Afleveringen
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This week we discuss vectors in a hotter world.
Vector-borne diseases, which are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies, pose a significant burden on global public health. These diseases disproportionately affect populations in tropical and subtropical regions, where environmental conditions favor the survival and proliferation of vectors. Given that vectors are ectothermic organisms, their life cycles, reproduction, survival rates, and geographic distribution are heavily influenced by climate variables such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity. Consequently, changes in climate patterns can have profound effects on the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases, altering their geographic spread and intensity.
Rising global temperatures have led to the expansion of vector habitats into previously unsuitable regions, including temperate zones. Warmer climates accelerate the development of many vectors and pathogens, reducing the extrinsic incubation period of viruses such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. Additionally, increased temperatures can extend the breeding season of mosquitoes like Aedes aegypti and Anopheles species, enhancing their capacity to transmit diseases such as malaria. Conversely, extreme heat events may reduce vector survival in some regions, leading to localized declines in transmission.
Changes in precipitation patterns also play a crucial role in shaping vector distribution. Heavy rainfall events can create new breeding sites for mosquitoes by increasing the availability of stagnant water, while drought conditions may drive vectors closer to human settlements in search of water sources. In particular, shifts in rainfall patterns have been linked to outbreaks of malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus in various parts of the world. Increased humidity can further facilitate the survival of certain pathogens within vectors, enhancing their ability to transmit infections.
Beyond climate variables, other anthropogenic factors contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Land use changes, such as deforestation and urbanization, have disrupted natural ecosystems, bringing vectors and humans into closer contact. For example, deforestation in the Amazon has been associated with increased malaria transmission due to the creation of new breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes. Similarly, expanding urban populations with inadequate water management systems provide ideal conditions for the proliferation of Aedes mosquitoes, driving the rise in dengue and chikungunya cases.
Globalization and human mobility further compound the issue by facilitating the movement of infected individuals and vectors across borders. Increased travel and trade have contributed to the introduction and establishment of vector-borne diseases in regions where they were previously rare. For instance, the spread of Aedes albopictus, a competent vector for dengue and chikungunya, has been linked to international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo plants, which serve as breeding grounds during transport.
The multifaceted relationship between climate change and vector-borne diseases presents a challenge for public health interventions. While climate factors influence vector dynamics, their impact is often modulated by socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, and public health responses. To mitigate the growing threat of vector-borne diseases, an integrated approach is necessary—combining climate adaptation strategies, vector control measures, surveillance programs, and community engagement.
Recent research underscores the importance of predictive modeling to anticipate outbreaks and inform public health policies. Advances in remote sensing, artificial intelligence, and climate modeling are enabling researchers to identify high-risk areas and implement targeted interventions. Strengthening early warning systems and investing in sustainable vector control strategies, such as genetically modified mosquitoes and Wolbachia-infected mosquito programs, offer promising avenues for reducing disease transmission.
In conclusion, while climate change is reshaping the global landscape of vector-borne diseases, its effects are complex and intertwined with other environmental and societal factors. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing proactive strategies to mitigate the risks associated with the redistribution of vectors and the spread of diseases worldwide. By integrating climate science, epidemiology, and public health measures, we can better prepare for emerging threats and protect vulnerable populations from the growing impact of vector-borne diseases.
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This week we discuss the basics about a topic several of our guests have spoken about- Ehlers Danlos Syndrome or EDS.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of inherited disorders that affect your connective tissues — primarily your skin, joints and blood vessel walls. Connective tissue is a complex mixture of proteins and other substances that provide strength and elasticity to the underlying structures in your body.
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes received a major overhaul in 2017 and this is what we now know:
EDS are heritable connective tissue disorders affecting the quality of collagen in every part of the body.
There are now 13 recognized subtypes of EDS, 12 of which are genuinely rare and have the aberrant gene identified.
Hypermobile EDS (hEDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) is by far the most common type; these conditions are part of a spectrum and the distinction is hoped to be useful for research, but is otherwise academic.
hEDS/HSD is a multi-system disorder which can have a marked impact on health and which may help us to explain apparently mysterious multiple symptoms.
Don’t let the changing terminology confuse you. 3.4% of the population have generalized joint hypermobility and chronic widespread pain (a proxy for the now obsolete diagnosis of joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS).
Patients who in the past received a diagnosis of JHS (or Benign JHS), EDS-Hypermobility Type or EDS Type III would now be categorized as having hEDS or HSD.
“If you can’t connect the issues, think connective tissues” Non-specific and medically unexplained symptoms are usually real and should not be dismissed It can be easy to make a big difference to the quality of life of some of your most complex patients with a few simple and inexpensive measures, but the journey starts with recognition.
The median time from symptom onset to seeking a GP opinion is 2 years and the median time to diagnosis 10 years. If we make an early diagnosis and manage the conditions appropriately, there may be potential to reduce long term disability which can occur from EDS.
Enquire about family members; these are hereditary disorders of connective tissue so positive family histories are common. Although no gene has yet been identified, hEDS is primarily of autosomal dominant inheritance.
Children can present with symptoms of hEDS/HSD, including abdominal symptoms or growing pains. They may also present with neurodevelopmental disorders such as hyperactivity, inattention, dyspraxia, autistic spectrum disorder, sleep, and food issues, emotional problems, hypersensitivity and anxiety.
A low Beighton score does not exclude hEDS/HSD,. Patients stiffen with age so their Beighton score may decrease, although pain may worsen. The extent of multi-system symptoms is not related to the Beighton score.
Consider co-existing conditions; In recent years, we have begun to understand more about associated or co-morbid conditions which are frequently found in people with hEDS, including autonomic dysfunction (postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) and symptomatic low blood pressure), mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
(Credits: GPTOOLKIT)
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This week we discuss "Food is Medicine". The concept of "food is medicine" refers to the idea that certain foods and dietary patterns can play a significant role in promoting health, preventing disease, and managing chronic conditions.
This concept is based on the notion that food is not only a source of energy and nutrients but also a powerful tool for influencing our physiological and biochemical processes. Access to affordable, nutritious food is crucial for good health, yet many Americans, particularly in under-resourced communities, face barriers. The result? A $1.1 trillion healthcare bill for diet-related diseases — equal to all the money we currently spend on food itself.
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Our guest today is Evelyn Gamble. Evelyn is a dedicated healthcare worker and passionate heart disease advocate. With a deep commitment to improving health outcomes, Evelyn uses her personal and professional experiences to raise awareness about heart health, particularly for young adults. As a strong voice for change, she aims to inspire others to take proactive steps in managing their heart health and to advocate for better care and resources for those affected by heart disease. Definition: A heart arrhythmia, also known as a cardiac arrhythmia, is an abnormal rhythm of the heart. It occurs when the electrical impulses that control the heart's contractions do not function properly. Causes: Heart arrhythmias can be caused by a wide range of factors, including: Heart disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, heart failure) Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., low potassium or magnesium) Certain medications (e.g., stimulants, caffeine) Thyroid disorders Damage to the Vagus Nerve Stress Genetics Types: There are many different types of heart arrhythmias, which can be classified based on the rate and rhythm of the heart: Tachycardia: A rapid heart rate (over 100 beats per minute) Bradycardia: A slow heart rate (under 60 beats per minute) Atrial fibrillation: A quivering or irregular rhythm of the upper chambers of the heart (atria) Ventricular fibrillation: A life-threatening rhythm where the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) contract irregularly and chaotically Premature beats: Extra heartbeats that occur early in the rhythm Symptoms: Some people with heart arrhythmias may not experience any symptoms. Others may have symptoms such as: Palpitations (feeling like the heart is racing or fluttering), Chest pain or discomfort, Dizziness or lightheadedness, Fainting, and Shortness of breath. Diagnosis and Treatment: To diagnose a heart arrhythmia, your doctor will likely perform a physical exam, ask about your medical history, and take an electrocardiogram (ECG). Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the arrhythmia and may include: Medications (e.g., beta-blockers, antiarrhythmics) Lifestyle changes (e.g., exercise, stress management) Surgery (e.g., ablation procedure) Implantable devices (e.g., pacemakers, defibrillators) Outlook: The outlook for people with heart arrhythmias varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.
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This week's episode we will discuss the resurgence of TB/ Tuberculosis. TB is a treatable and curable disease. Active, drug-susceptible TB disease is treated with a standard 6-month course of 4 antimicrobial drugs that are provided with information and support to the patient by a health worker or trained volunteer. Without such support, treatment adherence is more difficult.
Since 2000, an estimated 66 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment. (credits: WHO)
A total of 1.5 million people died from TB in 2020 (including 214 000 people with HIV). Worldwide, TB is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19 (above HIV/AIDS).
In 2020, an estimated 10 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide. 5.6 million men, 3.3 million women and 1.1 million children. TB is present in all countries and age groups. But TB is curable and preventable.
In 2020, 1.1 million children fell ill with TB globally. Child and adolescent TB is often overlooked by health providers and can be difficult to diagnose and treat.
In 2020, the 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 86% of new TB cases. Eight countries account for two thirds of the total, with India leading the count, followed by China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.
Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. Only about one in three people with drug resistant TB accessed treatment in 2020.
Globally, TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year and between 2015 and 2020 the cumulative reduction was 11%. This was over half way to the End TB Strategy milestone of 20% reduction between 2015 and 2020.
An estimated 66 million lives were saved through TB diagnosis and treatment between 2000 and 2020.
Globally, close to one in two TB-affected households face costs higher than 20% of their household income, according to latest national TB patient cost survey data. The world did not reach the milestone of 0% TB patients and their households facing catastrophic costs as a result of TB disease by 2020.
By 2022, US$ 13 billion is needed annually for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care to achieve the global target agreed at the UN high level-meeting on TB in 2018.
Funding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that account for 98% of reported TB cases falls far short of what is needed. Spending in 2020 amounted to US$ 5.3 billion less than half (41%) of the global target.
There was an 8.7% decline in spending between 2019 and 2020 (from US$ 5.8 billion to US$ 5.3 billion), with TB funding in 2020 back to the level of 2016.
Ending the TB epidemic by 2030 is among the health targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable.
TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected.
About one-quarter of the world's population has a TB infection, which means people have been infected by TB bacteria but are not (yet) ill with the disease and cannot transmit it.
People infected with TB bacteria have a 5–10% lifetime risk of falling ill with TB. Those with compromised immune systems, such as people living with HIV, malnutrition or diabetes, or people who use tobacco, have a higher risk of falling ill.
When a person develops active TB disease, the symptoms (such as cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss) may be mild for many months. This can lead to delays in seeking care, and results in transmission of the bacteria to others. People with active TB can infect 5–15 other people through close contact over the course of a year. Without proper treatment, 45% of HIV-negative people with TB on average and nearly all HIV-positive people with TB will die.
Who is most at risk?Tuberculosis mostly affects adults in their most productive years. However, all age groups are at risk. Over 95% of cases and deaths are in developing countries.
People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active TB (see TB and HIV section below). The risk of active TB is also greater in persons suffering from other conditions that impair the immune system. People with undernutrition are 3 times more at risk. Globally in 2020, there were 1.9 million new TB cases that were attributable to undernutrition.
Alcohol use disorder and tobacco smoking increase the risk of TB disease by a factor of 3.3 and 1.6, respectively. In 2020, 0.74 million new TB cases worldwide were attributable to alcohol use disorder and 0.73 million were attributable to smoking.
Global impact of TBTB occurs in every part of the world. In 2020, the largest number of new TB cases occurred in the WHO South-East Asian Region, with 43% of new cases, followed by the WHO African Region, with 25% of new cases and the WHO Western Pacific with 18%.
In 2020, 86% of new TB cases occurred in the 30 high TB burden countries. Eight countries accounted for two thirds of the new TB cases: India, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa.
Symptoms and diagnosisCommon symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood at times, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. WHO recommends the use of rapid molecular diagnostic tests as the initial diagnostic test in all persons with signs and symptoms of TB as they have high diagnostic accuracy and will lead to major improvements in the early detection of TB and drug-resistant TB. Rapid tests recommended by WHO are the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Truenat assays.
Diagnosing multidrug-resistant and other resistant forms of TB (see Multidrug-resistant TB section below) as well as HIV-associated TB can be complex and expensive.
Tuberculosis is particularly difficult to diagnose in children.
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Our guest today is a Physical Therapist that specializes in Sciatica.
Dean Volk, MPT, and owner of Sciatica Relief Now, has spent over 33 years revolutionizing sciatica treatment. After owning three successful clinics and a cash concierge practice and working with professional athletes, Volk transitioned to a virtual model in 2018, turning this side hustle into a full-time operation in 2021. Now based in Santa Monica, CA, Dean and his team of coaches provide virtual consultations and coaching to clients worldwide, helping them live their lives to the fullest.
The cornerstone of Sciatica Relief Now’s success is Volk’s unique approach, which operates 180 degrees opposite to traditional physical therapy and chiropractic methods. Unlike many standard treatments that rely on generic exercises, stretching, or painful adjustments, Sciatica Relief Now focuses on finding the right motion for each individual’s body. This personalized approach addresses the root causes of their pain.
Dean Volk explains, “We believe that the right motion is lotion for the body. Our approach does not involve stretching or digging into the painful side. Instead, we teach our clients to view their sciatica as a wound that needs to heal. By helping them balance out their bodies and reduce compensation, we put their bodies in an optimal position to heal.”
Sciatica Relief Now’s 8-week programs, offered through both group and one-on-one coaching, have helped clients return to activities they once thought were impossible. From professional rowing and marathon running to everyday tasks like gardening and walking, clients are finding long-lasting relief and regaining their quality of life.
One of the key differentiators of Sciatica Relief Now is its 100% virtual model. This allows clients to receive expert guidance and support from the comfort of their own homes, eliminating the need for time-consuming travel and waiting room visits. Dean Volk’s team offers both group coaching and personalized one-on-one sessions, complemented by their DWY (Do With You) Online course, which empowers clients to take control of their own healing process.
By focusing on common-sense solutions and teaching clients how to heal their bodies naturally, Volk and his team are making a significant impact on the lives of those suffering from sciatica.
Dean Volk’s dedication to his craft and his clients is evident in his continuous efforts to refine and perfect his treatment protocols. Over the last 16 years, he has diligently worked on his approach. His commitment to education and empowerment is further demonstrated through his extensive experience before he sold his clinics in 2020.
With a focus on simplicity and effectiveness, Sciatica Relief Now’s methods are designed to be accessible and understandable for all clients. The virtual nature of the service also means that clients from anywhere in the world can benefit from Volk’s expertise and guidance.
For those interested in exploring a new, effective approach to sciatica relief, Sciatica Relief Now offers a promising solution. By thinking differently about sciatica treatment and focusing on the right motion for each individual, Dean Volk and his team are helping people reclaim their lives and move forward without the fear of debilitating pain.
For more information, visit Sciatica Relief Now, follow @SciaticaReliefNow, and check out the YouTube Channel.
Contact Information: Dean Volk Email: [email protected]
About Sciatica Relief Now: Sciatica Relief Now helps sciatica sufferers who have failed multiple treatment approaches find relief and regain their lives without medications, injections, or surgery. Founded by Dean Volk, MPT, the company offers a unique, 100% virtual approach that teaches clients how to heal their bodies naturally.
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In this episode we will discuss Myasthenia Gravis, an Autoimmune Disease affecting the neuromuscular system of the body with Tasha White, Director of a new Non-profit organization called My Walk with MG located in St. Louis, MO.
Myasthenia gravis is a chronic neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the voluntary muscles. Voluntary muscles include muscles that connect to a person’s bones, muscles in the face, throat, and diaphragm. They contract to move the arms and legs and are essential for breathing, swallowing and facial movements. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body’s defense system mistakenly attacks healthy cells or proteins needed for normal functioning.
The onset of the disorder may be sudden. Symptoms may not be immediately recognized as myasthenia gravis. The degree of muscle weakness involved varies greatly among individuals.
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This week we discuss blood clots
A blood clot is a clump of blood that has changed from a liquid to a gel-like or semisolid state. Clotting is a necessary process that can help prevent excessive blood loss when you have a cut, for example.
Thrombosis is when a blood clot forms and reduces blood flow.
There are two types:
Arterial thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in an artery.
Venous thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein.
When a clot forms inside one of your veins, it may dissolve on its own.
However, sometimes a clot doesn’t dissolve on its own, or part of it breaks off and travels elsewhere in your circulatory system. When this happens, the blood clot may get stuck elsewhere and restrict blood flow, known as embolism.
These situations can be very dangerous and even life threatening.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 in 2 people don’t experience any symptoms when they have a deep venous blood clot.
When symptoms do appear, it’s important to get immediate medical attention.
Medical emergency
A blood clot may be a medical emergency and life threatening if left untreated.
Call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room immediately if you or someone you’re with experiences symptoms of a serious blood clot, such as:
sudden shortness of breath
chest pressure
difficulty breathing, seeing, or speaking
Call a doctor or seek medical attention if you experience throbbing, swelling, and tenderness in one body part.
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This week we discuss hearing loss. A person who is not able to hear as well as someone with normal hearing – hearing thresholds of 20 dB or better in both ears – is said to have hearing loss. Hearing loss may be mild, moderate, severe or profound. It can affect one ear or both ears and leads to difficulty in hearing conversational speech or loud sounds.
Hard of hearing refers to people with hearing loss ranging from mild to severe. People who are hard of hearing usually communicate through spoken language and can benefit from hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other assistive devices as well as captioning.
Hearing loss that comes on little by little as you age, also known as presbycusis, is common. More than half the people in the United States older than age 75 have some age-related hearing loss.
There are three types of hearing loss:
Conductive, which involves the outer or middle ear. Sensorineural, which involves the inner ear. Mixed, which is a mix of the two.Aging and being around loud noises both can cause hearing loss. Other factors, such as too much earwax, can lower how well ears work for a time.
Deaf people mostly have profound hearing loss, which implies very little or no hearing. They often use sign language for communication. We will not cover deafness during this episode
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In this episode we will discuss food safety at the holidays. From prep to serving there are important tips to remember to ensure a toxin free meal for everyone!
Parties, family dinners, and other gatherings where food is served are all part of the holiday cheer. But the joy can change to misery if food makes you or others ill.
Typical symptoms of foodborne illness, also known as food poisoning, are vomiting, diarrhea, and flu-like symptoms, which can start anywhere from hours to days after contaminated food or drinks are consumed.
The symptoms usually are not long-lasting in healthy people — a few hours or a few days — and usually go away without medical treatment. But foodborne illness can be severe and even life-threatening to anyone, especially those most at risk:
older adults
infants and young children
pregnant people
people with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, cancer, or any condition that weakens their immune system
people who take medicines that suppress the immune system; for example, some medicines for lupus, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis
The good news is that practicing four basic food safety measures can help prevent foodborne illness.
1. Clean:The first rule of safe food preparation in the home is to keep everything clean.
Wash hands with warm water and soap for 20 seconds before and after handling any food. To help you remember, it takes about 20 seconds to sing "Happy Birthday" two times.
Wash food-contact surfaces (cutting boards, dishes, utensils, countertops) with hot, soapy water after preparing each food item and before going on to the next item.
Rinse fruits and vegetables thoroughly under cool running water and use a produce brush to remove surface dirt.
Do not rinse raw meat and poultry before cooking. Washing these foods makes it more likely for bacteria to spread to areas around the sink and countertops.
2. Separate:Don't give bacteria the opportunity to spread from one food to another (cross-contamination).
Keep raw eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, and their juices away from foods that won't be cooked. Take this precaution while shopping in the store, when storing in the refrigerator at home, and while preparing meals.
Consider using one cutting board only for foods that will be cooked (such as raw meat, poultry, and seafood) and another one for foods that will not be cooked (such as raw fruits and vegetables).
Keep fruits and vegetables that will be eaten raw separate from other foods such as raw meat, poultry or seafood — and from kitchen utensils used for those products.
Do not put cooked meat or other food that is ready to eat on an unwashed plate that has held any raw eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, or their juices.
3. Cook:Food is safely cooked when it reaches a high enough internal temperature to kill harmful bacteria.
Color is not a reliable indicator of doneness. Use a food thermometer to make sure meat, poultry, and fish are cooked to a safe internal temperature. To check a turkey for safety, insert a food thermometer into the innermost part of the thigh and wing and the thickest part of the breast. The turkey is safe when the temperature reaches 165ºF. If the turkey is stuffed, the temperature of the stuffing should be 165ºF. (Please read on for more pointers on stuffing.)
Bring sauces, soups, and gravies to a rolling boil when reheating.
Cook eggs until the yolk and white are firm. When making your own eggnog or other recipe calling for raw eggs, use pasteurized shell eggs, liquid or frozen pasteurized egg products, or powdered egg whites.
Don't eat uncooked cookie dough, which may contain raw eggs and raw flour.
4. Chill:Refrigerate foods quickly because harmful bacteria grow rapidly at room temperature.
Refrigerate leftovers and takeout foods — and any type of food that should be refrigerated — within two hours. That includes pumpkin pie!
Set your refrigerator at or below 40ºF and the freezer at 0ºF. Check both periodically with an appliance thermometer.
Never defrost food at room temperature. Food can be defrosted safely in the refrigerator, under cold running water, or in the microwave. Food thawed in cold water or in the microwave should be cooked immediately.
Allow the correct amount of time to properly thaw food. For example, a 20-pound turkey needs four to five days to thaw completely when thawed in the refrigerator.
Don't taste food that looks or smells questionable. A good rule to follow is, when in doubt, throw it out.
Leftovers should be used within three to four days.
Bonus Tip: Use Care with Stuffing!Whether it is cooked inside or outside the bird, all stuffing and dressing must be cooked to a minimum temperature of 165ºF. For optimum safety, cooking your stuffing in a casserole dish is recommended.
Stuffing should be prepared and stuffed into the turkey immediately before it's placed in the oven.
Mix wet and dry ingredients for the stuffing separately and combine just before using.
The turkey should be stuffed loosely, about 3/4 cup stuffing per pound of turkey.
Any extra stuffing should be baked in a greased casserole dish.
(CREDITS: FDA)
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This week we discuss Abdominal adhesions. These are bands of scar tissue that form between abdominal tissues and organs. Like the name suggests, the tissue can cause your organs to “adhere,” or stick together. Adhesions commonly form after abdominal surgery. Typically, you don’t need treatment unless they cause a complication, like a small bowel obstruction.
Abdominal adhesions are bands of scar tissue that form between the organs in your belly and pelvis. Mainly, they form between loops of your small intestine. They can also form between an organ and the wall of your abdominal cavity.
Your abdominal cavity contains your:
Digestive system, including your stomach and intestines. Female reproductive organs. Kidneys and adrenal glands. Liver. Pancreas. Spleen.Adhesions occur when there’s injury or inflammation in your abdomen. They can even form from normal handling during surgery. In fact, they’re most common after abdominal surgery. As a natural part of healing, scar tissue forms that can cause tissues to stiffen and stick together (“adhere”).
How common are abdominal adhesions?Abdominal adhesions are the most common consequence of having surgery on your abdomen. The majority of people develop adhesions after abdominal surgery. But most people don’t need treatment unless they’re experiencing symptoms.
Adhesions are also the most common cause of a small bowel obstruction. A bowel obstruction is a medical emergency that involves complete or partial blockage in your intestines.
(credits Cleveland Clinic) -
The first human vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create a vaccine for humans.
Vaccines are made using several different processes. They may contain live viruses that have been attenuated (weakened or altered so as not to cause illness); inactivated or killed organisms or viruses; inactivated toxins (for bacterial diseases where toxins generated by the bacteria, and not the bacteria themselves, cause illness); or merely segments of the pathogen (this includes both subunit and conjugate vaccines).
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This week we will discuss possible treatment methods for AFIB.
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common type of irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) that occurs when the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat chaotically and out of sync with the lower chambers (ventricles). This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including:
Palpitations (a feeling of a racing or irregular heartbeat)
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Chest discomfort
AFib can increase the risk of blood clots, stroke, heart failure, and other heart-related complications.
Treatment Options for AFibManagement of AFib focuses on controlling the heart rate and rhythm, preventing blood clots, and addressing underlying conditions contributing to the arrhythmia. The choice of treatment depends on the individual's symptoms, overall health, and risk factors.
1. MedicationsMedications are often the first line of treatment for AFib. These include:
Rate-Control Medications
Aim to slow the heart rate to a normal range.
Common drugs: Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol), calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem, verapamil), and digoxin.
Rhythm-Control Medications
Help restore and maintain a normal heart rhythm.
Common drugs: Antiarrhythmics like amiodarone, flecainide, or sotalol.
Anticoagulants (Blood Thinners)
Reduce the risk of stroke by preventing blood clots.
Examples: Warfarin, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) like apixaban (Eliquis) or rivaroxaban (Xarelto).
2. Ablation TherapyAblation is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at correcting the electrical signals causing AFib. It is typically recommended for individuals who:
Do not respond to or cannot tolerate medications.
Have recurrent or persistent AFib that significantly impacts quality of life.
Types of ablation:
Catheter Ablation
Uses thin tubes (catheters) inserted into blood vessels to deliver energy (radiofrequency or cryotherapy) to destroy small areas of heart tissue causing abnormal electrical signals.
Surgical Ablation (Maze Procedure)
Often performed during open-heart surgery for other conditions, creating scar tissue to block abnormal signals.
Both options have high success rates, but catheter ablation is more commonly performed due to its minimally invasive nature.
Choosing the Right TreatmentDeciding between medications or ablation depends on factors such as:
The severity and frequency of symptoms.
The presence of other medical conditions.
Patient preference and lifestyle.
Consultation with a cardiologist or electrophysiologist is crucial to tailor treatment to the individual’s needs.
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This week we are talking about the Vagus Nerve. The vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) is a critical part of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for regulating vital functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration. It extends from the brainstem (medulla oblongata) through the neck and chest to the abdomen, with motor and sensory fibers allowing communication between the brain and organs. The vagus nerve has two branches—left and right—which overlap in regulating autonomic functions.
Functions and ImportanceCardiac and Pulmonary Regulation: The left vagus nerve primarily innervates the heart, while the right focuses on the lungs, though both contribute to overall regulation.
Digestive System Support: It promotes digestion by increasing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and stimulating enzyme release.
Mental Health and Inflammation: The vagus nerve influences mood, anxiety, and stress by connecting to brain areas that regulate emotions. It also modulates inflammation, reducing pro-inflammatory molecules.
Enteric Nervous System Connection: Acting as a bridge between the brain and the "second brain" in the gut, the vagus nerve ensures coordination of digestive processes.
Vulnerability to InjuryDue to its extensive pathway, the vagus nerve is prone to injury from trauma, surgery, infections, tumors, or certain medical conditions. Common causes include:
Trauma: Accidents, falls, or sports injuries affecting the neck or chest.
Surgical Complications: Procedures in the neck, chest, or abdomen can unintentionally damage the nerve.
Medical Conditions: Disorders such as gastric ulcers, reflux, or tumors may affect the nerve. Infections like Lyme disease or meningitis are also potential causes.
Idiopathic Cases: Sometimes, the cause of vagus nerve injury remains unknown, requiring further investigation.
Symptoms of Vagus Nerve InjuryInjury symptoms depend on the severity and location of damage and may include:
Cardiovascular: Rapid or irregular heartbeat, blood pressure changes.
Digestive: Bloating, constipation, diarrhea, or difficulty swallowing.
Voice and Throat: Hoarseness, voice changes.
General: Anxiety, depression, or excessive sweating.
Diagnosis and ManagementDiagnosing vagus nerve damage involves imaging, nerve conduction studies, and blood tests to assess functionality. Early detection is crucial for effective management and preventing complications. Prompt medical intervention can improve symptoms and enhance quality of life.
Understanding the vagus nerve’s anatomy and functions underscores its significance in maintaining overall health, aiding healthcare professionals in diagnosing and addressing related dysfunctions.
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Our guest this week is Christine James. Christine is a mother to two daughters, 19 and 23, a nurse of 8 ½ years and now a chronic pain patient. She was happy to take the time to speak with us in order to bring awareness to a rare and largely unknown disease: CRPS or Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.
As a nurse she worked in the fields of home health, acute medical, psych, long term care, dialysis; and has floated to many other units within hospitals. She has worked at the bedside and have also held supervisory positions. Passionate about her career as a nurse, she hopes to get well enough to work again.
In her 20’s she was diagnosed with degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis of the spine. Over the course of many years she went through many procedures and treatments due to lumbar disc herniations to include six back surgeries- one of which resulted in permanent damage to her L-5/S-1 nerve root resulting in permanent right foot drop, and one of which was a fusion of L-5/S-1 using four screws and two rods.
After walking 10 years with foot drop and working as a nurse the instability and condition in her right ankle caused constant swelling and pain which led her to seek further treatment. It was found that her joint was arthritic and the bones were collapsing out of position. Her Achilles tendon was also found to be too tight. On March 11, 2024 she underwent a right Achilles tendon release, tendon transfer to improve foot drop. Three weeks later the symptoms of CRPS were recognized by her surgeon and she was diagnosed on April 8, 2024.
Due to her foundation of knowledge as a nurse and due to her drive to get better, she joined multiple social media platforms in search of how to find the treatment she needed and through that process she also began helping others learn about this disease.
When she is feeling healthy, she enjoys many creative hobbies, gardening, and is an avid concertgoer. She has two cats, & lives with her boyfriend in Michigan. They are currently struggling to make it through this difficult time with her health. Financial issues have become bad enough that she sold personal items, used food pantries, and started a gofundme.
She is currently active in Facebook groups and has a TikTok account that she uses to network with others that have CRPS, chronic pain, and chronic illness.
She is grateful to participate in the online community in any way to bring awareness and understanding to CRPS sufferers.
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This week we discuss the field of Functional Neurology with Dr. Alexander Zubkov. Stroke care is complex and does not stop when a patient is discharged from the hospital. As a Functional Neurologist, Dr. Zubkov offers comprehensive follow-up for Stroke care, and focus on prevention through health and wellness. According to his online presence, these are the benefits of such tailored medical care:
Benefits of Integrative Neurology and Functional Medicine Identify the root cause of your illness Decrease excessive inflammation Balance your brain Reversal of cognitive decline Improve your overall health State of the art laboratory testing Nutritionist evaluation Short and long-term health planning Physician-grade supplementDr. Zubkov believes that we are facing an epidemic of unhealthy lifestyles and environments, but there is hope for change. You have the power to make positive changes in your life, and it doesn't have to be a sacrifice of joy and fun. With one voice and one mind, we can learn to eat real food, exercise, and rest to achieve radiant health.
While crisis care is excellent in acute cases, the current model of healthcare fails in preventing and treating chronic diseases. However, since the early 90s, there has been a wealth of rock-solid studies proving that many chronic illnesses are preventable. The problem is that the abundance of information can lead to confusion, without the specific context for each individual.
Core Beliefs:Dr. Zubkov knows that each person is unique, and it's not enough to simply tell them what not to eat. By understanding their personal story and history, teaching them, and backing up strategies with proper laboratory assessments, we can make meaningful changes towards a healthier life. So don't lose hope - you have the power to improve your health and wellbeing.
Dr. Zubkov founded Mind Body Neurology, PLLC to help patients to recover from neurological diseases through holistic approach. -
The winter season brings cold temperatures and severe weather conditions that create many hazards for individuals working in areas that experience these conditions. Even if you work indoors, winter weather still poses many hazards for you, such as driving into work in bad weather or walking through an icy parking lot to get to your building. It is important to recognize and address the hazards the winter season brings with it.
During extremely cold weather or winter storms, staying warm and safe can be a challenge. Winter storms can bring cold temperatures, power failures, loss of communication services, and icy roads. To keep yourself and your loved ones safe, you should know how to prepare your home and your car before a winter storm hits.
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This week we are talking once again with Dan "Dry Dock" Shockley on "Staying Healthy as a Veteran" For Veteran's Day this year we are featuring Dan because even though he has been dealt a hard blow with a hereditary colon cancer gene he is not letting that slow him down one bit! As a matter of fact he is thriving and advocating for others around the globe as a hereditary colon cancer ambassador! Here is some more about Dan:
Dan Dry Dock Shockley, retired U.S. Navy veteran; Operation Desert Storm; Enduring and Iraqi Freedom veteran and a hereditary colon cancer WARRIOR.The U.S. based Colon Cancer Alliance featured his journey for their Veterans Day blog. The below url provided for your reading pleasure:
https://www.ccalliance.org/blog/prevention/dan-drydock-shockley-colon-cancer-warrior-forges-on
Also, in honor of Rare Cancer Day, 30 September, the NORDpod featured him as a special guest.
The below url provided for your listening pleasure:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/6cJJwWXEp34wD8ulFBXNQu?si=m6_V8YwJRwqEAWxXzTp3Cw&utm_source=native-share-menu&dl_branch=1
Additionally, he has been a regular contributor to the UK based Rare Revolution team. They recently invited me to be part of their National Patient Advocate Day campaign. My input can be viewed on Instagram:
https://www.instagram.com/tv/CSwmNDwjuLQ/?utm_medium=copy_link
In closing, here's his latest article which was featured by the Montreal based, RareDIG Organization.
https://www.raredigmcgill.com/HORD/Season-Four
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In this episode we will discuss Halloween Safety during COVID
Fall celebrations like Halloween and Harvest Day are fun times for children, who at one time could dress up in costumes, enjoy parties, and eat yummy treats.
These celebrations also provide a chance to give out healthy snacks, get physical activity, and focus on safety.
Check out these tips to help make the festivities fun and safe for trick-or-treaters and some ideas to replace typical parties during these uncommonly scary times.
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Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling tiny crystalline particles of silica, or silicon dioxide, often linked to work environments like mining, construction, stonework, and sandblasting. The disease leads to symptoms such as coughing, inflammation, and fibrosis (scarring) and is classified under pneumoconioses, a group of lung conditions caused by inhaling dust. Silicosis can be chronic, developing over more than 10 years of exposure; subacute, occurring in two to five years with heavier exposure; or acute, which can happen within months of intense exposure. Although silicosis is irreversible and has no cure, treatments are available to manage symptoms.
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