Afleveringen
-
Lousy pilots? Fierce storms? Rampaging currents? Some of these galleons never stood a chance. (Listen to S6E13 before this one.)
-
The route of a Spanish galleon from Manila to Acapulco was littered with the wrecks of ships that sailed before—hit by storms, hammered by tides, preyed on by pirates. Meanwhile, on the filthy decks, hunger and disease stalked the ranks of the sailors, slaves, and passengers. Spanning thousands of kilometers, every voyage of the Galleon Trade was grueling and lethal… but for the investors who bet fortunes on the trade ships, the payoff was worth every dead body.
In this episode, let’s sail aboard a galleon as it makes its way from Manila to Mexico. Will we make it to the end alive?
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
References:
Casabán, José Luis (2014). “The Reconstruction of a Seventeenth-Century Spanish Galleon.” 2014 Underwater Archaeology Proceedings.
Legarda, Benito J. (1999). After the Galleons: Foreign Trade, Economic Change and Entrepreneurship in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. Ateneo de Manila Press.
Seijas, Tatiana (2014). Asian Slaves in Colonial Mexico: From Chinos to Indians. Cambridge University Press.
Isorena, Efren B. (2015). “Maritime Disasters in Spanish Philippines: The Manila-Acapulco Galleons, 1565-1815.” International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 11(1), pp. 53-83.
Schurz, William Lyle (July 1918). “Acapulco and the Manila Galleon.” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 22(1), pp. 18-37.
Hayes, Lieutenant John D. (December 1934). “The Manila Galleons.” Proceedings of the US Naval Institute, 60(12).
Worrall, Simon (15 January 2017). “A Nightmare Disease Haunted Ships During Age of Discovery.” National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/scurvy-disease-discovery-jonathan-lamb
Morris, David Z. (17 May 2016). “Cruel ships of prosperity.” Aeon. https://aeon.co/essays/the-manila-galleons-that-oceaneered-for-plague-and-profit
-
Zijn er afleveringen die ontbreken?
-
Costumes, backdrops, dedications—in the 1900s, having your photo taken in a studio and sending prints to loved ones was the hot new thing in the Philippines! (Listen to S6E12 before this one.)
-
When the Americans arrive to take over the Philippines, amateur photographers take pictures of every possible inch of their new possession. Snapshots soon emerge from inside the cemeteries of towns and cities, showcasing an eerie and macabre trend. It seems that not even the most private places of the dead would be spared from the camera’s roving, ravenous, pinhole eye.
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
Additional audio from Marques Brownlee, Dave 2D, and The Verge.
References:
Capozzola, Christopher (2017). “Photography and Power in the Colonial Philippines - 1.” Visualizing Cultures at the Massachusets Institute of Technology.
Lutz, Peter (1994-2024). “Beginners Guide To Understanding And Using A Brownie Box Camera.” Brownie-camera.com. https://www.brownie-camera.com/articles/petelutz/article.shtml
Williams, Nigel (17 July 2021). “Early Cameras, a Timeline.” A Flash of Darkness. https://flashofdarkness.com/early-cameras-timeline/
The Curious World (7 February 2024). “Taking pictures with a nearly-100 year old camera | Kodak No. 2 Brownie” [video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TXoSRDVJ3B4
Stricklin, Krystle Elaine (2022). “Grave Visions: Photography, Violence, and Death in the American Empire, 1898 – 1913” [dissertation]. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Florida State University.
Rafael, Vicente (2000). White Love and Other Events in Filipino History. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Barretto, Grace (2000). “A Survey of Literature on Indigenous Archaeological Practices and Their Archaeological Implications." Indigenous Peoples, 15(2).
Dakudao, Michelangelo (1998). “The Development of Cemeteries in Manila Before 1941.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 26(1-2), pp. 254-271.
-
Scourge, scientist… and slave owner! Discover the ties of one of England’s most famous mariners to Philippine history. (Listen to S6E11 before listening to this one!)
-
In 1719, a book appeared on London shelves—and became an instant bestseller. Its cover featured the now-iconic image of a man, trapped in a deserted island, dressed only in goat skins. Daniel Defoe, author of Robinson Crusoe, never confirmed nor denied that his massive hit was based on the life of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotsman marooned for years on a tropical island… but the parallels were undeniable.
But before Selkirk made his way back to the Western world and became a celebrity, he was roped in by his rescuers for their deadly piratical mission: to hunt the greatest treasure ship of the high seas—the Manila galleon!
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
References:
Kamen, Henry (2004). Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492-1763. Harper Perennial.
Rogers, Woodes (1928). A Cruising Voyage Round the World. The Seafarer's Library. (Original work published 1731).
Severin, Tim (2002). “Marooned: The Metamorphosis of Alexander Selkirk.” The American Scholar, 71(3), pp. 73-82. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41213335
Ball, Phillip (1 May 2019). “The many afterlives of Robinson Crusoe.” The New Statesman. https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2019/05/the-many-afterlives-of-robinson-crusoe
McInelly, Brett C. (2003) “Expanding Empires, Expanding Selves: Colonialism, the Novel, and ‘Robinson Crusoe’.” Studies in the Novel, 35(1), pp. 1-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29533546
Peterson, Andrew. “What Really Made the World Go Around?: Indio Contributions to the Acapulco-Manila Galleon Trade.” Explorations: A Graduate Student Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 11(1), pp. 1-18.
-
As he was brutally tortured by the Kempeitai, captured guerilla Gustavo Ingles was moved to different prisons and safehouses. What was his day-to-day life like behind bars? (Listen to S6E10 before listening to this one.)
-
When the Japanese invaded the Philippines, young military cadet Gustavo Ingles tried to hitch a ride with the upperclassmen to the front lines in Bataan. But officers told him to go home. Undeterred, he founded a guerilla group called the Hunters ROTC to continue the fight against the new occupiers.
Then, in 1943, Ingles was caught by the secret police.
Follow us on IG:@thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok:@thecolonialdept
Email us:[email protected]
My voiceover partner-in-crime, Anya, is on leave this week, so I’ll be reading quotes from references and sources. When she’s able to record her lines, I’ll update the episode to include them.
References:
Ingles, Gustavo (1992).Memoirs of Pain.Mauban Heritage Foundation.
Guillermo, Mai & Guillermo, Lucky (Producers) & Logroño, Bani (Director). (2015)Unsurrendered 2: The Hunters ROTC Guerillas.
“Philippine Military Academy: History, Traditions and General Information.”https://www.pma.edu.ph/about.php
Luci-Atienza, Charissa (9 June 2019). “Tales heroes’ children tell.”Manila Bulletin.https://mb.com.ph/2019/06/09/tales-heroes-children-tell/
Alcazaren, Paulo (4 March 2016). “Manila’s Plaza Goiti: From postcard pretty to urban mess.”The Philippine Star.https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/modern-living/2016/03/04/1559451/manilas-plaza-goiti-postcard-pretty-urban-mess
-
The Royal Philippine Company helped usher in the twilight of the longstanding Galleon Trade that linked Manila and Acapulco! (Listen to S6E9 before listening to this one.)
-
In Francisco Goya’s painting Junta de Filipinas, sinister, shadowy figures preside over a stockholders’ meeting of the Royal Philippine Company. What was this Royal Philippine Company—and what was so important about it that Goya made a painting of one of its meetings? And more than that, what was Goya trying to say about this tumultuous period in Spanish and Philippine history?
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
Additional audio from the Ville de Castres YouTube page, and The Social Network, © 2010 Columbia Pictures.
References:
Legarda, Benito J. (1999). After the Galleons: Foreign Trade, Economic Change and Entrepreneurship in the Nineteenth-Century Philippines. Ateneo de Manila Press.
Miranda-Chou, Teresita (1996). “Art as Political Subtext: A Philippine Centennial Perspective on Francisco Goya’s Junta de la Real Compañía de Filipinas.” Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, 24, pp. 187-215.
Alford, Roberta M. (June 1960). “Francisco Goya and the Intentions of the Artist.” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 18(4), pp. 482-493.
Ville de Castres (26 April 2022). “L'OEUVRE A LA LOUPE : La Junte des Philippines #1.” [Video] YouTube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdv9bs207cs
Prodger, Michael (26 September 2015). “From princes to paupers: how Goya’s portraits tell the story of Spain.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/sep/26/francisco-de-goya-portraits-national-gallery-london
Dalrymple, William (2019). The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Harai, Yuval Noah (2015). Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind . Harper.
-
The sunken gunboats resurrected by the Americans were only a small part of the bloody war waged by the new occupiers against the Meranaw! (Listen to S6E8 before listening to this one.)
-
As Spain departed the Philippines, it abandoned four gunboats to a watery grave. For years, they slumbered at the bottom of Lake Lanao, their existence only a rumor back up on the surface. But when the Americans arrive in Marawi, they are determined to bring these ghost ships back to life.
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
References:
Hitt, Parker (February 1938). “Amphibious Infantry—A Fleet on Lake Lanao.” US Naval Institute Proceedings, pp. 1-6.
Mastura, Datu Michael Ong (2023). The Rulers of Magindanao in Modern History, 1515–1903: Continuity and Change in a Traditional Realm in the Southern Philippines. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Ibrahim, Noralia U. & Ali, Abubacar A. (January 2023). “A Short History of Lanao and the Origin and Arts of their Traditional Weaponry.” International Journal of Recent Advances in Multidisciplinary Topics, 4(1), pp. 73-81.
Mitiuckov, Nick (1996-2023). “Spanish 3rd Class Gunboats.” Spanish American War Centennial Website. https://www.spanamwar.com/span3rdclassgunboats.htm
Teideman, Jess. “The bends: anatomy of decompression sickness.” Australian Geographic.
Naga, Pipilawan O. (2011) “Lake Lanao: An Ancient Lake in Distress.” Shiga University Environmental Research Center Annual Research Report, 8(1), pp. 25-33.
-
Show highlights. Favorite episodes. Behind-the-scenes bits. Think of this as The Colonial Dept. Wrapped.
2024 has been an amazing year for the podcast. I released a book version of the podcast, I've grown to more than 2,000 subscribers, and I've heard from fans from as far away as Spain, Singapore, and France. Thanks for sharing in my love for Philippine history, and for embarking on this project with me. YOU are the ones who made this year great!
See you next year!
-
Even as the automobile and the tram change the face of commuting and transportation in Manila, the cocheros persist… and resist. (Listen to S6E7 before listening to this one.)
-
Soon after the American takeover of the Philippines, Manila witnesses the coming of its first-ever car—a three-and-a-half horsepower, single-cylinder, wire-wheel Richard-Brasier. From then on, it’s full speed ahead for the wide-scale adoption of the automobile in the capital city and beyond. Packards and Studebakers roar through newly constructed Manila streets, while Stanleys chug up the Benguet highlands to reach Baguio. But what does the coming of the automobile mean for the former kings of the colonial roads—the coachman, the carriage, and the horse?
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
Additional audio from the Philippine Daily Inquirer and Back to the Future Part 2 © 1990 Universal Pictures.
References:
Spector, Robert M. (1966). “W. Cameron Forbes in the Philippines: A Study in Proconsular Power.” Journal of Southeast Asian History, 7(2), pp. 74-92
Carlova, John (February 1959). “The Stanleys and their Steamer.” American Heritage. https://www.americanheritage.com/stanleys-and-their-steamer
“Ex-St. Louisan Listed as Held by Japanese” (31 March 1942). St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The United States v. Otis G. Freeman. G.R. No. L-3779 (13 November 1907).
Cole-Jett, Robin (15 September 2023). “The Good Roads Movement.” Red River Historian. https://www.redriverhistorian.com/post/the-good-roads-movement
The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands (July 1926). “Yesterday and Today in Manila’s Motor World.” The American Chamber of Commerce Journal.
Clymer, Floyd (1971). Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925. Bonanza Books.
LaFontaine Automotive Classic Cars (3 May 2024). “The History of the Packard Car Company.”
Zaldarriaga, Joe (18 April 2024). “On track for positive change.” The Philippine Star.
Brigham, Albert Perry (1904). “Good Roads in the United States.” Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, 36(12), pp. 721-735.
Gamble, Adrian (2017). “Manila's Long-Lost 'Tranvias' Once the Envy of Asia.” Skyrise Cities. https://skyrisecities.com/news/2017/03/manilas-long-lost-tranvias-once-envy-asia
Pante, Michael D. (2022). “The Calesa Vote: Street Politics and Local Governance in 1930s to 1940s Manila.” Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 37(2), pp. 201-229.
Pante, Michael D. (2012). “The "Cocheros" of American-occupied Manila Representations and Persistence.” Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints, 60(4), pp. 429-462.
Pante, Michael D. (2016). “Urban Mobility and a Healthy City Intertwined Transport and Public Health Policies in American-Colonial Manila.” Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints, 64(1), pp. 73-101.
Mohacek, Bozi (2003). Stanley Steamers and Yorkshire Steam Wagons in 1908 Philippines, Part 2. Surrey Vintage Vehicle Society. https://www.svvs.org/philippines2.shtml
Poco, Leandro Nicholas Ranoa (2019). Enclave Sub/Urbanism: A Historical and Configurational Assessment of Metro Manila’s Centres of Exclusion and Their Surrounding Spatial Fabric [masteral dissertation]. Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London.
Dacudao, Patricia Irene (2023). Abaca Frontier: The Socioeconomic and Cultural Transformation of Davao, 1898-1941. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
-
Trade and tensions in the history of our two archipelagoes! (Listen to S6E6 before listening to this one!)
-
In a time when both God and gold define the tense relations between Japan and Manila, the galleon San Felipe gets stranded in the land of the rising sun. There, the fate of its passengers now lies in the hands of the most powerful warlord in Japan: Toyotomi Hideyoshi!
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
Image: Mural from Cuernavaca, Mexico, published in the Academy of Christian Art.
Additional audio from Shogun, © FX.
References:
Kamen, Henry (2004). Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492-1763. Harper Perennial.
Conover, Cornelius (2011). “Saintly Biography and the Cult of San Felipe de Jesús in Mexico City, 1597-1697.” The Americas, 67(4), pp. 441-466.
O’Hara, Luke (5 February 2022). “The Galleon, the Tyrant and the 26 Martyrs of Nagasaki.” National Catholic Register.
Boscaro, Adriana (December 1973). “Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the 1587 Edicts Against Christianity.” Oriens Extremus, 20(2), pp. 219-241.
“The Edicts of Toyotomi Hideyoshi: Excerpts from ‘Limitation on the Propagation of Christianity’, 1587; Excerpts from ‘Expulsion of the Missionaries,’ 1587.” Asia for Educations, Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University. https://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/japan/tokugawa_edicts_christianity.pdf
-
When the guardia civil forced the Intramuros house of Victor Villegas open, they found a trail of blood that led all the way to a bathroom. Inside was the bloody corpse of the señor, his head smashed in, his body stripped to his underclothes. The police’s immediate suspects? The houseboys.
Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]
Thumbnail Image: "Panguingue (Natives Playing Cards)." Jose Taviel de Andrade, ca. 1895. In Jose Maria Carino (2004), Islas Filipinas 1663-1888, Ars Mundi.
References:
Sayno, Mariano (20 March 2016). “Subic Spanish Gate: Sentinel of History in Olongapo’s Naval Legacy.” Beauty of the Philippines. https://www.beautyofthephilippines.com/subic-spanish-gate/
Bankoff, Greg (1992). “Servant-Master Conflicts in Manila in the Late Nineteenth Century.” Philippine Studies, 40(3), pp. 281-301.
Bankoff, Greg (1993). “Inside the Courtroom: Judicial Procedures in Nineteenth Century Philippines.” Philippine Studies, 41(3), pp. 287-304.
Coo, Stephanie (2019). Clothing the Colony: Nineteenth-Century Philippine Sartorial Culture, 1820-1896. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Mallat, Jean (1846). The Philippines: History, Geography, Customs, Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce of the Spanish Colonies in Oceania (Pura Santillan-Castrence, Trans.) (2021). National Historical Commission of the Philippines.
“Reglamento Provisional para la Policia de la Servidumbre Domestica” (1881). https://bibliotecadigital.aecid.es/bibliodig/es/catalogo_imagenes/descargarImprimir.do?id=descarga_1014590-1728387479953&multiple=false&idGrupo=1014590
-
Learn more about one of the most enduring Filipino folktales. (Listen to S6E4 before listening to this one!)
- Laat meer zien
