳承，也是一種對未來的期盼。」對於未來，他希望能透過更多作品，為後人留下思考與感動的空間。
詩人的使命
寒川，這位跨越時空的詩人，以他無私的奉獻和深刻的創作，書寫了屬於東南亞華文文學的輝煌篇章。他的詩，飽含濃烈的情感與深邃的思想；他的人生，如詩般動人，也如詩般永恆。
「無論身處何地，詩人都應該成為人類情感的代言人。」寒川如是說。
在他的故事裡，我們看到的不僅是個人的文學追求，更是一份對文化的承諾，對未來的希望。這位行旅者，以詩為路，走過故鄉與異鄉，將生命化作最動人的詩篇。
Poetry and Beyond: The Journey of Han Chuan ( 寒川 )
In Singapore, a land of diverse cultures and vibrant creativity, there lives a poet who writes with his pen dipped in emotions—Han Chuan (birth name: Loo Kee Pow). His life is a symphony interwoven with nostalgia, literature, and passion. His work reflects a deep longing for his native Kinmen while embodying an unwavering dedication to the promotion of Chinese literature in Southeast Asia. As a representative figure of the Chinese literary community in the region, his story is a harmonious blend of literature, culture, and life.
The Poetic Essence of Home: From Kinmen to Singapore
"I write my heart, I write my words." This is how Han Chuan describes his creative philosophy in this interview. Born in Kinmen, he moved to Singapore with his mother at the age of five, growing up and building his life in the Garden City. Yet, the essence of Kinmen has never left his heart, becoming an indelible part of his literary work.
"Kinmen is deeply etched in my soul. No matter where I am, my memories always take me back to that land," Han Chuan remarks. From Childhood in Kinmen to The Old House, his works are imbued with a profound sense of nostalgia and emotional connection to his homeland. He notes that separation and return are recurring themes in his poetry, representing not just physical distances but also emotional journeys.
Literary critic Zhang Guozhi once commented, "Han Chuan's poetry is a symphony of Kinmen and Nanyang. Through his poems, he records history and connects with the roots of Chinese culture."
A Literary Promoter: A Beacon for Indonesian Chinese Literature
Han Chuan’s literary journey is not confined to poetry alone. His wife, an Indonesian Chinese, exposed him to the challenges faced by the Chinese community in Indonesia, particularly during the suppression of Chinese education and literature from the 1970s to the 1990s. Braving the odds, he became a bridge, smuggling thousands of Chinese books into Indonesia to support local writers.
"The situation was extremely difficult at the time. Chinese books were taboo, and bringing them in required immense courage," Han Chuan recalls with determination. His efforts not only preserved Chinese literature in Indonesia but also earned him a legendary status in the Indonesian Chinese literary community.
"I refuse to let Chinese literature disappear anywhere," he asserts.
Building Bridges: A Leader in Southeast Asian Chinese Literature
Beyond his personal creations, Han Chuan actively participates in literary organizations, fostering regional literary collaborations. As a key member of the Singapore Literature Society, he held positions such as treasurer and editor of multiple issues of Singapore Literature. Furthermore, he served as the Chairman of the Xishan Literary Arts Center (2012–2016) and was a long-term editorial consultant for the Xishan Biannual Literary Journal. His efforts have elevated the standing of Chinese literature in Singapore and established vital cultural connections across the region.
In recent years, Han Chuan has taken on voluntary roles as the editor of the ASEAN Literary supplement in Indonesia’s International Daily and the ASEAN Forum section of the Indonesian Chinese Daily. He curated weekly columns featuring works by Chinese writers across ASEAN countries, including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, leaving a lasting legacy for Southeast Asian Chinese literature.
"Southeast Asia is fertile ground for culture. We need to cultivate it together so that Chinese literature can take root and thrive here," Han Chuan emphasizes, his tone filled with a sense of mission.
Awards and Recent Works: The Continuing Impact
In 2024, Han Chuan was honored with the "Indonesian Chinese Literary Contribution Award" by the Indonesian Chinese Writers Association, recognizing his enduring dedication to the development of Chinese literature in Indonesia. That same year, on June 1st, he released his latest masterpiece, Han Chuan’s Collected Prefaces and Postscripts, a compilation of his literary critiques, prefaces, and reflections—a comprehensive review of his literary journey and a tribute to his legacy.
"Han Chuan’s Collected Prefaces and Postscripts is not only a testament to my literary journey but also a reflection of my hope for the future of literature," Han Chuan says about his latest work.
In addition, Han Chuan has recently published the poetry collection Three Pieces of Sorghum, the essay collection The World According to Han Chuan, and the prose collection Writing from Huagang. He notes, "Literature is a form of inheritance and a hope for the future." He hopes his works will leave a space for thought and inspiration for future generations.
The Poet's Mission
Han Chuan, a poet who transcends time and space, has written a luminous chapter in the history of Southeast Asian Chinese literature through his selfless dedication and profound creations. His poems brim with intense emotions and profound insights, while his life itself is as moving and eternal as poetry.
"Wherever we are, poets should always be the voice of human emotions," Han Chuan states.
Through his story, we see not just the pursuit of personal literary goals but also a commitment to culture and a hope for the future. This traveler, with poetry as his compass, has journeyed through his homeland and foreign lands, turning his life into the most touching verses.
This English version faithfully captures Han Chuan's literary achievements and his unwavering commitment to the promotion of Chinese literature, while maintaining the emotional depth of the original text.
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Nexus Voices Program Summary: Goals and Dreams
Dreams are the call of the soul, driving us to become our better selves.Goals are the steps to realize dreams, helping us move closer to our ideal future.Many people fear failure, trying, and change, leading to stagnation.We should constantly reflect to ensure our actions align with our dreams, rather than remaining stuck in our comfort zones.
Episode Theme: Goals and Dreams
Core Concepts:Program Highlights:
Definition of Dreams and Goals & Their Relationship:Dreams as the soul’s call: "Dreams are the call of our inner selves, driving us to become better versions of ourselves."Goals as a plan: "Goals are the steps to realize dreams, helping us move closer to our ideal future."Overcoming Fear and Taking Action:The fear of failure, trying, and change: "Many people get stuck because they fear failure, trying, and change."Avoiding ineffective behavior patterns: "As Einstein said: ‘The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.’"Constant reflection to align actions with dreams: "Perhaps each of us needs to pause from time to time and ask ourselves: Are my actions truly helping me achieve my dreams, or am I just spinning my wheels in the comfort zone?"Actionable Guidance:
Three Questions to Clarify Goals and Dreams:What is your dream? "It doesn’t have to be perfect or practical, as long as it ignites a spark in your heart."What is the first small goal you can set for your dream? "It should be clear and actionable."If you can’t achieve this goal, is there another way to pursue your dream?Do one thing daily to bring you closer to your dream:"Make a commitment to yourself: Do one thing every day that brings you closer to your dream, no matter how small—whether it’s reading a book, sketching a blueprint, or simply talking to someone who supports you."Program Closing:
This episode of Nexus Voices, themed "Goals and Dreams," guides listeners through an insightful discussion on the relationship between dreams and goals. It also provides actionable advice to encourage overcoming fear and actively pursuing dreams. The content is inspiring and sure to uplift and empower listeners who are on the path of chasing their dreams.
Nexus Voices 節目摘要：目標與夢想 節目主題： 目標與夢想 核心概念： 夢想是靈魂的呼喚，驅使我們成為更好的自己。 目標是實現夢想的階梯，幫助我們逐步接近理想的未來。 很多人害怕失敗、嘗試和改變，導致停滯不前。 我們應該不斷反思，確保行動與夢想一致，而非在舒適圈裡原地打轉。 節目重點： 夢想和目標的定義及兩者間的關係： 夢想是靈魂： "夢想是我們內心的呼喚，它驅動著我們去成為更好的自己。" 目標是計劃： "而目標則是實現夢想的階梯，幫助我們一步步接近那個理想的未來。" 克服恐懼，積極行動： 很多人害怕失敗、嘗試和改變： "很多人會卡在一個地方：他們害怕失敗，害怕嘗試，害怕改變。" 避免重複無效的行為模式： "就像愛因斯坦的那句話：「瘋狂的定義是一次又一次地做同樣的事情，卻期待不同的結果。」" 不斷反思，確保行動與夢想一致： "或許我們每個人都需要時不時停下來，問問自己：我正在做的事情，真的能幫助我實現夢想嗎？還是我只是在舒適圈裡原地打轉？" 行動指引： 三個幫助釐清目標與夢想的問題： 你的夢想是什麼？ "它不必完美，不必實用，只要能點燃你內心的火花就好。" 你為夢想設立的第一個小目標是什麼？ "它應該是明確且可以行動的。" 如果你達不到這個目標，是否有其他方式能繼續追逐夢想？ 每天做一件能讓你靠近夢想的事： "給自己一個承諾：每天做一件能讓你靠近夢想的事，不管它有多小，哪怕只是多看一本書、多畫一個藍圖，或者僅僅是多和支持你的人聊聊。" 節目結尾： Nexus Voices 這期節目以「目標與夢想」為主題，以深入淺出的方式，引導聽眾思考夢想和目標的關係，並提供具體的行動指引，鼓勵聽眾克服恐懼，積極追尋夢想。 節目內容富有啟發性，相信能為正在追夢路上的聽眾帶來鼓舞和力量。
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Pete Alonso's Free Agent Market Analysis
Short-Term High-Salary Contracts: Secure a 2-3 year high-salary contract to provide flexibility for re-entering the market later.Incentive-Based Contract Design: Include performance-based incentive clauses in contracts to reduce buyer risk perception.Differentiated Positioning: Emphasize his power-hitting capabilities and align with specific team needs, such as those of the Giants or Yankees.
In the MLB free agent market, 29-year-old "Polar Bear" Pete Alonso faces a pivotal career turning point. This article analyzes Alonso's market value and potential strategies from a sports economics perspective.
1. Market Landscape and Competitive Environment
The dynamics of supply and demand in the free agent market directly impact Alonso's positioning. Recent signings, such as 33-year-old infielder Christian Walker securing a 3-year, $60 million deal with the Houston Astros, highlight the continued demand for players with balanced offensive and defensive abilities, even at an older age. However, Alonso's high strikeout rate and relatively mediocre defensive performance diminish his appeal, particularly when compared to elite first basemen.
Alonso's primary potential suitors currently include the New York Mets and the New York Yankees, but the bidding motivation from these two teams appears weak. Meanwhile, the Seattle Mariners' interest in Cleveland Guardians first baseman Josh Naylor may further undermine Alonso's utility as a bargaining chip for his agent, Scott Boras.
2. Market Value Assessment
According to MLB Trade Rumors (MLBTR), Alonso's market value is estimated at approximately $125 million over five years. However, the realization of this valuation is uncertain. The Mets' potential contract offers during the midseason or offseason are unlikely to deviate significantly from this benchmark, but the market's overall environment applies significant pressure against inflated salary expectations.
Notably, some agent teams may hope to leverage Juan Soto's high-value contract to indirectly elevate Alonso's market status. However, Soto's "star premium" does not apply to a position like first base, especially for a player with a high strikeout rate. This approach is unlikely to yield the desired outcome.
3. Insights from WAR Data Comparison
bWAR (Baseball Wins Above Replacement) is a comprehensive metric used to evaluate a player's overall contribution. A comparison between Alonso and Freddie Freeman reveals critical differences in market positioning:
Player Career bWAR (First 6 Seasons) Average bWAR Age Range Pete Alonso 19.8 3.3 26-29 Freddie Freeman 21.5 3.58 First 6 Seasons Freddie Freeman (Before Age 29) 26.2 4.36 Before Age 29 Freeman's metrics, both during his early career and at a similar age range to Alonso, demonstrate greater stability and contributions. At age 31, Freeman signed a 6-year, $162 million contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers, setting the benchmark for first baseman salaries. In this context, Alonso's market ceiling may fall short of this standard.
4. Challenges for Agent Scott Boras
As Alonso's agent, Scott Boras is known for his aggressive negotiation strategies, often creating competition among multiple teams. However, the changing market environment limits his maneuverability. For instance, if the Baltimore Orioles, San Francisco Giants, and Toronto Blue Jays fail in their pursuit of Corbin Burnes, the Giants might reallocate their budget to target Alonso. However, such scenarios are low-probability events.
Additionally, the Cleveland Guardians' move to save $72.5 million through Naylor-related trades demonstrates a focus on cost efficiency. This trend exerts additional pressure on Alonso's bargaining leverage.
5. Strategy Adjustments and Market Prospects
In the free agent market, Alonso must account for the market's realities. He and Boras may need to adopt the following strategies:Conclusion
短期高薪合約：簽訂2-3年的高薪合約，增加未來再次進入市場的彈性。激勵條款設計：合約中包含基於表現的激勵條款，以減少買家的風險感知。差異化定位：聚焦於進攻端的長打能力，利用特定球隊（如巨人或洋基）的需求結構進行定向談判。
Alonso's market value is influenced by multiple factors, including performance metrics (particularly bWAR), age trajectory, and strikeout rate. These contribute to a cautious investment attitude among potential buyers. For Boras, finding breakthroughs in a constrained market environment will be critical. For Alonso, adapting to market realities and leveraging performance to secure the next contract is essential for realizing his long-term value.
MLB自由球員市場中，29歲的「北極熊」皮特·阿隆索 (Pete Alonso) 面臨重要的職業轉折點。本篇文章以運動經濟學的視角，剖析阿隆索的市場價值與潛在的策略選擇。
1. 市場情勢與競爭環境
自由球員市場的供需狀況直接影響阿隆索的市場定位。從近期簽約動態來看，33歲的內野手克里斯蒂安·沃克 (Christian Walker) 以3年6000萬美元加盟休士頓太空人 (Houston Astros)，顯示出市場對具備攻守全面能力、且年齡略長的選手仍保有需求。然而，阿隆索的高揮空率與相對平庸的防守表現，限制了其吸引力，特別是相較於一壘手的精英水準需求。
阿隆索目前的主要潛在買家包括紐約大都會 (New York Mets) 和紐約洋基 (New York Yankees)，但這兩支球隊的競價動力較弱。同時，西雅圖水手 (Seattle Mariners) 表現出對守護者一壘手喬許·奈洛 (Josh Naylor) 的興趣，可能削弱其作為經紀人斯科特·波拉斯 (Scott Boras) 提升價格工具的可能性。
2. 市場價值評估
根據 MLB Trade Rumors（MLBTR） 的評估，阿隆索的市場價值約為5年1.25億美元。然而，這一數字的實現前景存有不確定性。大都會在季中及季後可能提供的合約條件，預計與此評估相差不遠，但市場環境對於過高的薪資期望呈現出明顯的壓力。
值得注意的是，部分經紀團隊可能期望利用胡安·索托 (Juan Soto) 的高價合約來間接提升阿隆索的市場地位。然而，索托的「明星溢價」並不適用於數據驅動的價值衡量模式，特別是在揮空率較高的一壘手角色中，這樣的策略難以達成預期目標。
3. WAR數據對比的啟示
bWAR（Baseball Wins Above Replacement）是一個綜合性的球員價值衡量指標，用於比較球員的全能表現。將阿隆索與弗雷迪·弗里曼 (Freddie Freeman) 進行對比，可以揭示出重要的市場定位差異：
球員
生涯前六季 bWAR
年均 bWAR
年齡範圍
皮特·阿隆索 (Pete Alonso)
19.8
3.3
26-29歲
弗雷迪·弗里曼 (Freddie Freeman)
21.5
3.58
前6季
弗里曼（29歲前）
26.2
4.36
29歲前
弗里曼的數據無論是生涯早期還是在阿隆索同齡時期，都顯示出更高的穩定性與貢獻率。他31歲時以6年1.62億美元加盟洛杉磯道奇 (Los Angeles Dodgers)，創下一壘手的薪資天花板。在這一背景下，阿隆索的市場上限可能低於這一基準。
4. 經紀人波拉斯 (Scott Boras) 的策略挑戰
作為阿隆索的經紀人，波拉斯以談判策略強硬著稱，通常試圖在多支球隊間製造競爭。然而，市場環境的變化縮小了其操作空間。例如，如果巴爾的摩金鶯 (Baltimore Orioles)、舊金山巨人 (San Francisco Giants) 與多倫多藍鳥 (Toronto Blue Jays) 在爭奪科賓·伯恩斯 (Corbin Burnes) 的過程中出現結果偏差，巨人可能重新分配預算追求阿隆索，但這樣的情境屬於低機率事件。
此外，守護者 (Cleveland Guardians) 透過奈洛交易節省7250萬美元的操作，顯示出球隊對成本效率的高度重視，這對於阿隆索的議價能力形成進一步壓力。
5. 策略調整與市場前景
在自由球員市場，阿隆索需要考慮現實的市場條件。他與波拉斯可能需要採取以下策略：
結論
阿隆索的市場價值受到數據表現（特別是bWAR指標）、年齡曲線、揮空率等多重因素影響，導致需求方對其投資的保守態度。經紀人波拉斯如何在有限的市場環境中尋求突破，將成為阿隆索未來職業生涯的關鍵。對於阿隆索而言，適應市場現實並通過數據表現贏得下一份合約，是其長期價值實現的基石。
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O Captain! My Captain!
船長與航程：詩中的「船長」（Captain）象徵林肯，「船」象徵美國，而「航程」則隱喻南北戰爭。詩以航程結束（戰爭勝利）、船安全靠岸（國家統一）為背景，但船長（林肯）卻不幸喪生，表現出詩人的悲痛與敬意。對比與情感：詩中將勝利的喜悅與失去領袖的悲痛形成強烈對比：人們在歡慶國家的成功之際，詩人卻因林肯之死陷入深深的哀悼。惠特曼運用了「心」、「血」、「死亡」等意象，刻畫出沉痛的情感。重複與呼喚：詩多次呼喚「O Captain! My Captain!」，既是對林肯的懷念，也是對他的尊敬。詩中還用「父親」（Father）來比喻林肯，突顯他在國家重建中的重要角色。
By Walt Whitman
O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells;
Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle trills,
For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the shores a-crowding,
For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;
Here Captain! dear father!
This arm beneath your head!
It is some dream that on the deck,
You’ve fallen cold and dead.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will,
The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and done,
From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
《O Captain! My Captain!》是一首由美國詩人沃爾特·惠特曼（Walt Whitman）於1865年創作的詩，收錄在他的詩集《草葉集》（Leaves of Grass）中。這首詩是為悼念美國第16任總統亞伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln）而寫，林肯於南北戰爭結束後不久被刺殺。
典故說明：此詩結構整齊，韻律優美，既表達了個人對林肯的哀悼，也象徵著全國對這位偉大領袖的懷念。因其情感真摯、語言生動，詩作成為悼念林肯的重要文學作品。
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"Does practice really make perfect?"
John spends two hours every day playing his favorite songs but never stops to check if his chord transitions are accurate.Alex, on the other hand, spends 30 minutes daily focusing solely on improving the speed of his chord transitions. He also records himself playing and reviews it to identify mistakes.
We’ve all heard the saying "Practice makes perfect," but many psychologists and successful individuals argue that the way you practice is what determines whether you actually improve or not.
Today, we’ll explore this idea in depth and share some vivid examples to help you understand how deliberate practice can take your skills to the next level!
Part 1: What Is Deliberate Practice?
Our main point is this: practice isn’t just about repetition—it’s about strategy and goals.
Psychologist Anders Ericsson, the pioneer of the deliberate practice concept, emphasized that intentional, focused practice is the secret to mastering any skill.
Example 1: Learning Guitar
Imagine two people learning to play guitar:After three months, Alex can smoothly play complex songs, while John is still struggling at the same level.
Set Clear GoalsExample: Instead of saying, "I want to run faster," a beginner runner could set a specific goal like, "I want to finish a 5K in under 25 minutes within a month."Focus on Specific SkillsExample: A swimmer aiming to improve their speed might focus on perfecting their flip turns, as they directly impact lap times.Seek Immediate FeedbackExample: A dancer can record their performances or ask an instructor for real-time corrections to refine their movements.Challenge Your Comfort ZoneExample: Language learners can practice conversations with native speakers instead of sticking to simple exercises on a language app.Rest and ReflectExample: Acclaimed writer Haruki Murakami dedicates 4 hours a day to writing and balances it with running. He says physical rest helps him sustain his creativity and focus.
Takeaway: It’s not about how much time you spend practicing—it’s about targeting your weaknesses and improving them systematically.
Part 2: Why “Practice Makes Perfect” Can Be Misleading
Many people believe that practicing more automatically leads to perfection. Here’s an example that shows why this isn’t true.
Example 2: Free Throws in Basketball
NBA players practice free throws all the time, but not everyone can shoot like Stephen Curry. What’s his secret?
Curry doesn’t just "take more shots"—he ensures every practice session mimics the pressure of a real game. He sets time limits, simulates crowd noise, and imagines high-stakes scenarios, forcing himself to stay focused under pressure.
Insight: If your practice doesn’t reflect the challenges you’ll face in real situations, it won’t help you improve where it matters most.
Part 3: The Five Elements of Deliberate Practice
How can you make your practice more effective? Let’s break down the five key principles of deliberate practice, with practical examples for each:So there you have it! Today, we explored the differences between “practice makes perfect” and deliberate practice. We also shared practical stories to inspire you to adopt a more effective approach to learning and improvement.
這篇文章探討了「熟能生巧」和「刻意練習」的差異。文章指出，並非單純的練習就能讓人變得完美，更重要的是練習的方式。1 心理學家安德斯·艾利克森提出的「刻意練習」理論強調，有目標、有策略的練習才是精進的關鍵。1
文章以學習吉他為例，說明了刻意練習的重要性。小華每天只花 30 分鐘專注練習手指換和弦的速度，並錄影檢討，結果三個月後，他的技巧突飛猛進。23 反觀小明雖然每天花兩小時彈吉他，但卻從不檢討和弦的準確性，因此進步有限。2 這個例子說明了，練習的重點不在時間長短，而在於是否聚焦問題並持續改進。3
此外，文章還以 NBA 球星史蒂芬·柯瑞為例，說明了刻意練習的另一個重要面向：練習必須針對真實情境中的挑戰。4 柯瑞在練習罰球時，會模擬比賽的壓力，例如計算時間、設定分數、想像觀眾噓聲等，藉此提升自己在高壓環境下的專注力。4
文章最後總結了刻意練習的五個要素：
設定明確目標：例如，一位想學跑步的朋友，應該設定具體的目標，例如「一個月內把 5 公里跑進 25 分鐘」。5
專注特定技能：例如，想提升游泳速度的人，可以專注練習轉身技巧。6
尋求即時回饋：例如，學習舞蹈的人可以錄影檢討，或是請老師立即糾正錯誤。6
挑戰舒適區：例如，學習語言時，應該嘗試與母語者對話。6
適當休息和反思：例如，作家村上春樹每天寫作 4 小時後會去慢跑，讓身體休息，以便獲得更多創作靈感。7
總而言之，刻意練習的關鍵在於有目標、有策略，並且針對真實情境中的挑戰進行練習。
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Review: Web Scraping MLB Statistics to Predict Player Salaries Based on Performance
Data Construction and Web Scraping Techniques: Demonstrates a comprehensive workflow using web scraping to create high-quality datasets integrating player performance statistics, salary, and contract details.Analysis of Salary-Performance Matching: The model reveals the overvaluation of high-salary players and quantifies the undervaluation of seasoned low-salary players.Practical Implications for Decision-Making: The study provides scientific support for salary decision-making in team management, especially in contract negotiations and player value assessment.
Author: Alexander J. Schoessler
Publication Information: Swarthmore College Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards, Spring 2023
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between player performance and salaries in Major League Baseball (MLB) and predicts salary fairness using machine learning models. The research utilizes Python web scraping techniques to collect player performance statistics, personal details, and salary data from ESPN and Spotrac. Separate datasets for batters, starting pitchers, and relief pitchers were established. A linear regression model was applied to predict salaries and analyze the alignment between salaries and performance.
Results indicate that high-salary players (e.g., top batters and starting pitchers) are often overvalued, while seasoned players with strong performance but lower salaries are undervalued. The model achieved a moderate accuracy with R² scores ranging from 0.5 to 0.6.
Key ContributionsData Sources
Dataset Construction: Data was scraped using Python and integrated performance metrics with contract details to form comprehensive player datasets.Data Preprocessing: Included data cleaning, variable standardization, and grouping, with separate modeling for batters, starting pitchers, and relief pitchers.Salary Prediction Model: Linear regression was used for salary prediction, and the model's accuracy was evaluated using MAE and R² scores.
The data primarily came from ESPN and Spotrac, including player performance statistics, salary, and contract information.
MethodologyResults
Model Accuracy: The mean absolute error (MAE) for batters was $4.28 million, $3.66 million for starting pitchers, and $1.28 million for relief pitchers. R² scores ranged between 0.5 and 0.6.Salary Mismatch: High-salary players (e.g., some batters and starting pitchers) are often overvalued, while low-salary, high-performing players are undervalued.Conclusions and Recommendations
資料構建與爬取技術：展示了利用網頁爬蟲技術從多個數據來源建立高質量數據集的完整流程，包括球員技術指標、薪資與合約資料的整合。薪資與表現匹配分析：模型結果揭示了高薪球員的過度評價問題，並量化低薪資資深球員的價值低估。決策參考意義：本研究為球隊薪資決策提供了科學化的數據支持，特別是在合約談判與球員價值評估中具有應用潛力。
The study highlights significant structural issues in MLB salary distribution and recommends adopting data-driven methods for salary decision-making, using player performance metrics to enhance salary evaluations. Future research could improve prediction accuracy and utility by incorporating more advanced metrics and exploring other machine learning models.
Review: Web Scraping MLB Statistics to Predict Player Salaries Based on Performance
作者Alexander J. Schoessler
出版資訊Swarthmore College Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards, Spring 2023
摘要
本研究旨在探討美國職棒大聯盟（MLB）球員的表現與薪資之間的關係，並通過機器學習模型預測薪資是否合理。研究利用Python的網頁爬蟲技術，從ESPN與Spotrac網站收集MLB選手的技術指標、基本資料及薪資數據，並分別建立打者、先發投手與後援投手的數據集。最後，採用線性回歸模型進行薪資預測，並分析薪資與表現的匹配情況。
結果顯示，高薪球員（如頂尖打者與先發投手）可能被高估，而表現出色但薪資較低的資深球員則被低估，且模型的R²分數約為0.5-0.6，預測精度適中。
主要貢獻數據來源
數據集構建：使用Python爬取數據，結合技術指標與合約信息，構建包含完整選手數據的數據集。數據預處理：進行數據清洗、變數標準化與分組，並按照不同職位（打者、先發投手、後援投手）分別建模。薪資預測模型：採用線性回歸進行薪資預測，並評估模型準確性（使用MAE與R²分數）。
研究數據主要來自ESPN與Spotrac，包括球員技術指標、薪資與合約信息。
研究方法結果
模型準確性：打者的平均絕對誤差（MAE）為428萬美元，先發投手與後援投手分別為366萬與128萬美元，R²分數在0.5-0.6之間。薪資不匹配：高薪合約球員（如部分打者與先發投手）可能被高估，而表現出色的低薪球員則被低估。結論與建議
研究顯示MLB薪資分配中存在顯著的結構性問題，建議球隊在薪資決策中採用數據驅動的方法，結合球員技術指標進行更精準的薪資評估。此外，未來可通過引入更高階的技術指標與其他機器學習模型，進一步提升薪資預測的準確性與實用性。
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