To the casual observer, the fight over Israel’s judicial reform appears to be a quarrel about technicalities and procedures. It’s anything but: the battle, which has driven hundreds of thousands of Israelis to the streets week after week for years now, is an attempt to address some of the most profound questions Israelis have been asking since before the state’s founding. Is Israel a Jewish State or a state for the Jews? What, exactly, is the difference? And who gets to decide? Understanding this debate is essential to understanding Israel today and where the country is headed.