Episode 558: Persistent Infection, Molecular Mimicry, and the Future of Chronic Lyme | Amy Proal, PhD

14 mrt · Tick Boot Camp

01:32:45

In this powerful and science-forward episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, host Matt Sabatello sits down with Amy Proal, PhD, a leading microbiologist whose work is reshaping how the medical community understands chronic Lyme disease, post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD), ME/CFS, and Long COVID.

Dr. Proal brings a rare combination of deep scientific expertise, lived experience with chronic illness, and real-world clinical integration, offering listeners clarity on why so many patients remain sick long after standard treatment ends — and what science is finally doing about it.

👩‍🔬 About Amy Proal, PhD

Amy Proal, PhD, is an internationally recognized microbiologist specializing in the molecular mechanisms by which persistent pathogens alter human immunity, metabolism, and gene expression.

She currently serves in two major leadership roles:

President & Research Director, PolyBio Research Foundation

Scientific Director, Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness (CORE) at Mount Sinai

Her work focuses on infection-associated chronic illness, including:

Chronic Lyme disease & tick-borne co-infections

Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLD)

ME/CFS

Long COVID

Dr. Proal is widely known for helping shift the scientific narrative away from psychosomatic explanations and toward biological root causes driven by persistent infection and immune dysregulation.

🧬 PolyBio Research Foundation: Rewriting the Science of Chronic Illness

Dr. Proal co-founded PolyBio Research Foundation in 2018 alongside neuroscientist Dr. Michael VanElzakker, after recognizing that most chronic illness research ignored root cause biology, particularly infection.

What Makes PolyBio Different

Led by scientists, not administrators

Focused on tissue-based research, not just blood tests

Actively recruits researchers from HIV, tuberculosis, and virology fields to study Lyme and ME/CFS

Designs research programs before fundraising, ensuring scientific rigor

PolyBio has played a major role in advancing research on:

Pathogen persistence in human tissue

Hidden reservoirs of infection

Why standard diagnostics often fail

🏥 Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness (CORE)

Dr. Proal also serves as Scientific Director of the Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness (CORE) at Mount Sinai in New York City.

CORE’s Mission

Treat patients with Long COVID and chronic tick-borne illness within an insurance-based system

Integrate clinical care with active research and clinical trials

Establish new standards of care for infection-associated chronic disease

At CORE, Dr. Proal helps design studies that leverage real patient visits — asking critical questions such as:

Where is the pathogen hiding?

What tissues are affected?

What immune pathways are disrupted?

🧠 Persistent Infection & Why Blood Tests Fail

A central theme of the episode is that chronic infection is often a tissue-based disease, not a blood-based one.

Dr. Proal explains:

Pathogens like Borrelia (Lyme) and SARS-CoV-2 actively avoid the bloodstream

Blood is heavily patrolled by immune cells — tissue offers protection

Absence of evidence in blood ≠ absence of infection

This helps explain why:

Lyme disease often goes undetected by standard serology

Patients remain symptomatic despite “negative tests”

Tissue biopsies and advanced imaging are essential for progress

🧬 Molecular Mimicry: How Infection Triggers Autoimmune Symptoms

Dr. Proal provides a clear explanation of molecular mimicry, a key mechanism linking infection and autoimmunity.

What Is Molecular Mimicry?

Pathogens produce proteins that closely resemble human proteins

The immune system attacks the pathogen — and accidentally attacks the body

This creates autoimmune-like disease, even though infection is the trigger

This mechanism helps explain:

Why immune suppression may reduce symptoms but worsen disease

Why many autoimmune diagnoses may actually be infection-driven

Why treating the pathogen matters, not just calming the immune system

🔁 Successive Infection: Why Some Patients Get Sicker Than Others

A major insight from this episode is Dr. Proal’s concept of successive infection.

Rather than genetics alone, she suggests severity is often driven by:

Prior infections (Lyme, Bartonella, Babesia, viruses)

Environmental exposures (mold, toxins)

Physical trauma (concussions, brain injury)

Each “hit” dysregulates the immune system, making the next infection harder to clear — a cumulative burden that explains why:

Some people become severely ill from Lyme

Others remain asymptomatic despite repeated tick exposure

🧠 Neurological Lyme, the Brain & the Vagus Nerve

Dr. Proal discusses multiple ways Lyme and infections affect the nervous system:

Direct CNS Infection

Pathogens crossing the blood–brain barrier

Microglial activation causing neuroinflammation

Indirect Neurological Signaling

Infection in the gut, heart, or lungs activating the vagus nerve nearby

Direct infection of the vagus nerve with Lyme

Brainstem signaling triggering fatigue, pain, dysautonomia, and brain fog

This dual-pathway model explains why neurological symptoms can occur even without detectable brain infection.

🧫 Tissue, Imaging & the Future of Diagnostics

One of the most exciting parts of the episode covers next-generation diagnostics, including:

Tissue biopsies (gut, lymph nodes, nerve, synovium)

Ultra-sensitive molecular detection

Immune cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PD-1)

Advanced imaging that can map pathogens in the body

Dr. Proal explains how future tools may:

Identify not just presence , but activity of infection

Distinguish nervous system involvement

Enable targeted clinical trials and personalized treatment

🧠 Infection, Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Disease

Dr. Proal also discusses compelling research linking infection to Alzheimer’s disease, including evidence that:

Amyloid plaques may be part of the innate immune response

Plaques form around viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens

Removing amyloid alone fails because it ignores root cause

This framework aligns with decades of overlooked research connecting Lyme, herpesviruses, and neurodegeneration.

🌱 Hope for the Lyme & Chronic Illness Community

Dr. Proal closes the episode with optimism, highlighting:

Rapid advances in diagnostics

Better-designed clinical trials

Increasing collaboration across institutions

A long-overdue shift toward biological validation

Her message is clear: Patients were right. Science is finally catching up.

🔑 Key Topics Covered

Chronic Lyme disease

Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLD)

Persistent Borrelia infection

Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity

Successive infection model

Long COVID pathogen persistence

Tissue-based diagnostics

Neurological Lyme disease

Vagus nerve and dysautonomia

Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness

PolyBio Research Foundation

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Episode 564: From Vision Loss to Voice: Marina Morgan’s Lyme Disease Journey
25 apr· Tick Boot Camp
In this powerful episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen sit down with Marina Morgan, a professional singer, songwriter, real estate agent, and Lyme disease survivor from New York and New Jersey.
Marina shares the deeply personal story of how a vibrant, high-energy young woman who loved running, fitness, and music suddenly found her life turned upside down by Lyme disease in her early twenties. What began as stomach issues quickly progressed into neurological symptoms, extreme fatigue, balance problems, and ultimately sudden vision loss in one eye — a terrifying turning point that led to her eventual diagnosis.
After seeing multiple doctors and facing potential misdiagnoses such as multiple sclerosis and scleroderma, Marina was finally diagnosed with Lyme disease through a Western Blot test by Dr. Pollack. Her treatment included 18 months of IV antibiotics through a PICC line, followed by another year of treatment after a later flare-up.
Today, Marina continues to navigate chronic Lyme symptoms while building a career in music, real estate, and fitness, demonstrating resilience, perseverance, and determination even on difficult days.
Her story is a powerful reminder that Lyme disease can affect anyone — even young, healthy, active people — and that persistence, positivity, and support are essential in the healing journey.
About Marina Morgan
Marina Morgan is a professional singer and songwriter who has appeared on the Today Show, was named Elvis Duran’s Artist of the Month, and has been featured on iHeartRadio and in multiple publications as an emerging artist.
In addition to her music career, Marina works as a real estate agent serving New York and New Jersey and as a gym manager, continuing to stay connected to the world of fitness despite the physical challenges created by Lyme disease.
Marina has also used her music to express the realities of chronic illness. Her song “Paralyzed” captures the emotional and physical struggle many Lyme patients face when their bodies no longer cooperate with the life they once lived.
Watch Marina’s Lyme-inspired music video “Paralyzed"
Follow Marina on Instagram
Key Topics Discussed in This EpisodeLife Before Lyme Disease
Before getting sick, Marina lived an extremely active lifestyle. She ran miles every day simply for enjoyment, maintained multiple jobs, and had a vibrant social life. Fitness and movement were central to her identity, and she describes having seemingly endless energy.
Lyme disease dramatically altered that reality.
Early Symptoms and Sudden Vision Loss
Marina’s illness began subtly with stomach issues and fatigue, but symptoms soon escalated. She began experiencing:
Severe fatigueWeakness in her legsBalance and coordination issuesNeurological symptomsBrain fogLoss of vision in one eye
The sudden vision loss was the turning point that signaled something much more serious was happening.
Misdiagnosis and the Search for Answers
Before receiving a Lyme diagnosis, doctors suspected conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and scleroderma. Marina visited several doctors and specialists before finally receiving the correct diagnosis.
Her father, who had previously experienced Lyme disease himself, recognized the possibility and helped advocate for Lyme testing.
She was ultimately diagnosed at age 23 through a Western Blot blood test by Dr. Pollack.
Intensive Lyme Treatment
Following her diagnosis, Marina underwent 18 months of intravenous antibiotic treatment through a PICC line, one of the more aggressive approaches used for severe Lyme disease.
Years later, after experiencing a flare-up, she required another year of treatment.
Today she is not undergoing active Lyme treatment but continues supportive wellness practices including:
Infrared saunaYogaProbioticsLiving with Chronic Lyme
Marina estimates she has recovered to about 60% of her pre-Lyme health.
The most persistent symptom she continues to battle is extreme fatigue, which can make even simple daily activities exhausting. She describes the unpredictability of chronic Lyme — how a good day can be followed by days or weeks of exhaustion.
Despite these challenges, Marina continues to work, maintain relationships, and pursue her passions.
Music as a Voice for Lyme Patients
Marina has channeled her experience with chronic illness into her music. Her song “Paralyzed” captures the emotional reality of Lyme disease — the feeling of being trapped in a body that no longer functions the way it once did.
The song resonates deeply with Lyme patients and others living with invisible illness.
Watch the video here
Advice for People Fighting Lyme Disease
Marina encourages patients not to give up during the darkest moments of illness. Lyme disease can be physically and emotionally overwhelming, but maintaining hope and continuing to pursue healing strategies can make a meaningful difference.
She stresses the importance of:
Listening to your bodyGiving yourself graceStaying mentally resilientContinuing to search for solutionsKey TakeawaysLyme disease can affect young, healthy, highly active peopleNeurological symptoms like vision loss can occur with Lyme diseaseMisdiagnosis is common in complex Lyme casesLong-term IV antibiotic treatment is sometimes requiredChronic symptoms can persist even after treatmentMental resilience plays a major role in managing chronic illness
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Episode 563: At the Frontlines of Chronic Illness: ILADS Expert Panel Webinar
18 apr· Tick Boot Camp
This special Tick Boot Camp Podcast crossover features the full International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) webinar recording, “At the Frontlines of Chronic Illness: Conversations with ILADS Experts.” In this dynamic panel discussion, leading clinicians and specialists unpack why Lyme disease and other infection-associated chronic illnesses are so misunderstood, why testing fails so many patients, and what it really takes to heal—brain, immune system, mitochondria, and terrain included.
Moderated by Rich Johannesen (Tick Boot Camp), the panel delivers practical insights and hopeful, patient-centered guidance for anyone navigating complex chronic illness—whether you’re a patient, caregiver, clinician, or advocate.
Featured PanelistsChris Winfrey, MD — Psychiatrist; Medical Director, New Image WellnessNicole Bell — “The Lyme Disease Engineer”; CEO, Galaxy DiagnosticsTania Dempsey, MD — Medical Director, AIM Center for Personalized MedicineMelanie Stein, ND — Naturopathic Doctor; Author focused on cellular wellness and healing terrainHost/Moderator: Rich Johannesen (Tick Boot Camp)ILADS Intro: Ali Moresco (ILADS)Episode HighlightsILADS Mission and Why This Webinar Matters
The webinar opens with ILADS’ mission: improving diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease and associated illnesses through research, education, and policy. ILADS emphasizes physician training and patient-centered care, while also supporting the educational mission of ILADEF.
Rich frames the night as a rare opportunity to hear from experts working at the front lines of complex chronic illness—especially for patients who’ve been dismissed, misdiagnosed, or told their symptoms “don’t make sense.”
Segment 1: Brain Health, Neuroimmune Illness, and Why Lyme “Feels Like Dementia”Chris Winfrey, MD
Dr. Winfrey introduces a core theme: Lyme is not only an infection—it often behaves like a neuroimmune illness.
Key takeaways:
The brain is a high-energy, high-immune-demand organ, uniquely vulnerable to infection-driven inflammation and toxicity.Lyme can disrupt brain function through:Blood flow issuesSynaptic dysfunctionMyelin damageNetwork-level disruption, not just “neurotransmitters”He describes brain function through networks that Lyme can destabilize:Default Mode Network (internal reflection)Salience Network (switching between networks)Central Executive Network (planning/organization)Action Network (execution)Autonomic Network (regulation)Limbic Network (threat/fear response)The result: patients often describe “brain shutdown,” confusion, cognitive impairment, and even dementia-like symptoms.
A major reframing:
Emotions are not “non-physical.” They are measurable physiological states.Lyme-driven nervous system injury can create emotional disturbance because the biology is disturbed.Segment 2: Poly-microbial Infection, Fight-or-Flight, and the Belief-Healing LoopWinfrey + Rich Discussion
Rich frames humans as spiritual, emotional, and physical beings, and asks how chronic infection impacts both body and emotional resilience.
Key points:
Lyme can cross the blood-brain barrier and affect virtually any organ system.The nervous system becomes a “central battleground,” and measurement is hard because nervous system dysfunction isn’t captured well by simple bloodwork.Rich and Dr. Winfrey explore how illness disrupts perception, decision-making, and our ability to interpret the world—especially when gut function and intuition feel “offline.”
The healing paradox:
Chronic stress and “fighting your way to healing” can backfire.Dr. Winfrey emphasizes that healing requires a parasympathetic state—rest, digest, repair—and that this often involves acceptance, surrender, trust, and safety.Segment 3: The State of Testing—Why So Many Patients Test NegativeNicole Bell (Galaxy Diagnostics)
Nicole shares her personal motivation and professional mission: testing determines treatment, reimbursement, and belief—and too many patients are failed by existing tools.
Indirect testing (antibody testing):
The standard approach relies on antibodies—meaning it depends on the immune system behaving predictably.But Lyme and other stealth pathogens evade and suppress immune responses.Even in controlled research models, two infected subjects can show completely different antibody patterns.Immunosuppression (illness severity, medications like steroids, immune dysregulation) can reduce antibody reliability.
Direct testing (pathogen detection):Nicole contrasts Lyme testing with illnesses like COVID—where you use tests that look for the pathogen itself (PCR/antigen), not just antibodies.
Why direct detection is hard in Lyme:
Pathogens can be low abundanceThey can be tissue-sequesteredSampling matters
Why urine can matter for Lyme:
Lyme may not stay in blood, but it can shed proteins/antigens that filter into urine.Galaxy’s approach includes methods to capture, concentrate, and detect those markers.
New diagnostics focus:
Genus-level screening for the “3Bs” (Borrelia, Bartonella, Babesia)Reducing guessing when symptoms overlap and co-infections “masquerade” as each otherSegment 4: Immune Dysfunction, Mast Cells, and Why Antibody Testing Can Go HaywireTania Dempsey, MD (AIM Center for Personalized Medicine)
Dr. Dempsey explains the immune system through two major branches:
Innate immune system (fast, primitive defense)Adaptive immune system (antibodies, longer-term response)
Mast cells as first responders:
Mast cells detect “danger” and release inflammatory mediators (histamine and many others).In chronic infection, mast cells can remain persistently activated, releasing hundreds of inflammatory compounds.
Why antibody tests fail (two patterns):
Immune suppression → insufficient antibody production → false negativesImmune chaos → excessive, inappropriate antibody production → confusing positives - Positive Lyme bands “everywhere” - Positive autoantibodies without classic autoimmune disease patterns - “Everything looks positive” because signaling is dysfunctional
Her central philosophy:It’s not only about killing the bug. It’s about fixing immune regulation so the body can actually clear or control infection.
She also names the broader context: modern toxic load (mold, plastics, pesticides, “forever chemicals”) primes the immune system into dysregulation before infections even arrive.
Segment 5: Advanced Immune-Modulating ToolsTherapeutic Plasma Exchange + SOT
Dr. Dempsey discusses therapies she’s excited about, especially for complex, stuck cases:
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE / plasmapheresis):
Removes plasma (where antibodies, inflammatory mediators, and “garbage” accumulate)Replaces with albumin (and sometimes IVIG)Concept: reduce inflammatory burden + toxic load to reset the terrain
SOT (Supportive Oligonucleotide Technique):
Molecular targeted approach designed to reduce replication of specific pathogensMore targeted than “wide-net” antimicrobial approachesUsed strategically after lowering inflammatory/toxic burden
She emphasizes: not for everyone, not a universal cure—but promising enough to merit formal publication.
Segment 6: GLP-1 Agonists and Mast Cell Stabilization“Brain-melt” moment, revisited
Dr. Dempsey explains why drugs commonly known for diabetes/weight loss may have immune benefits:
Mast cells have receptors for GLP and GIP hormonesPatients showed improvements beyond weight: cognitive function, inflammation, immune stabilityShe describes:Semaglutide (Ozempic/Wegovy)Tirzepatide (Mounjaro/Zepbound)Emerging triple agonists (GLP-1/GIP/glucagon pathways)
Her clinical approach has moved these agents earlier in care plans for immune stabilization in select cases.
Segment 7: Cellular Healing, Mitochondria, and the TerrainMelanie Stein, ND
Dr. Stein brings it home: healing often stalls when we focus only on killing pathogens, but don’t repair the cellular damage.
Core concepts:
Lyme damages cell membranes, disrupting what goes in/out and how cells communicate.It contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing ATP (energy currency).If cells stay in “alarm mode,” healing remains blocked.
Cell membrane therapy and terrain support:
IV and oral lipid support (phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, omega fatty acids)Personalized support based on lipidomic patternsSupportive therapies to reduce oxidative stress and “toxic fats”Focus on signaling safety to the body—so repair can resume
Cell Danger Response:A key theme: even after infections reduce, the body may remain stuck in a persistent defense state, requiring cellular and nervous system support to exit “danger mode.”
Regulation Before EradicationPanel Reflection Round
As the panel closes, several themes converge:
Limbic system + autonomic nervous system regulation is foundational“Regulation becomes before eradication”Healing requires safety, predictability, and nervous system calmChronic illness can block our ability to connect—especially in relationships—because survival physiology dominates
Dr. Dempsey adds that limbic retraining / nervous system reset is often the first step she starts with in her practice.
Question and Answer HighlightsLyme and Cancer?
The panel notes emerging signals connecting tick-borne illness and certain cancers, but emphasizes that more research is needed to determine causality.
Herniated discs, connective tissue, and chronic infection
The discussion highlights potential links through:
connective tissue disruptioncollagen damagemast cell mediators (enzymes that affect tissue integrity)infection-driven inflammationCross-reactive antibody results (example: Brucella)
The group explains how antibody testing can produce confusing results due to immune dysregulation and cross-reactivity—another reason why interpretation and test methodology matter.
Nasal testing / sinus terrain
While not a mainstream Lyme diagnostic route, the panel references nasal/sinus colonization (especially with mold-related or chronic inflammatory patterns) as a terrain factor that can influence recovery.
Resources MentionedCenter for Lyme Action – State of Lyme Disease Research paper (Nicole Bell collaboration)ILADS Provider SearchInternational Lyme and Associated Diseases Educational Foundation (ILADEF) Donations (supports education and clinician training)Final Message to Listeners
This episode is a reminder that Lyme disease and infection-associated chronic illness are not one-dimensional problems. The path forward often requires:
better diagnosticsimmune regulationnervous system supportcellular repairpersonalized careand hope that the body can recover when the right puzzle pieces come together
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Episode 562: Pediatric Lyme, Autism Regression, PANS/PANDAS & Root-Cause Healing | Dr. Somer DelSignore
11 apr· Tick Boot Camp
In this powerful in-person interview at the Tick Boot Camp studio, Matt Sabatello sits down with Dr. Somer DelSignore, DNP, a board-certified pediatric practitioner specializing in Lyme disease, tick-borne co-infections, PANS/PANDAS, autoimmune and neuroimmune disorders, autism-like regression, and congenital tick-borne illness.
This episode is essential listening for parents who have been told to “wait and see,” families who have seen multiple specialists without answers, and anyone trying to understand how infection, inflammation, immune dysfunction, and nervous system imbalance can impact a child’s brain and development.
🎙 About Dr. Somer DelSignore
Dr. DelSignore began her career in traditional pediatric medicine before recognizing that many children with complex chronic illness could not be properly treated in 10–15 minute appointments.
Her clinical evolution accelerated after:
Training with Dr. Richard Horowitz (tick-borne disease complexity and layered treatment strategies)Training with Dr. Kenneth Bock (autism and autoimmune encephalopathy patterns)Identifying the infectious and immune triggers driving neuropsychiatric symptoms
Today, she runs a private practice in upstate New York where she treats children (and a small cohort of adults) using a comprehensive, root-cause framework.
🧠 Autism, Lyme & Autoimmunity — Connecting the Dots
Dr. DelSignore explains that autism is often a cluster of symptoms, not a single-gene condition. In her clinical experience, many children experience immune-triggered neuroinflammation that presents as:
OCDAnxietyRageIntrusive thoughtsImpulsivityHallucinationsDevelopmental regression
Lyme and co-infections such as Bartonella and Babesia can activate autoimmune responses that interfere with neurotransmitter signaling. When inflammation blocks receptors for dopamine and serotonin, psychiatric symptoms emerge.
Her message is clear:These symptoms are often biomedical — not simply behavioral.
🦠 Why “Root Cause” Is Rarely One Thing
Healing rarely comes down to one pathogen.
Children may present with overlapping contributors such as:
Lyme disease and co-infectionsMold and mycotoxinsHeavy metalsEpigenetic pathway dysfunctionDetox impairmentNervous system dysregulation
Dr. DelSignore emphasizes layered pattern recognition and systematic evaluation rather than single-diagnosis thinking.
🧬 Treatment Approach: Layered, Sequenced & Individualized
There is no cookie-cutter protocol.
Her framework may include:
Targeted antibiotic combinationsHerbal antimicrobialsBiofilm and fibrin supportGut protection from day oneDetox support (liver, kidney, lymphatic)Ozone therapySOT (gene-silencing therapy)IVIG for autoimmune modulation (when appropriate)Plasmapheresis referralRegenerative PRP strategies
Sequencing matters. Some children require detox and nervous system stabilization before antimicrobial treatment begins.
🧱 Biofilms & Tissue Infection
Dr. DelSignore confirms:
Biofilms are real and clinically significantMicrobes communicate and protect one anotherChronic infections often reside in tissue, not just bloodKilling pathogens without detox support can worsen flares
Her philosophy:Eliminate pathogens while simultaneously rebuilding the body.
🌿 Detox, Regeneration & the Nervous System
Pathogen elimination is only part of recovery.
Healing also requires:
Supporting liver and kidney detox pathwaysEncouraging lymphatic flowGentle sauna when toleratedEpsom salt bathsBreathwork and box breathingVagus nerve stimulationNervous system retraining
Many children are stuck in chronic sympathetic (“fight-or-flight”) mode. True recovery requires shifting into parasympathetic “rest and repair.”
❤️ A Story of Hope
Dr. DelSignore shares the case of a child born with congenital tick-borne infections who:
Was non-verbalRequired feeding tube supportWas diagnosed with autism
After comprehensive treatment and immune regulation, the child:
Became verbalEngaged sociallyReached developmental milestonesThrives in school
It’s a reminder that recovery is possible—even in severe presentations.
🏥 The Care Coordination Challenge
Families often see 10–15 specialists before reaching her office.
Dr. DelSignore stresses the importance of:
A “medical home”One lead clinician acting as quarterbackCoordinated communication among providers
She also discusses the urgent need for legislative and insurance reform to support time-intensive chronic illness care.
🌎 Looking Forward
Dr. DelSignore hopes for:
Increased research fundingBroader recognition of infection-driven neuroinflammationEarlier pediatric interventionA shift toward prevention and health-promotion medicine
Her belief: When properly supported, the body can heal.
🔑 Key TakeawaysTrust parental intuitionNeuropsychiatric symptoms may be immune-drivenDetox and gut health are foundationalNervous system regulation is criticalHealing is possible—even in complex cases
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Episode 561: Healing Chronic Lyme Through Terrain, Stress Physiology & Liquid Intelligence | Frédéric Roscop
4 apr· Tick Boot Camp
Frédéric Roscop, French-born osteopath and founder of AEQUIL, joins the Tick Boot Camp Podcast as our first-ever in-studio international guest, flying in from London to Long Island to share his personal battle with chronic Lyme disease—and the breakthrough that reshaped his life and career.
After decades of unexplained symptoms, misdiagnoses, heart inflammation, neurological dysfunction, and failed treatment attempts across multiple countries, Frédéric discovered that killing microbes alone wasn’t enough. His recovery began when he shifted focus from chasing pathogens to restoring the body’s foundational terrain—supporting immune regulation, detoxification, cellular function, stress physiology, and energetic balance.
In this deeply reflective and technical conversation, Frédéric shares how childhood tick exposure in rural France, years of undiagnosed Borrelia and Bartonella infection, and repeated medical dead-ends ultimately led him to develop a patented biotech system designed to help others reset their foundational wellbeing.
What You’ll Learn in This EpisodeGrowing Up in Tick Territory
Frédéric describes growing up in rural France, frequently covered in ticks as a child—long before Lyme disease was widely recognized in Europe. Early symptoms included:
Chronic insomnia and hyperactivityDigestive dysfunction and blood sugar instabilityVisual disturbances and light sensitivityEmotional instability and neurological symptomsRecurrent inflammation
At 16, following general anesthesia for a broken nose, he experienced what he now recognizes as a major Lyme “crash,” leading to cognitive decline, emotional dysregulation, and worsening physical inflammation.
Heart Inflammation & Athletic Collapse
By age 17–18, Frédéric’s promising volleyball career ended due to inflammatory joint disease and recurring pericarditis (heart inflammation)—which would return six times over the next 15 years.
Antibiotics temporarily improved symptoms, but the root cause remained unidentified.
“I Didn’t Even Know What Lyme Disease Was”
As a young osteopath in practice, Frédéric recalls a patient asking whether her symptoms could be Lyme disease. At the time, he had never been trained on it.
Years later, another patient was hospitalized with Lyme-related encephalitis—triggering Frédéric’s realization that Lyme might explain both his patients’ suffering and his own.
This episode includes an honest discussion about:
Medical training gapsDiagnostic limitationsThe importance of humility in healthcareWhy the doctor–patient relationship must be a partnershipDiagnosis: Borrelia, Bartonella & More
Specialty testing eventually revealed:
BorreliaBartonellaViral findings including Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)Heavy metal burden (notably elevated mercury)
Frédéric began aggressive antibiotic and detox protocols—but experienced severe gut collapse and worsening terrain.
Despite trying treatments across Europe, the U.S., China, India, and Switzerland—including antimicrobial, herbal, and integrative approaches—he improved only marginally.
The Turning Point: It’s Not Just the Bug — It’s the Terrain
Frédéric revisited the foundational debate in medicine:
Louis Pasteur: It’s the germ.Claude Bernard: It’s the terrain.
His breakthrough came when he shifted focus to rebuilding:
Gut functionCellular membranesDetox pathwaysNervous system regulationEmotional and energetic resilience
Rather than focusing exclusively on killing microbes, he asked:
Does the body have the capacity to self-regulate and self-repair?
From that question, AEQUIL was born.
What Is AEQUIL?
AEQUIL is a biotech wellness system built around a patented technology Frédéric calls Liquid Intelligence — a formulation combining:
Structured/dynamised waterBotanicalsVitamins and electrolytesBiochemical and biophysical support
The system supports:
Brain, heart, gut, liver, and immune foundationsDetoxification and lymphatic flowStress physiologyEmotional and energetic regulationThe AEQUIL Deep Reset SystemMaintain (Foundational Support)
A daily liquid formula designed to nourish the body’s core systems and support cellular regulation.
Suggested use:
½ teaspoon morning½ teaspoon eveningReset (Deep Reset Protocol)
A structured approach to support:
Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)Micro-toxins (detox pathways)Micro-traumas (stress and emotional stagnation)
The protocol is phased to reduce Herx reactions and build resilience gradually, with many users reporting a noticeable physiological shift around weeks 8–10.
Everyday Support
Wearable patches and digital wellness tools (affirmations, breathwork) designed to support mood, sleep, energy, and immune balance during recovery.
Core Message of This Episode
Chronic Lyme recovery is rarely about one silver bullet.
It requires:
Restoring foundational systemsSupporting detox and immune functionAddressing nervous system and stress patternsRecognizing both biochemical and energetic influences
Frédéric’s story is one of humility, evolution, and transformation—from a practitioner unaware of Lyme disease to a global wellness innovator working to support both patients and healthcare providers.
🎧 Tick Boot Camp Listener Exclusive
AEQUIL is offering Tick Boot Camp listeners:
30% off with code: TB30
Listeners can email: [email protected]
Emails will connect you directly with Frédéric for guidance on:
The Deep Reset protocolWhat to expectChoosing the right welcome pack
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Episode 560: MCAS, Chronic Lyme Disease, GLP-1 Agonists, Biofilms, and the Future of Precision Medicine — Dr. Tania Dempsey, MD
28 mrt· Tick Boot Camp
GLP-1 Agonists, MCAS, Lyme Disease, and the Future of Precision Medicine
In this powerful Tick Boot Camp Podcast interview, Matt Sabatello sits down with Dr. Tania Dempsey, MD, a board-certified internal medicine physician and internationally recognized expert in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS), Lyme disease, autoimmune conditions, and complex chronic illness.
In this comprehensive conversation, Dr. Dempsey delivers one of the most forward-thinking and in-depth discussions ever featured on the podcast — connecting the dots between persistent symptoms after Lyme, immune dysregulation, biofilms, nervous system dysfunction, and groundbreaking research on GLP-1 receptor agonists as mast-cell stabilizers.
This episode offers science, clinical insight, and — most importantly — hope for patients who have tried everything and are still struggling.
Lyme Disease, MCAS, and Why Patients Stay SickWhy Treating Lyme Alone Is Often Not Enough
Dr. Dempsey explains why many patients continue to experience inflammation, pain, neurological symptoms, and relapses even after treating Lyme disease and co-infections. According to her clinical experience, this is most often due to primary Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, not persistent infection alone.
Key insight:
> Lyme disease frequently acts as the trigger, but MCAS is often the driver of ongoing symptoms.
Dr. Dempsey clarifies the critical difference between:
Primary MCAS (pre-existing immune dysfunction worsened by infections)Secondary MCAS (rare; resolves completely once infection is treated)
She notes that in decades of clinical practice, she has never seen true secondary MCAS fully resolve without ongoing mast-cell management.
SOT Therapy: When, Why, and How It Works Best
Dr. Dempsey provides a nuanced and experience-based explanation of Supportive Oligonucleotide Technique (SOT) for Lyme and co-infections.
She addresses common criticism:
One-time SOT treatments are rarely sufficientChronic Lyme often involves multiple strains of Borrelia , Babesia , and Bartonella
Her most successful cases involve:
Repeated testingSequential SOT treatments targeting specific strainsImmune system support between roundsAdjunctive therapies such as herbs, antiparasitics, and mast-cell stabilization
She shares a remarkable case of a young woman with severe neuropsychiatric symptoms who — after years of persistent SOT treatment combined with MCAS management — is now thriving, off psychiatric medications, and successfully completing college.
Biofilms: Why They Matter in Chronic Infection
Dr. Dempsey firmly states that biofilms are a critical barrier to recovery in chronically ill patients.
Key points:
Biofilms exist in the gut, sinuses, blood, and tissuesThey protect microbes from antibiotics, herbs, and immune attackResistant biofilms may involve extracellular DNA (Z-DNA), discussed at ILADS
Therapies discussed:
Enzymes such as lumbrokinase and nattokinaseOzone therapyTherapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) for severe cases
Her message is clear: if you cannot reach microbial reservoirs hidden in biofilms, infections cannot be fully controlled.
GLP-1 Agonists, Immune Modulation, and Breakthrough MCAS ResearchGLP-1 Receptor Agonists as Mast-Cell Stabilizers
Dr. Dempsey presents groundbreaking findings from her published case series:
“The Utility of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Mast Cell Activation Syndrome”
Key details:
47-patient case seriesMicro-dosing of GLP-1 agonistsPrimary medications used: tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) and semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy)
Unlike weight-loss protocols, Dr. Dempsey uses very low doses to target immune modulation — not appetite suppression.
What GLP-1 Therapy Improved in MCAS & Lyme Patients
Reported improvements included:
Cognitive clarity and brain fogChronic painNeuropsychiatric symptomsAnxiety and depressionGastrointestinal symptomsSystemic inflammationHormonal dysregulation
In some cases, patients experienced improvement within one or two doses.
Dr. Dempsey explains that mast cells express GLP-1 receptors, and activation sends a signal of safety, reducing inflammatory mediator release.
Unexpected Findings: Muscle Mass and Antibody Reduction
Contrary to common concerns, Dr. Dempsey observed:
Preserved or increased muscle mass in the majority of patientsImproved mitochondrial function and exercise toleranceReduction in chronic antibody production (including Lyme Western Blot bands)
She shares a striking case where a patient with long-standing positive Lyme antibodies saw antibody levels decline for the first time in over a decade after GLP-1 therapy — despite infection already being treated.
This supports her hypothesis:
> MCAS can drive persistent immune activation even when infection is no longer present.
Side Effects, Screening & Who Should Not Use GLP-1s
Potential side effects (usually mild):
NauseaDelayed gastric emptyingOccasional vomiting in sensitive patients
Important clinical notes:
Some patients respond better to semaglutide vs tirzepatideA small subset may require dose cycling or pulsingAntibody formation against GLP-1 drugs is a potential research focusNon-Pharmaceutical Alternatives to Increase GLP-1 Activity
For patients who cannot tolerate medications, Dr. Dempsey outlines alternatives.
Herbal & Supplement OptionsOptimumGLP Synergy (herbal blend designed to support GLP-1 signaling)Calocurb (GLP-1 supportive compound)
These options may:
Reduce inflammationHelp stabilize appetite and blood sugarCalm mast-cell activityDiet-Based Strategies
Dr. Dempsey explains why higher-protein and carnivore-leaning diets may benefit MCAS and Lyme patients:
Protein and fat stimulate endogenous GLP-1Reduced food triggersImproved metabolic stability
Patients do not need to eat exclusively meat — but increasing high-quality protein intake is often beneficial.
Nervous System, Trauma & Mast Cell Feedback Loops
The episode explores how:
Mast cells and nerves exist in a bidirectional feedback loopChronic fight-or-flight worsens immune activation
Therapies discussed:
Limbic retraining programs ( Primal Trust , Gupta Program)Vagal nerve stimulationApollo Neuro wearableKetamine-assisted therapyPsychedelic microdosing (emerging area)
Breaking the mast-cell / nervous-system loop is often essential for healing.
Women’s Health, PCOS & Autoimmune Illness
Dr. Dempsey shares a critical insight:
> In her practice, every PCOS patient also has MCAS.
She explains how:
Mast cells respond to estrogen, progesterone, insulin, and cortisolHormonal fluctuations can trigger MCAS flaresMCAS may underlie PMS, PMDD, endometriosis, and reproductive pain syndromes
GLP-1 therapy may offer new hope for women suffering from inflammatory gynecologic symptoms linked to Lyme and MCAS.
Advocacy, ILADS & The Future of MCAS Research
Dr. Dempsey discusses her work with:
ILADS (International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society)ISMCAS (International Society for Mast Cell Activation Syndrome)
ISMCAS goals include:
Funding MCAS researchEducating clinicians globallySupporting patients and advocacy efforts
She encourages patients to:
Educate themselvesShare credible research with providersMove on from doctors unwilling to listenFinal Takeaway
This episode redefines what root-cause medicine truly means.
Healing chronic Lyme disease often requires addressing:
Immune dysregulationMast cell activationNervous system dysfunctionHormonal imbalanceMetabolic inflammation
Dr. Tania Dempsey offers a roadmap — grounded in science, compassion, and innovation — for patients
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Episode 559: Restoring and Rebuilding Your Identity: Healing Lyme Disease Beyond the Physical | Live Webinar
21 mrt· Tick Boot Camp
In this special Tick Boot Camp Podcast conversation recorded for Dr. Bill Rawls’ Vital Plan Network as part of the Cellular Healing Boot Camp Series, Tick Boot Camp co-hosts Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen join Liza Blas (Vital Plan Network Community Manager) to unpack one of the most overlooked—but most transformative—parts of chronic illness recovery: rebuilding identity.
This episode serves as a follow-up to Lesson 16 in the Boot Camp (watch full lesson) and expands the framework Rich introduced in the lesson—showing how chronic Lyme disease and complex chronic illness can dysregulate not only the body, but also the mind, nervous system, and sense of meaning and connection. Together, they explore the “patterns” they’ve observed through 650+ Tick Boot Camp interviews with patients, doctors, and researchers—and how those patterns point toward a more complete roadmap for healing.https://community.vitalplan.com/
What You’ll Learn in This EpisodeWhy healing from chronic Lyme disease is rarely “just physical”The key recovery patterns observed across 650+ patient interviewsHow identity gets disrupted by chronic illness—and how to rebuild itThe difference between faith vs. doubt as forms of beliefThe “Big Three Lies” that shape a harmful Lyme identityHow the nervous system, stress hormones, and immune dysfunction feed each otherWhy “it’s never just one thing” when it comes to recoveryPractical tools for hard days: breathwork, gratitude, pacing, and nervous system supportA step-by-step “path forward” that includes physical, psychological, and spiritual healingKey Themes and Takeaways1) The Tick Boot Camp Origin Story (and Why Patterns Matter)
Rich shares the moment Tick Boot Camp was born: seeing Matt go from a healthy, high-performing young man to being severely disabled by chronic illness—then watching him fight his way back. That personal crisis, combined with Rich’s own tick bite and lack of competent medical guidance, revealed a hard truth:
The real experts are the people who’ve lived the journey.
Tick Boot Camp became a platform to capture what actually works in real life—through deep, long-form interviews that expose patterns you don’t see in short appointments or isolated protocols.
2) The Biggest Pattern: Recovery Requires More Than Medicine
Matt explains one of the most important—and most triggering—lessons he had to accept:
Chronic Lyme is not only a physical illness. It impacts your nervous system, psychology, relationships, and identity.
He also highlights two massive recovery truths seen again and again:
Believing you can heal matters, because hopelessness prevents action.It’s never one thing. Healing is cumulative—built through layered interventions over time.
This isn’t “it’s all in your head.” It’s acknowledging that infection changes brain chemistry, stress responses, and perception—and that those changes must be addressed as part of recovery.
3) Tick Boot Camp's Framework: Three “Immune Systems” That Can Break Down
Rich expands the “immune system must win the day” concept from Dr. Bill Rawls’ book Unlocking Lyme, and explains how it applies beyond the body.
He argues many people experience a breakdown across three interconnected systems:
Physical immune system: fatigue, pain, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctionPsychological immune system: stress response, nervous system dysregulation, belief filteringSpiritual immune system: purpose, meaning, connection, and “place in the world”
The more systems involved, the more complex and longer the recovery journey can be.
4) Belief: A Two-Sided Coin (Faith vs. Doubt)
Rich explains why his early messaging triggered Matt—and what finally clarified it:
Belief isn’t something you either “have” or “don’t have”Belief is always presentIt comes in two forms:Faith: belief you’re more likely than not to get the outcome you wantDoubt: belief you’re more likely than not to get the outcome you don’t want
People enter the chronic illness journey carrying belief—but often it has been converted into doubt through repeated invalidation, medical dismissal, and prolonged suffering.
5) The Big Three Lies That Create “Lyme Identity”
Across hundreds of interviews, Rich says the same three narratives appear repeatedly:
“You don’t look sick.”“It’s all in your head.”“You can’t get better.”
These lies—coming from doctors, family, society, and even internal self-talk—can form what Rich calls a “lie-dentity”: a false identity built from invalidation and survival-mode thinking.
6) Matt’s Personal Breakdown Across All Three Systems
Matt describes how, in hindsight, he was dysregulated in all three systems:
Spiritual/meaning: loss of connection, loneliness, relationships collapsing due to cognitive disabilityPsychological: new anxiety, doom, depression, fear, hyper-control while having no controlPhysical: severe neurological symptoms including seizures, tremors, hallucinations, inability to walk properly, and crushing fatigue
He emphasizes therapy can be valuable—not because illness is imagined—but because anyone would struggle emotionally when their life collapses physically.
Practical Recovery Tools MentionedNervous System Support and Emotional Bandwidth
Matt shares that HPA Balance from Vital Plan became a turning point by calming his nervous system enough to safely pursue antimicrobial healing steps. He describes it as helping him feel “normal” again—creating the emotional bandwidth needed to keep going.
He also mentions:
Napiers Ashwagandha Root Tincture (Withania somnifera)Passionflower Tincture (Passiflora incarnata)
Used as-needed when overstimulated, anxious, or overwhelmed.
Cellular/Mitochondrial Recovery and Broad Support
Matt outlines a layered approach aligned with Dr. Rawls’ cellular recovery philosophy, including:
foundational supplementationadaptogenic supportmitochondrial supportbroad-spectrum herbal antimicrobial supportA Practical “Holiday” Tool
Matt notes using chlorella as a personal strategy to offset inflammation after dietary triggers—supporting his ability to recover more quickly after “human moments” like holiday dessert.
The Path Forward: A Simple Roadmap
Rich’s recommendation for moving forward begins with something many people avoid:
Step 1: Sit with it
Reflect honestly on:
What’s happening physicallyWhat’s happening emotionally (stress, fear, self-talk)What’s happening spiritually (meaning, connection, purpose)Step 2: Support the physical system with basicssleepdietgentle movement when possibleconsistent, realistic routinesStep 3: Protect the psychological immune system from “lies”
Recognize how invalidation can become internalized, and how survival-mode thinking can shut down healing physiology.
Step 4: Rebuild meaning through service and connection
Rich suggests small steps that re-establish purpose and belonging—especially for those who are still very sick. Even minimal action can restore identity and hope over time.
Participate in LymeDisease.org's My Lyme Data SurveyVolunteer with the Center for Lyme ActionVolunteer with Lyme organizations, like Global Lyme Alliance, Project Lyme, and Lyme Warrior“When you have a bad day, how do you keep the faith?”
Matt shares a practical approach:
pause and breathegratitude practice (family, progress, community, relationships)nervous system support tools when needed
Rich adds: the brain can change negatively—but also positively—and building a recovery “toolbox” helps you stay stable through inevitable ups and downs.
Why This Episode Matters
Many chronic illness conversations focus narrowly on protocols, supplements, and symptom management. This conversation zooms out to address what chronic Lyme truly disrupts:
identity, confidence, relationships, and the ability to trust yourself again.
If you feel stuck, lost, or disconnected from who you were—or who you’re becoming—this episode offers a framework for understanding why that happens and how people rebuild from it.
About Tick Boot Camp
Tick Boot Camp is a Lyme disease awareness and recovery platform built around long-form conversations with the people who know the journey best: patients who have lived it, plus the doctors and researchers working to improve outcomes. With 650+ interviews, the show documents the common patterns behind recovery and resilience.
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Episode 558: Persistent Infection, Molecular Mimicry, and the Future of Chronic Lyme | Amy Proal, PhD
14 mrt· Tick Boot Camp
In this powerful and science-forward episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, host Matt Sabatello sits down with Amy Proal, PhD, a leading microbiologist whose work is reshaping how the medical community understands chronic Lyme disease, post-treatment Lyme disease (PTLD), ME/CFS, and Long COVID.
Dr. Proal brings a rare combination of deep scientific expertise, lived experience with chronic illness, and real-world clinical integration, offering listeners clarity on why so many patients remain sick long after standard treatment ends — and what science is finally doing about it.
👩‍🔬 About Amy Proal, PhD
Amy Proal, PhD, is an internationally recognized microbiologist specializing in the molecular mechanisms by which persistent pathogens alter human immunity, metabolism, and gene expression.
She currently serves in two major leadership roles:
President & Research Director, PolyBio Research Foundation
Scientific Director, Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness (CORE) at Mount Sinai
Her work focuses on infection-associated chronic illness, including:
Chronic Lyme disease & tick-borne co-infections
Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLD)
ME/CFS
Long COVID
Dr. Proal is widely known for helping shift the scientific narrative away from psychosomatic explanations and toward biological root causes driven by persistent infection and immune dysregulation.
🧬 PolyBio Research Foundation: Rewriting the Science of Chronic Illness
Dr. Proal co-founded PolyBio Research Foundation in 2018 alongside neuroscientist Dr. Michael VanElzakker, after recognizing that most chronic illness research ignored root cause biology, particularly infection.
What Makes PolyBio Different
Led by scientists, not administrators
Focused on tissue-based research, not just blood tests
Actively recruits researchers from HIV, tuberculosis, and virology fields to study Lyme and ME/CFS
Designs research programs before fundraising, ensuring scientific rigor
PolyBio has played a major role in advancing research on:
Pathogen persistence in human tissue
Hidden reservoirs of infection
Why standard diagnostics often fail
🏥 Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness (CORE)
Dr. Proal also serves as Scientific Director of the Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness (CORE) at Mount Sinai in New York City.
CORE’s Mission
Treat patients with Long COVID and chronic tick-borne illness within an insurance-based system
Integrate clinical care with active research and clinical trials
Establish new standards of care for infection-associated chronic disease
At CORE, Dr. Proal helps design studies that leverage real patient visits — asking critical questions such as:
Where is the pathogen hiding?
What tissues are affected?
What immune pathways are disrupted?
🧠 Persistent Infection & Why Blood Tests Fail
A central theme of the episode is that chronic infection is often a tissue-based disease, not a blood-based one.
Dr. Proal explains:
Pathogens like Borrelia (Lyme) and SARS-CoV-2 actively avoid the bloodstream
Blood is heavily patrolled by immune cells — tissue offers protection
Absence of evidence in blood ≠ absence of infection
This helps explain why:
Lyme disease often goes undetected by standard serology
Patients remain symptomatic despite “negative tests”
Tissue biopsies and advanced imaging are essential for progress
🧬 Molecular Mimicry: How Infection Triggers Autoimmune Symptoms
Dr. Proal provides a clear explanation of molecular mimicry, a key mechanism linking infection and autoimmunity.
What Is Molecular Mimicry?
Pathogens produce proteins that closely resemble human proteins
The immune system attacks the pathogen — and accidentally attacks the body
This creates autoimmune-like disease, even though infection is the trigger
This mechanism helps explain:
Why immune suppression may reduce symptoms but worsen disease
Why many autoimmune diagnoses may actually be infection-driven
Why treating the pathogen matters, not just calming the immune system
🔁 Successive Infection: Why Some Patients Get Sicker Than Others
A major insight from this episode is Dr. Proal’s concept of successive infection.
Rather than genetics alone, she suggests severity is often driven by:
Prior infections (Lyme, Bartonella, Babesia, viruses)
Environmental exposures (mold, toxins)
Physical trauma (concussions, brain injury)
Each “hit” dysregulates the immune system, making the next infection harder to clear — a cumulative burden that explains why:
Some people become severely ill from Lyme
Others remain asymptomatic despite repeated tick exposure
🧠 Neurological Lyme, the Brain & the Vagus Nerve
Dr. Proal discusses multiple ways Lyme and infections affect the nervous system:
Direct CNS Infection
Pathogens crossing the blood–brain barrier
Microglial activation causing neuroinflammation
Indirect Neurological Signaling
Infection in the gut, heart, or lungs activating the vagus nerve nearby
Direct infection of the vagus nerve with Lyme
Brainstem signaling triggering fatigue, pain, dysautonomia, and brain fog
This dual-pathway model explains why neurological symptoms can occur even without detectable brain infection.
🧫 Tissue, Imaging & the Future of Diagnostics
One of the most exciting parts of the episode covers next-generation diagnostics, including:
Tissue biopsies (gut, lymph nodes, nerve, synovium)
Ultra-sensitive molecular detection
Immune cell exhaustion markers (e.g., PD-1)
Advanced imaging that can map pathogens in the body
Dr. Proal explains how future tools may:
Identify not just presence , but activity of infection
Distinguish nervous system involvement
Enable targeted clinical trials and personalized treatment
🧠 Infection, Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Disease
Dr. Proal also discusses compelling research linking infection to Alzheimer’s disease, including evidence that:
Amyloid plaques may be part of the innate immune response
Plaques form around viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens
Removing amyloid alone fails because it ignores root cause
This framework aligns with decades of overlooked research connecting Lyme, herpesviruses, and neurodegeneration.
🌱 Hope for the Lyme & Chronic Illness Community
Dr. Proal closes the episode with optimism, highlighting:
Rapid advances in diagnostics
Better-designed clinical trials
Increasing collaboration across institutions
A long-overdue shift toward biological validation
Her message is clear: Patients were right. Science is finally catching up.
🔑 Key Topics Covered
Chronic Lyme disease
Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLD)
Persistent Borrelia infection
Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity
Successive infection model
Long COVID pathogen persistence
Tissue-based diagnostics
Neurological Lyme disease
Vagus nerve and dysautonomia
Cohen Center for Recovery from Complex Chronic Illness
PolyBio Research Foundation
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Episode 557: The Stanford Scientist Rewriting the Future of Lyme Disease Treatment — Dr. Jayakumar Rajadas | Tick Boot Camp
7 mrt· Tick Boot Camp
In this groundbreaking episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, we interview Dr. Jayakumar Rajadas, a Stanford Medicine researcher who has discovered multiple breakthrough therapeutic candidates for Lyme disease, Babesia, and Bartonella. His work includes the discovery of Disulfiram’s effectiveness against Lyme and Babesia, Azlocillin’s potent activity against Lyme and Bartonella, and advanced targeted drug-delivery systems designed to preserve the gut microbiome.
Dr. Jay's research has been featured in TIME Magazine (Azlocillin) and Forbes (Disulfiram), and connects deeply with the work of leading Lyme researchers, including Dr. Monica Embers (Tulane), Dr. Kim Lewis (Northeastern), Dr. Kenneth Liegner, and Dr. Brian Fallon (Columbia University).
This interview delivers hope, science, and unprecedented detail on what may become the next generation of Lyme disease treatments.
Key Topics Covered1. How the Stanford Tick Initiative Sparked a New Era of Drug Discovery
In 2012, Stanford launched a major initiative in response to community demand for better Lyme treatments.
Dr. Rajadas was selected to lead drug development, focusing specifically on persistent/chronic Lyme disease, where few researchers were working.
2. Understanding Borrelia: Active vs. Stationary Forms & Why Chronic Lyme Persists
Dr. J explains the three key survival modes of Borrelia burgdorferi:
Active Phase
The bacteria are replicating and metabolically active.
Easier to kill with standard antibiotics.
Stationary Phase
Bacteria reach population limits and slow down growth.
Represents early persistence mechanisms.
Persister Forms
Triggered by stressors like antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline).
Bacteria fold into round bodies, spiral forms, or compact “cement-like” protective balls.
These forms:
Shut down metabolic pathways
Resist penetration
Survive antibiotic exposure
Why Doxycycline Can Fail
Doxycycline can induce persisters, causing Borrelia to form impenetrable protective shells rather than die.
This is why many patients initially feel better, then relapse.
3. Disulfiram (Antabuse): Lyme + Babesia Breakthrough Featured in Forbes
One of the biggest scientific shocks of the last decade:
Discovery
Through Stanford’s high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs, Disulfiram emerged as a top hit.
Clears Borrelia (including persistent forms)
Clears Babesia — a major advantage over standard antibiotics
Does NOT harm the gut microbiome
Is already FDA-approved and widely used for alcohol aversion therapy
Highly potent but requires careful dosing due to side effects in inflamed patients.
Why Some Patients Improve, and Others Suffer
Chronic Lyme patients already have heightened inflammation.
Disulfiram is a powerful molecule whose polymorphic forms behave differently in different people.
His lab developed:
Less toxic formulations
Buccal & sublingual delivery systems
Rectal delivery options
These may reduce neuropsychiatric side effects reported by some patients.
Clinical ConnectionsDr. Kenneth Liegner
pioneered clinical use and published cases
Dr. Brian Fallon
conducted NIH-listed clinical trials.
Many clinicians now use Liegner’s protocols.
Real-world example: Matt shares the story of Brooke Stoddard (Generation Lyme), who regained his life after Disulfiram treatment under Dr. Liegner.
4. Azlocillin: The Antibiotic That TIME Magazine Called a Gamechanger
If Disulfiram is the Lyme and Babesia weapon, Azlocillin may be the frontline tool for Lyme and Bartonella.
Why Azlocillin Is Revolutionary
Eradicates both active and persister forms of Borrelia.
Destroys doxycycline-induced “cement ball” persisters by drilling into their vulnerable cell-wall synthesis pathways.
Proven effective against Bartonella when paired with azithromycin, based on research by
Dr. Monica Embers (Tulane)
.
The Cell-Wall Vulnerability Breakthrough
Persisters STILL must maintain minimal cell-wall synthesis to survive.
Azlocillin exploits this tiny vulnerability:
It penetrates the protective sphere
Breaks the “cement wall”
Forces the bacteria out of hibernation
Kills them rapidly
This discovery is one of the biggest scientific leaps in Lyme research in a decade.
The Delivery System That Protects the Gut Microbiome
Azlocillin is extremely hydrophilic, making absorption difficult.Dr. Jay fixed this by creating:
A magnesium-lipid nanoparticle formulation
Designed to release in the upper intestine
Avoiding the colon (where most microbiome lives)
This allows:
High bloodstream absorption
Minimal microbiome damage
Oral availability of a drug previously only available via IV
Why Azlocillin May Be Better Than Disulfiram
Hits Borrelia + Bartonella
Stronger anti-inflammatory effects
No polymorphism issues
Fewer side effects
Potent against persisters
A company is preparing to bring his oral formulation to clinical trials by next year.
5. Loratadine (Claritin): The First Clue from 2012
Before Disulfiram and Azlocillin, Dr. Jay’s lab identified Loratadine (Claritin) as a manganese transporter inhibitor of Borrelia.
Why it mattered:
Borrelia uniquely relies on manganese, not iron.
Blocking manganese uptake may weaken the bacteria.
The discovery went viral, with many patients reporting improvement even at OTC doses—though the binding affinity was weak.
This project introduced the concept of drug repurposing for Lyme to the scientific community.
6. Melittin (Bee Venom) — The Micro-Needle Patch Alternative
Bee venom therapy is widely used in the Lyme community, but risks stings and allergic reactions.
Dr. J is developing:
Melittin micro-needle patches
Delivering the active peptide without stinging
Using dissolvable, painless needles
A safe, controlled, pharmaceutical-grade delivery approach
This could modernize bee venom therapy and make it more accessible.
7. Mechanism of Brain Fog & Fatigue in Lyme: A Major Breakthrough
Dr. Jay’s lab published a neuroscience paper demonstrating:
Outer Surface Protein (Osp) Nanoparticles
Borrelia sheds lipid-coated outer membrane particles.
These form stable nano-vesicles that:
Enter the bloodstream
Cross into the brain
Cause mitochondrial dysfunction
Reduce ATP production
Result: Brain Fog, Fatigue, Cognitive Dysfunction
This explains why neurological Lyme can persist even after bacterial levels drop.
This work ties strongly to ongoing research at Columbia University under Dr. Brian Fallon.
8. Collaborations With World Leaders in Lyme Research
Dr. J’s research intersects with:
Dr. Kim Lewis (Northeastern University)
Reproduced and validated Disulfiram findings publicly.
Helped launch interest in persister-killing therapies.
Dr. Monica Embers (Tulane University)
Demonstrated Azlocillin + Azithromycin effectiveness against Bartonella.
One of the world’s foremost experts in persistent infection models.
Dr. Kenneth Liegner
Early clinical pioneer of Disulfiram therapy.
Published stunning recovery cases.
Dr. Brian A. Fallon (Columbia University)
Leading psychiatrist specializing in post-treatment Lyme.
Conducted planned Disulfiram clinical trials.
These collaborations form a powerful network accelerating treatment development.
9. New Anti-Inflammatory Discoveries: Galangin & More
Dr. Jay recently co-authored a 2025 paper on:
Galangin (Thai ginger rhizome extract)
Which may reverse cardiac inflammation and fibrosis
His team is also exploring other nutraceutical molecules for chronic inflammation relief in Lyme patients.
10. Dr. Jay’s Personal Story of Illness and Hope
He reveals for the first time:
He was diagnosed with Stage 3 Multiple Myeloma
Lost the ability to walk
Suffered unbearable pain
After cutting-edge therapies and research, he is now in full remission
His message to Lyme patients: “There is ALWAYS hope.”
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Episode 556: Solving Lyme Diagnostics and Discovering New Tick-Borne Pathogens with Dr. Bobbi S. Pritt
28 feb· Tick Boot Camp
Dr. Bobbi S. Pritt joins Tick Boot Camp Podcast for a scientific deep dive into Lyme disease diagnostics, co-infections, and emerging tick-borne pathogens. Dr. Pritt is Professor and Chair of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at Mayo Clinic and Director of the Clinical Parasitology Laboratory in Rochester, Minnesota. An internationally recognized expert in vector-borne diseases, she is globally known for discovering new tick-borne pathogens—including Borrelia mayonii and Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis—and for advancing cutting-edge molecular and metagenomic diagnostic testing used nationwide.
This episode offers essential clarity for anyone navigating Lyme disease, unexplained symptoms, or confusing test results. Dr. Pritt explains why standard tests often miss early Lyme, how PCR and molecular tools can detect active infection, and what metagenomic sequencing may offer for more accurate and comprehensive diagnostics in the future.
Episode Summary
Dr. Pritt breaks down how Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are detected through antibody testing, PCR, tissue analysis, and cutting-edge molecular methods. She explains how her lab discovered multiple new pathogens in the upper Midwest, the role of tick species in disease transmission, and why co-infections complicate diagnosis. This conversation also explores geographic spread, climate change, tick behavior, and the strengths and limitations of today’s test algorithms.
Key Topics
• Discovery of Borrelia mayonii as a second cause of Lyme disease in the U.S.
• Identification and characterization of Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis
• Geographic hotspots and why the upper Midwest produces unique pathogens
• Tick species differences: blacklegged vs. lone star ticks and their hunting strategies
• Co-feeding in ticks and its role in pathogen evolution
• Why early Lyme tests often return false-negative results
• The science behind false positives and cross-reactivity
• PCR advantages and limitations for detecting Borrelia
• When skin biopsies can outperform blood tests
• Differentiating Lyme, B. miyamotoi, Anaplasma, Babesia, and Powassan virus
• When clinicians should order a full tick-borne disease panel
• How climate and ecological changes drive new tick-borne threats
• The promise of metagenomics and immune-signature diagnostics
What You’ll Learn
• Why current Lyme testing algorithms struggle in early infection
• How new tick-borne pathogens are discovered and validated
• Why lone star ticks are more aggressive and changing regional risk
• When and why molecular testing is more effective
• What symptoms point to co-infections needing additional testing
• Why doxycycline is not effective for certain pathogens like Babesia
• How metagenomic sequencing could identify every pathogen in a single sample
• Where diagnostic innovation is heading and what patients can expect
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Episode 555: The Science of Why Some People Don’t Recover from Lyme Disease — Inside the Largest Clinical Study at MIT – with Dr. Michal (Mikki) Tal
21 feb· Tick Boot Camp
What makes Lyme disease resolve quickly in some people but turn into a life-altering chronic illness in others?In this episode, world-leading immunologist Dr. Michal “Mikki” Tal, Principal Scientist at MIT, explains what her team is discovering through the MAESTRO Study — the largest clinical research project in MIT’s history and the first of its kind to include real Lyme patients in a multi-system biological analysis.
Dr. Tal’s work sits at the intersection of immunology, bioengineering, and women’s health, uncovering how infections like Lyme and COVID can cause persistent inflammation, immune miscommunication, and hormonal imbalance. Through MAESTRO, she’s mapping how recovery breaks down — and what can be done to predict, prevent, and ultimately reverse chronic illness.
👩‍🔬 About Dr. Tal
Dr. Michal “Mikki” Caspi Tal, PhD
Principal Scientist, MIT Department of Biological EngineeringAssociate Scientific Director, MIT Center for Gynepathology ResearchHead, Tal Research Group
A Yale-trained immunologist (PhD under Dr. Akiko Iwasaki) and former Stanford researcher in Dr. Irving Weissman’s lab, Dr. Tal specializes in infection-associated chronic illnesses. She has received NIH NIAID fellowships and the Bay Area Lyme Foundation Emerging Leader Award for her pioneering research on the immune mechanisms linking Lyme disease, Long COVID, and chronic inflammation.
🧬 What You’ll Learn1. Why 10% of People Don’t Recover from Lyme
Roughly 90% of Lyme patients recover after antibiotic treatment — but 10% continue to experience long-term symptoms.Dr. Tal explains that this is not psychological; it’s biological. In these individuals, the immune system’s “off switch” fails, leading to chronic inflammation, tissue injury, and immune exhaustion — a state she calls catastrophic recovery failure.
2. The MAESTRO Study: Measuring Absolutely Everything
MAESTRO (Mucosal And systEmic Signatures Triggered by Responses to infectious Organisms) integrates advanced biology, neuroscience, and patient experience.Participants provide:
Blood, saliva, urine, and swab samples for immune and microbiome profilingEEG brainwave tests (WAVi), eye-tracking (RightEye), and cognitive testing (BrainCheck)NASA Lean Test for autonomic dysfunction (POTS) and capillaroscopy to visualize microvascular flowEvie Ring wearable tracking sleep, heart rate, and oxygen
Plainly: MAESTRO maps the connection between what patients feel and what’s happening biologically inside their brains, blood, and immune systems.
3. Sex-Based Immunity and Hormonal Differences
Every immune cell carries receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. These hormones literally change how the immune system responds.
Men: more severe acute infections.Women: more likely to survive but develop chronic post-infectious illness.This isn’t “in their heads” — it’s a biological trade-off built into human evolution.4. Lyme and Reproductive Health
Dr. Tal’s group uncovered Borrelia (Lyme bacteria) in the uterus and bladder of infected animal models, and population studies show a twofold increase in gynecologic conditions (like endometriosis and PCOS) after Lyme infection, even post-treatment.This challenges the old view of Lyme as a joint or nerve disease — revealing it as a whole-body infection that can affect reproductive and hormonal health.
5. Immune Checkpoints: How Borrelia Hits the Brakes
The immune system uses checkpoint molecules as brakes to avoid self-destruction.Dr. Tal found that Borrelia’s P66 protein can engage SIRP-alpha, a human “stop signal,” effectively telling the immune system to stand down too soon.This immune hijacking may explain persistent infection and the biological differences in recovery between men and women.
6. Collagen, Mast Cells, and Hypermobility
Many chronic Lyme patients report joint laxity or Ehlers-Danlos-like symptoms.Dr. Tal’s research shows Borrelia can reside within collagen-rich tissues, provoking mast cells (inflammatory immune cells) to attack both the bacteria and the body’s connective tissue — weakening ligaments, causing pain, and perpetuating inflammation.
7. Allergy-Type Immune Reactions to Bacteria
Around one-third of chronic Lyme patients produce IgE antibodies (normally linked to allergies) against Borrelia and oral spirochetes such as Treponema denticola.In simple terms: the immune system becomes “allergic” to its own bacteria, keeping inflammation alive even after infection clears.
8. Brain Biomarkers: Reaction Time and Neuroinflammation
By using EEG and eye-tracking technology, the MAESTRO study reveals that people with chronic Lyme and Long COVID have measurably slower reaction times — a neurological signature of inflammation that validates patient-reported “brain fog.”The data prove that cognitive slowdown is not subjective — it’s an objective biomarker of neuroinflammatory illness.
9. Predicting Chronic Illness Before It Happens
The ultimate goal: identify the biological patterns that forecast who will develop chronic Lyme.Using multi-omics (proteomics, metabolomics, genomics) integrated with functional tests, Dr. Tal’s team aims to create the first predictive diagnostic framework for infection-associated chronic disease.
🧠 Key Quotes“MAESTRO stands for Measure Absolutely Everything. That’s how we make invisible illness visible.”“Every immune cell listens to hormones. That’s why recovery looks different between men and women.”“Borrelia can tap the immune system’s brakes — that’s how it survives.”“Reaction time is data. It’s what brain fog looks like when you can finally measure it.”🧩 The Big Picture
Dr. Tal’s work bridges hard science and patient reality, validating what millions of Lyme patients have felt for decades.Her data suggest that chronic Lyme disease, Long COVID, and similar conditions share a common root: a failure of immune resolution.By decoding these patterns, her team is paving the way for real diagnostics, targeted treatments, and renewed hope.
🧪 Participate
The Tal Research Group's MAESTRO program is seeking Chronic Lyme Disease and Acute Lyme Disease patients to participate in their large clinical study. Participants provide samples and complete neurological and physiological testing at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month visits. Visit Tal Research Group MAESTRO website to learn more or be connected with the MAESTRO research team.
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Episode 554: How MIT Is Redefining Chronic Lyme Disease: Inside the MAESTRO Study with Yuri Kim
14 feb· Tick Boot Camp
In this episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, Matt Sabatello sits down with Yuri Kim, the lead clinical research nurse for MIT’s MAESTRO study, described as one of the largest studies in MIT history focused on Lyme disease and Infection-Associated Chronic Illnesses (IACI). Yuri explains how MAESTRO is collecting deep symptom histories and objective measurements—from eye tracking and EEG/P300 auditory testing to NASA Lean dysautonomia testing, capillaroscopy, and multi-sample biological collection—to identify patterns that validate patient experiences and accelerate real-world clinical understanding.
Yuri’s story is equally compelling: she began as an ER nurse in a Level 1 trauma center, transitioned into research nursing (including neurodegenerative and traumatic brain injury work), moved to South Korea during the pandemic, and ultimately joined MIT after a conversation with Dr. Mikki Tal changed the course of her career. Throughout the conversation, Yuri shares what she’s learned from MAESTRO participants: a community often exhausted and dismissed, yet profoundly motivated to help others and drive scientific progress forward.
Key Takeaways (Fast Scan)
MAESTRO is nearing ~200 participants enrolled, with the chronic Lyme cohort full and enrollment closing soon.
The study aims to objectively measure symptoms often dismissed as “anxiety” or “depression,” especially brain fog and dysautonomia.
MAESTRO uses multiple cognitive and neurologic measures, including RightEye eye tracking, EEG + P300 auditory “oddball” testing, and remote cognitive battery tests.
The team added capillaroscopy (nailfold and toe microvascular imaging) to explore vascular patterns and hemorrhages in chronic illness cohorts.
Dysautonomia testing includes NASA Lean Test plus an earpiece device to estimate proxy cerebral blood flow, sometimes showing abnormalities even when vitals look “normal.”
Extensive biological sampling (oral, blood, vaginal/rectal) supports proteomics/immune profiling and deeper molecular analysis.
Yuri emphasizes: patients’ willingness to participate—despite severe symptoms—is the engine of progress and future change.
Detailed Chapter-by-Chapter Show Notes1) Meet Yuri Kim: The Human Side of Cutting-Edge Lyme Research
Matt introduces Yuri as the clinical research nurse leading day-to-day operations of MIT’s MAESTRO study—positioning her as a rare bridge between lab science, clinicians, and patients. Yuri shares that the study is approaching enrollment completion and that the team is eager to analyze a large dataset to “speak up” for participants who have suffered without clear explanations.
Highlights:
MAESTRO is one of MIT’s largest studies, with enrollment nearing completion.
The mission is to transform patient suffering into measurable signals, data, and insight.
2) Yuri’s Background: Pharma, ER Nursing, Research, and Why This Work Became Personal
Yuri explains her path: early work as a medical information specialist in pharma (including literature searches and clinician guidance, often involving off-label questions), then an intense period as a Level 1 ER nurse where she witnessed both acute crises and chronic illness desperation.
Key insight:Yuri notes that in pharma and ER settings, she repeatedly saw the same reality—patients searching for answers, clinicians constrained by time, and chronic illness voices falling through the cracks.
3) From the ER to Neuro Research: Brain Inflammation, TBI, and the Gap in Chronic Illness Care
Yuri left ER work largely due to the physical toll of night shifts and moved into academic research at Boston University. She worked on complex studies involving Alzheimer’s, amyloidosis, and traumatic brain injury.
Matt asks whether Lyme came up in those neuro settings. Yuri says no—but now she views neurodegenerative symptoms differently and believes clinicians should consider underlying root causes, including infection.
Listener connection:This segment reinforces how often Lyme-related cognitive decline can be misinterpreted or missed when viewed through siloed specialties.
4) Lyme Awareness Outside the U.S.: South Korea, Tick-Borne Illness, and Global Blind Spots
During the pandemic, Yuri relocated to South Korea. She shares that Lyme isn’t commonly discussed there, though other tick-borne illnesses exist. Yuri underscores a global concern: agricultural and rural communities face tick exposure without awareness of the chronic implications.
5) How Yuri Joined Dr. Mikki Tal and MAESTRO (And Why She Changed Her Mind)
One of the most memorable segments: Yuri reveals she had already accepted another MIT nursing role—but after speaking with Dr. Tal, she pivoted immediately, calling it the best career decision she’s ever made.
Why it matters: It shows how MAESTRO is not just a study; it’s a mission-driven effort that attracts top clinical talent.
6) Day One at MAESTRO: Meeting the Severely Ill and the Community’s Unmatched Generosity
Yuri recounts a powerful early experience: meeting a participant who was bedbound and profoundly symptomatic, yet eager to contribute anything possible to help the community.
Matt connects this to Tick Boot Camp’s origin story: people with minimal energy still showed up to help others. The theme becomes clear—Lyme patients are often depleted but relentlessly generous.
What MAESTRO Measures (The Four-Hour Visit Breakdown)7) Brain Fog: Why MAESTRO Treats It as a Complex Phenomenon
Yuri explains MAESTRO’s approach: brain fog isn’t one symptom. It can involve memory, processing speed, visual stimulation sensitivity, pain-triggered cognition changes, and motor response delays.
Core idea: MAESTRO attempts to measure brain fog from multiple angles—visual processing, auditory processing, reaction time, and executive function.
8) RightEye Eye Tracking: Visual Stimulus + Reaction Time as Objective Signal
Participants complete a structured set of ocular motor tasks (pursuit, saccades) and reaction-time games (shape recognition mapped to numbered inputs). Yuri notes many chronic illness participants struggle even with basic saccades, often aligning with reported visual disturbances.
What MAESTRO is measuring:
Ocular motor control
Visual processing
Decision speed
Reaction time consistency
9) EEG + P300 “Oddball” Test: Auditory Processing Meets Motor Output
Participants wear an EEG cap (19 regions) and listen to tones: common low-pitch and rare high-pitch. They must press the spacebar only for the rare tone. Yuri notes that even a 4-minute test can be exhausting for people with cognitive dysfunction, and participants often describe a frustrating “delay” between knowing what to do and physically doing it.
Why this matters: This may help validate cognitive dysfunction even when standard office screening looks normal.
10) Remote Cognitive Battery Testing: Scaling Measurement Beyond MIT
Participants complete executive function tests at home (memory, Stroop-like color-word matching, trail-making tasks). Yuri emphasizes why this matters: many patients can’t travel, and symptoms vary dramatically by day, cycle, and crash patterns.
Big future direction: Remote testing could expand access to bedbound patients and capture “good day vs bad day” variability.
11) Dysautonomia & POTS: NASA Lean Test + Proxy Cerebral Blood Flow
Yuri details NASA Lean testing: supine rest, then standing/leaning while monitoring vitals and symptoms. The standout: sometimes vitals appear stable while patients feel intensely symptomatic—yet the cerebral blood flow proxy measurement fluctuates significantly.
Clinical implication discussed: This approach could become a tool for identifying dysautonomia-related issues when standard vitals “look fine.”
12) Capillaroscopy: Nailfold + Toe Microvascular Imaging
MAESTRO added capillaroscopy to examine microvascular patterns, including abnormal shapes and possible hemorrhages seen more frequently in chronic cohorts (as her clinical observations suggest). They also measure capillaries pre- and post-NASA Lean to explore whether symptomatic shifts correlate with microvascular changes.
Why patients find it meaningful: They can visually see something measurable that aligns with how they feel.
13) Standard Neuro Screening Doesn’t Capture Lyme Brain Fog
Yuri shares a crucial point: participants often perform fine on standard screens like the Mini-Mental State Exam, suggesting that infection-associated cognitive dysfunction can be subtle, dynamic, and not detected by traditional tools—reinforcing the need for MAESTRO-style measurement.
Biological Samples: “Measure Everything” (Head to Toe)14) Multi-Sample Collection: Oral, Blood, Vaginal, Rectal
Yuri explains the breadth of biological sampling, including saliva/oral samples (cotton chew + gum swab), multiple blood tubes, and sex-specific sampling to explore immune, hormonal, microbiome, and gynecologic dimensions.
Why it’s being done: To connect symptom clusters to molecular patterns and explore sex differences in chronic illness response.
15) Storage, Batch Effects, and What Happens After Enrollment Closes
Samples are aliquoted and stored at -80°C until they can be processed/shipped in ways that minimize batch effects. The next phase is analysis and collaboration—including proteomics and immune signaling exploration.
16) Giving Back to Participants: The Challenge and the Intention
Yuri acknowledges the “fine line” between research-only testing and clinically actionable reporting, but stresses MIT’s intention to return what can be responsibly shared through certified partners—while being careful not to over-interpret research findings.
Collaboration, Scaling, and What Comes Next17) Collaboration Across Institutions: The Missing Platform
Matt compares Lyme research needs to cybersecurity threat-sharing between banks: competitors collaborate because the threat is bigger than any one organization. Yuri agrees and highlights the need for secure data-sharing platforms—similar to large national efforts in other fields.
18) What’s Next: Focus on Female Brain Fog, Hormones, and Remote Studies
Yuri previews upcoming directions:
Brain fog and hormone cycle relationships
Differentiating infection-associated cognitive dysfunction vs menopause-related brain fog
Remote/at-home measurement studies to reach more symptomatic and bedbound patients
Potential collaborations with pediatric and neuroimmune experts
Closing Message: Hope Without Hype
Yuri’s message to patients and families is simple and emotional: “Please don’t give up.” She believes answers are coming because serious teams are working together—and because patients are driving the research forward with their participation.
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Episode 553: The Pioneer Who Pushed Lyme Disease Into the Light — Mary Beth Pfeiffer
7 feb· Tick Boot Camp
Mary Beth Pfeiffer, the pioneering investigative journalist who transformed national understanding of Lyme disease, joins the Tick Boot Camp Podcast for a landmark conversation. Before her work, Lyme disease was widely dismissed as rare, mild, and easily treated. After her reporting, that narrative collapsed. Through her award-winning journalism and her groundbreaking book Lyme: The First Epidemic of Climate Change, she became the first major voice to expose the truth: Lyme disease is a global, climate-driven epidemic that is chronically misdiagnosed, dangerously underestimated, and systematically mishandled by mainstream medicine.
In this interview, Mary Beth shares how her earlier investigative work on mental illness in U.S. jails prepared her to recognize patterns of institutional failure within the Lyme disease system. For decades, she documented how people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were misunderstood, punished, or dismissed by the very institutions meant to protect them. When she turned her attention to Lyme in 2012, she immediately recognized the same dynamic: patients with neurological and psychiatric manifestations were told they were anxious, depressed, or “crazy,” rather than infected. Families were blamed, symptoms were minimized, and children were left to suffer. Her background gave her a rare lens into how biological illness becomes mislabeled as psychological and how systems silence the very people who need help.
Mary Beth explains how her investigative series for the Poughkeepsie Journal went viral worldwide, surprising even her editors. Her reporting was read in all 50 states and across Europe and Australia, prompting the CDC to contact her directly. She details what she uncovered through Freedom of Information Act requests, including internal emails between NIH and CDC officials referring to patients as “Lyme loonies” and framing the situation as a “war” against advocates. These documents revealed attitudes inside the highest levels of public health that shaped decades of policy, diagnostic guidelines, and patient care.
The conversation dives into how a small group of early Lyme researchers defined the disease in the 1980s and then used their influence to control medical journals, shape NIH grant funding, and enforce rigid IDSA treatment guidelines. As Mary Beth explains, these early assumptions—often based on limited data and flawed antibody tests—became dogma. Their conclusions created an ecosystem where only short-course antibiotics were considered acceptable, chronic symptoms were dismissed, and doctors who treated beyond the guidelines were punished by medical boards. The result was a generation of patients abandoned by the system, forced to self-fund care, travel to distant specialists, and in many cases bankrupt themselves in search of answers.
Mary Beth discusses how patients became her greatest teachers. She shares emotional stories, including children who lost years of their lives, athletes whose careers were derailed, and an 11-year-old boy misdiagnosed for so long he ended up in a hospital bed in his living room before finally being rescued by Dr. Charles Ray Jones. She describes support groups filled with people who had seen five, ten, or fifteen doctors and were told their symptoms were anxiety, depression, or “anything but Lyme.”
The interview covers the scientific evidence supporting Lyme persistence, including animal studies, autopsy tissue findings, and molecular research showing Borrelia surviving standard treatment. Mary Beth explains why the two-tier antibody test has failed generations of patients, why indirect antibody tests are inherently flawed for immune-dysregulated populations, and why the future of accurate diagnosis depends on direct detection methods. She highlights emerging technologies, including promising work by Aces Diagnostics and Researcher Holly Ahern, which may finally offer accurate testing across all stages of infection.
The conversation moves into the larger systemic problem: how money, insurance policies, medical boards, industry influence, and journal gatekeeping have shaped what doctors are allowed to do. Mary Beth and the Tick Boot Camp team explore why clinicians who try to help chronic Lyme patients often lose insurance coverage, face board complaints, or have their licenses threatened. They discuss how electronic monitoring, AI systems, and corporate-owned medical practices further restrict doctors from practicing individualized, patient-centered medicine.
The second half of the interview focuses on the environmental drivers behind the explosion of Lyme disease. Mary Beth explains how warming temperatures, shorter winters, and ecological fragmentation have created ideal habitats for ticks. She describes how ticks have climbed mountains, expanded into higher latitudes, colonized suburban landscapes, and gained longer active seasons. These environmental changes, combined with human development patterns, have dramatically increased opportunities for exposure. She also addresses public interest in the bioweapons question raised by Chris Newby’s book Bitten, explaining why historical documentation and FOIA evidence convinced her that military tick experiments occurred, even if their impact on today’s epidemic is still unknown.
The episode closes with Mary Beth’s reflections on prevention, vigilance, and the psychological cost of losing the innocence of nature. She describes how she now sees fields, forests, and even yards differently and why she teaches her grandchildren to treat nature with both respect and caution. She shares her hope for the future: better diagnostics, more independent research, journalists willing to challenge medical orthodoxy, and a cultural shift that frees doctors to practice real medicine rather than rigid algorithms.
This interview is essential listening for anyone affected by Lyme disease, anyone questioning why chronic illness is so often dismissed, and anyone seeking to understand how climate change, medical politics, and investigative journalism intersect in one of the most important health crises of our time.
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Episode 552: Childhood Lyme Disease, Medical Gaslighting, The Quiet Epidemic, and Becoming the Doctor She Needed – Julia Bruzzese
31 jan· Tick Boot Camp
In this powerful and deeply moving episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, we sit down with Julia Bruzzese, a 22-year-old Lyme disease survivor, disability advocate, and future physician whose life was forever changed by an untreated tick bite in childhood.
After developing a classic bull’s-eye rash at age 9, Julia went undiagnosed for nearly two years, despite textbook symptoms of Lyme disease. By age 11, she experienced a catastrophic neurological decline that left her paraplegic and wheelchair-bound. Over the next decade, Julia saw more than 100 doctors, endured profound medical gaslighting, and navigated an exhausting journey through antibiotics, IVIG, IV antibiotics, plasmapheresis, stem cells, ozone therapy, and integrative care.
Julia’s story became internationally known after a moment with Pope Francis on the JFK airport tarmac went viral in 2015—an event that opened doors to care, advocacy, and awareness. She later became the emotional centerpiece of the award-winning documentary The Quiet Epidemic, appeared at New York Fashion Week as a Lyme disease advocate, and was profiled by renowned journalist Mary Beth Pfeiffer.
Today, Julia is finishing her undergraduate degree and has been accepted into medical school, determined to become the kind of doctor she needed when the system failed her.
This episode is a masterclass in:
Pediatric Lyme disease
Medical gaslighting vs. lack of education
Clinical diagnosis vs. unreliable testing
The patient-doctor relationship
Chronic illness, disability, and purpose
Why Lyme disease changes lives—and why early treatment matters
Childhood Lyme Disease & Missed Diagnosis
Tick bite and bull’s-eye rash dismissed at age 9
Two years of worsening symptoms labeled as “growing pains,” viruses, or psychological
Why early Lyme treatment saves lives
Neurological Collapse & Hospital Trauma
Sudden onset of paralysis, vision loss, fevers, hair loss, and weakness at age 11
Over 100 doctors and repeated hospitalizations
Being accused of malingering and conversion disorder
The devastating impact of medical disbelief on children
The Quiet Epidemic Documentary
How Julia became the heart of the film at age 12
Why she initially hesitated to share her story
The emotional impact of seeing her illness reflected on screen
How the documentary helps families explain Lyme disease to others
Meeting Pope Francis & Global Awareness
How a school principal secured last-minute tickets
The Pope walks directly to Julia’s wheelchair
The moment that changed everything
Media coverage that led to access to lifesaving care
Treatment Journey
Lyme-literate diagnosis by NP Somer DelSignore
Oral and IV antibiotics
IVIG (including under-dosing issues)
Plasmapheresis
POTS, Babesia, Bartonella, and autoimmune complications
Stem cell therapy abroad
Ozone and integrative protocols
Why there is no single silver bullet for Lyme disease
The Medical System & Lyme Denial
Why doctors often say “it’s all in your head”
The difference between malice and lack of training
How medical education fails chronic illness patients
Fear of insurance companies, lawsuits, and “accepted guidelines”
Why Lyme is a clinical diagnosis, not a test result
Reframing “Medical Gaslighting”
Why anger is understandable—but not always healing
How patients and doctors can become better partners
Understanding doctors’ limitations without excusing harm
Advocacy with clarity, not hostility
Disability, Identity & Resilience
Navigating life and education as a wheelchair user
Accommodations, accessibility, and invisible illness
“I have Lyme. I am not Lyme.”
Learning when to rest, when to fight, and when to live
Becoming the Doctor She Needed
Working as a medical assistant and hospital volunteer in a wheelchair
Applying to and being accepted into medical school
Becoming the first wheelchair-using medical student at her institution
Why lived experience belongs in medicine
Medical Malpractice Lawsuit
Lawsuit filed in NYC (March 2021) against multiple doctors and hospitals
Failure to diagnose and treat Lyme disease despite clear evidence
Why Lyme malpractice cases are rare—and necessary
Seeking accountability, not revenge
Purpose, Faith & Meaning
From “Why me?” to “Why not me?”
How suffering clarified her calling
The role of faith, family, and community
Why Julia wouldn’t give this journey back—even now
Memorable Quotes
“I was criminalized as an eleven-year-old child for being sick.”
“It actually was in my head—the bacteria was in my brain.”
“I have Lyme disease. I am not Lyme disease.”
“There is no silver bullet for Lyme. Healing is trial and error.”
“I wouldn’t be who I am—or know my purpose—without this journey.”
Why This Episode Matters
This episode is essential listening for:
Parents of children with unexplained symptoms
Lyme disease and chronic illness patients
Medical professionals and students
Advocates fighting for better diagnostics and care
Anyone who has ever felt dismissed, unseen, or unheard in healthcare
Julia Bruzzese’s story is not just about Lyme disease—it’s about truth, resilience, accountability, and hope.
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Episode 551: From Lithuania to Lyme: Dr. Karolina Pras’ Journey Through Mold, Long COVID & Chronic Illness — Tick Boot Camp
24 jan· Tick Boot Camp
In this powerful episode, Tick Boot Camp Podcast interviews Dr. Karolina Praskeviciute (“Dr. Pras”), a multilingual, European-trained medical doctor who has lived in Lithuania, Hong Kong, London, and the United States, traveled to 89 countries, and now uses her global experience to understand chronic illness from a unique vantage point.
Dr. Pras shares her deeply personal story of lifelong unexplained symptoms, childhood mold exposure, a bull’s-eye rash at age 15, and a medical system unequipped to recognize chronic tick-borne illness. After a devastating case of early COVID-19 in February 2020, her immune system collapsed, triggering full-blown Lyme disease, Babesia, Bartonella, tick-borne relapsing fever, MCAS, and Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (CIRS).
This conversation bridges both sides of medicine—Western and functional—and explores how chronic illness forced Dr. Pras to reevaluate everything she learned as a third-generation physician. She now brings a rare, dual perspective as both clinician and patient.
Key Topics Covered<h4>➤ Growing up in Lithuania: culture, safety, freedom & early mold exposure</h4>
She describes an independent childhood surrounded by nature—but also living in a poorly insulated home with significant hidden mold that triggered early allergies, stomach pain, nosebleeds, and metallic taste.
<h4>➤ Medical school awakening: Why Western medicine failed her symptoms</h4>
Despite coming from a family of doctors, she noticed early on that conventional medicine couldn’t explain many of her symptoms—and she witnessed firsthand how chronic illness is minimized, dismissed, or mislabeled.
<h4>➤ The first tick bite at 15 & the bull’s-eye rash ignored by doctors</h4>
Despite developing textbook erythema migrans, pediatricians refused treatment. Her mother initiated a short doxycycline course on her own—far too short to prevent chronic Lyme.
<h4>➤ Traveling the world & accumulating exposures</h4>
After living and working across continents, she now believes different strains, microbes, and environmental factors layered into the perfect storm.
<h4>➤ Long COVID as the breaking point</h4>
Like many chronically ill patients, COVID destabilized everything:
massive immune dysregulation
nonstop inflammation
MCAS flares
worsening neurological symptoms
Lyme and Babesia fully activating
<h4>➤ Mold + Lyme + Long COVID = The Perfect Storm</h4>
Her CIRS diagnosis revealed why she never recovered even after leaving mold exposure—and why immune dysfunction made Lyme treatment far more complex.
<h4>➤ Her diagnostic breakthrough with IGeneX</h4>
After repeated false-negative Western blots, specialty testing finally uncovered:
Lyme
Babesia
Bartonella
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF)
Immune activation on FISH testing
<h4>➤ Treatment: Herbs, LymeStop, detox, keto, and functional medicine</h4>
Her current regimen includes:
Houttuynia (major reduction in joint pain within 1 week)
Cryptolepis (powerful antimicrobial requiring slow titration)
Custom herbal protocols (single-herb tinctures)
HBOT
INUSpheresis
Light sauna
Gentle lymphatic drainage
Vagus nerve support
Journaling & limbic system retraining
Strict ketogenic diet after a 7-day fast dramatically reduced inflammation
She also discusses the risks of Botox, fillers, tattoos, and skincare toxins for chronically ill patients.
<h4>➤ Nervous system healing as the foundation of recovery</h4>
She explains why vagus nerve work and limbic retraining may fail if patients are still in toxin exposure (like mold or endotoxins)—a vital distinction rarely discussed.
<h4>➤ Becoming a doctor who understands chronic illness from both sides</h4>
This episode explores:
medical defensiveness
gaslighting vs unhealthy doctor-patient dynamics
why patients must be empowered, not dismissed
why doctors also need compassion and realistic expectations
how her future clinical practice will integrate empathy, functional medicine, and lived experience
Top Quotes From Dr. Pras
“I dismissed my own symptoms because I was trained to believe nothing was wrong unless labs proved it.”
“Mold was the silent force that weakened my system long before Lyme took over.”
“Healing is not linear. Some days it feels like I’m starting over, but I always come back stronger.”
“Doctors have tools—but without a healthy doctor-patient relationship, those tools don’t work.”
“I can help others now because I know when to push and when to pull back. Lived experience matters.”
Where to Find Dr. Karolina Pras
Instagram: @drkaromd
Email: [email protected] (“consultant” spelled with a K)
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Episode 550: Jesse Ruben: Chronic Lyme Disease, Music, Remission, Relapse, and the Long Road Back
17 jan· Tick Boot Camp
Singer-songwriter and Lyme disease advocate Jesse Ruben joins the Tick Boot Camp Podcast for an incredibly honest, emotional, and deeply educational conversation about chronic Lyme disease, identity loss, treatment failure, unconventional healing, relapse, nervous system trauma, and the role of music and community in survival.
Jesse’s journey spans more than a decade and includes misdiagnosis, years of antibiotic treatment, experimental therapies, remission, relapse during the pandemic, gut microbiome restoration, nervous system healing, and ultimately a renewed sense of purpose through advocacy and art.
This episode is essential listening for anyone navigating chronic Lyme disease, supporting someone who is sick, or questioning whether healing is still possible.
Jesse Ruben’s Early Life and Music Career
Jesse grew up outside Philadelphia, surrounded by music, creativity, and curiosity. While he jokes that his songwriting degree was “a very expensive, useless piece of paper,” the competitive creative environment of music school helped sharpen his storytelling voice.
By his early 20s, Jesse was living in New York City, touring, running marathons, and building momentum as an independent musician. He had just completed his third New York City Marathon, was in peak physical condition, and his career was accelerating—until his health began to unravel.
The Onset of Illness: When Lyme Disease Took Everything
Jesse’s first red flag appeared when he became short of breath climbing subway stairs, despite being a marathon runner. Soon after, nausea, dizziness, headaches, neurological symptoms, and crushing fatigue followed.
On Christmas Day 2012, Jesse developed what seemed like a flu that never went away. Over the following months, symptoms escalated dramatically:
Severe fatigue that made basic movement impossible
Brain fog and memory loss
Crawling sensations under the skin
Air hunger and dizziness
Anxiety, depression, and mood changes
Weight loss and neurological dysfunction
Despite seeing 15 doctors over nine months, Jesse received conflicting diagnoses ranging from vitamin deficiencies to fibromyalgia and lupus. Every test came back “normal.” Insurance denied coverage. Doctors told him he would “have to live with it.”
During a national tour, Jesse was so debilitated that a friend physically lifted him onto the stage to perform, then carried him back to the van afterward.
Eventually, through relentless self-research, Jesse discovered a symptom list online that finally connected the dots: Lyme disease.
Diagnosis and Early Treatment Failure
Jesse was ultimately diagnosed at the Morrison Center in New York City, where testing confirmed:
Lyme disease
Babesia
Mycoplasma
His initial treatment path included:
6 months of oral doxycycline
18 months of IV azithromycin
Antiparasitics
Mepron (for Babesia)
Antifungals, antivirals, supplements, and Chinese herbs
Despite years of treatment, nothing produced lasting improvement. Jesse describes his life during this period as being reduced to pill schedules, doctor visits, and survival mode.
The Game Changer: Chelation and Ozone Therapy
After nearly three years with minimal progress, Jesse’s provider, Dr. Gerald (“Jerry”) T. Simons at the Morrison Center, suggested a more experimental approach: chelation combined with ozone therapy.
Jesse underwent IV chelation and ozone therapy multiple times per week for several months.
The results were dramatic.
Nearly all of Jesse’s symptoms resolved, and for the first time, he felt like himself again. Even years later, booster ozone treatments helped stop symptom flares before they escalated.
🔗 Learn more about Dr. Simons and the Morrison Center: https://www.morrisonhealth.com/staff/gerald-t-simons-pa-c/
Remission, Identity Loss, and the Hidden Trauma of Healing
Jesse entered remission around 2016, but recovery wasn’t simple.
While his body improved, his nervous system remained dysregulated, leaving him:
Angry
Hypervigilant
Emotionally reactive
Afraid symptoms would return
Lyme disease had stolen not only his health but his identity as a musician, partner, and person. Re-entering the world—socially, professionally, and emotionally—was deeply challenging.
Music Born From Illness
Jesse channeled his experience into music that resonated deeply with the Lyme community.
🎵 Monster
Written from a voice memo recorded at 4:45 a.m. during a rare moment of mental clarity, Monster captures the fear, rage, and disbelief of living in an invisible war within your own body.
🔗 Watch “Monster”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJQKVSA_7Gw
🎵 This Is Why I Need You
Written after Jesse entered remission, this song is a tribute to the doctors, nurses, friends, and strangers who carried him through the darkest years.
It has since surpassed tens of millions of streams worldwide.
🔗 Watch “This Is Why I Need You”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4NgsbkyeJs
Generation Lyme: Turning Pain Into Purpose
Jesse co-founded Generation Lyme, now the largest provider of online Lyme disease support meetups in the world.
For more than six years, Jesse has hosted weekly meetups, helping newly diagnosed patients find community, guidance, and hope.
🔗 Listen to the Tick Boot Camp Generation Lyme episode: https://tickbootcamp.com/episode-250-generation-lyme-an-interview-with-brooke-stoddard-jennifer-hoffmann-jesse-ruben-and-haley-dibiase/
Relapse During the Pandemic and Gut Microbiome Collapse
In 2021, Jesse relapsed after contracting Giardia, likely due to immune vulnerability from years of antibiotics and chronic illness.
Symptoms persisted for years and included:
Severe GI dysfunction
Weight loss
Neurological symptoms
Vision changes
Heightened anxiety and isolation
Traditional GI doctors labeled it IBS, offering no real solutions.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): Resetting the Gut
Desperate for answers, Jesse pursued Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) through the Purety Clinic.
FMT helped:
Restore gut microbiome diversity
Improve sleep
Reduce inflammation
Stabilize nervous system responses
🔗 Learn more about FMT at Purety Clinic: https://www.puretyclinic.com/fecal-transplant
Ketamine Therapy: Healing the Nervous System
Despite physical improvement, Jesse’s nervous system remained stuck in fight-or-flight. In late 2024, he began IV ketamine therapy at the Atlanta Ketamine Center.
The impact was profound.
Ketamine helped Jesse:
Regulate his nervous system
Release years of stored trauma
Rebuild emotional safety
Restore gratitude for life
Heal his marriage
Reconnect with creativity
🔗 Atlanta Ketamine Center: https://atlantaketaminecenter.com/
Jesse describes ketamine as “30 years of therapy in 90 minutes” and credits it with saving his marriage, career, and life.
A New Chapter: Healing, Music, and Meaning
Today, Jesse is:
Releasing new music
Touring through intimate house concerts
Continuing Lyme advocacy
Hosting Generation Lyme meetups
Building a future with his wife
Prioritizing joy, creativity, and presence
He no longer measures success by fame—but by impact, connection, and purpose.
Final Thoughts
Jesse Ruben’s story is a powerful reminder that chronic Lyme disease is real, recovery is nonlinear, and healing often requires addressing infection, gut health, and the nervous system together.
Most importantly, his journey proves that even after years of suffering, life can still expand, soften, and become meaningful again.
🎧 Listen to the full episode now🎶 Explore Jesse’s music and advocacy🤝 Share this episode with someone who needs hope
You are not alone—and healing is still possible.
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Episode 549: How Chronic Illness Really Works: Dr. Eric Gordon on Lyme, Mold, MCAS, and the Path Back to Health — Tick Boot Camp
10 jan· Tick Boot Camp
In this episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast, Dr. Eric D. Gordon — globally recognized expert in Lyme disease, ME/CFS, mold toxicity, MCAS, mitochondrial dysfunction, and complex chronic illness — explains why chronic illness is never caused by a single factor and why recovery requires a strategic “order of operations.”
Recorded after meeting at Project Lab Coat during NYFW, this conversation dives into chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, why some people stay sick for years, why certain treatments backfire, how metabolomics reveals dysfunction that standard tests miss, and the future of individualized chronic illness care.
Guest Bio
Medical Director, Gordon Medical Associates, and President, Gordon Medical Research Center
Dr. Gordon has 45+ years of experience treating the most complex chronic illness cases. He specializes in:
Lyme disease and tick-borne infections
ME/CFS and post-infectious illness
Mold and mycotoxin exposure
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS)
Autoimmune disease
Environmental illness
Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic collapse
He co-authored the landmark 2016 PNAS metabolomics study with Dr. Robert Naviaux, which reshaped global understanding of ME/CFS and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Key Topics Covered
How Dr. Gordon became one of the world’s leading chronic illness clinicians
Why patient belief and validation are foundational to healing
Why chronic illness cases don’t fit conventional medical models
Why herbs often worsen symptoms in MCAS or inflamed patients
When pharmaceuticals help stabilize sensitive patients
How chronic inflammation blocks trace mineral absorption
The link between minerals, B vitamins, mitochondria, and NAD/NADH
When detoxification helps — and when it causes more harm
How childhood infections and environment shape lifelong immunity
The massive impact of modern microbiome disruption
Mold illness as the “great derailer” of Lyme treatment
Why genetics like MTHFR and HLA are not destiny
Why some people heal from Lyme without treatment
How metabolomics and AI will usher in precision medicine
What actually keeps people sick — accumulated compensations, not the tick bite
What intuitive patients get right (and wrong) about their symptoms
Timestamps
0:02 – Meeting Dr. Gordon at Project Labcoat
1:08 – Who he is and how he entered complex illness medicine
2:30 – Realizing conventional medicine fails chronic patients
5:45 – Why chronic illness doesn’t fit standard algorithms
8:10 – Herbs vs antibiotics: what most people misunderstand
11:28 – Inflammation and why sensitive patients react to everything
13:45 – MCAS and immune overactivation
16:25 – Why herbal formulas can trigger flares
19:30 – Pharmaceuticals that calm inflammation
20:50 – Trace minerals, mitochondrial function, and NAD pathways
23:55 – Why standard labs can’t see cellular dysfunction
26:10 – How childhood immune experiences shape resilience
28:40 – Environmental changes and microbiome decline
30:30 – Shoes, posture, fascia, lymphatics
36:35 – Structural healing and hypersensitive patients
41:20 – Founding Gordon Medical Associates
43:00 – Early discoveries with Lyme disease patients
48:30 – Detoxification, herbal protocols, and mold models
52:10 – Mold’s ability to halt all progress
55:30 – Why mold affects some family members and not others
57:20 – How food supply antibiotics disrupt immunity
59:50 – Genetics are possibilities, not fate
1:03:20 – Why some people recover after a tick bite and others don’t
1:07:00 – How AI and metabolomics will transform treatment
1:10:40 – Genes vs environment
1:13:30 – Chronic illness requires many small steps
1:16:00 – How to work with Dr. Gordon
1:18:30 – Final message of hope
Pull Quotes
“Chronic illness is not caused by one thing — and it’s never healed by one thing.”
“Herbs depend on your body’s ability to modulate inflammation. If you can’t dampen the fire, herbs feel like gasoline.”
“Genetics are not destiny. They’re possibilities.”
“Mold makes every other treatment look like it’s failing.”
“You can absolutely get well — but there is no single magic bullet.”
Call to Action
If this episode brought you clarity or hope, please share it with someone navigating chronic Lyme, mold illness, MCAS, or ME/CFS.
Subscribe and leave a review to help more people find this conversation and believe that healing is possible.
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Episode 548: When Infections Leave a Mark: How the Immune System Remembers and Shapes Alzheimer’s | Dr. Betsy Bradshaw
16 dec 2025· Tick Boot Camp
Overview
This special episode of the [Tick Boot Camp Podcast](https://tickbootcamp.com/podcast/) was recorded live at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and PCOM Symposium in collaboration with Pathobiome Perspectives. Hosted by Ali Moresco in partnership with Nikki Schultek, Executive Director of AlzPI, the conversation continues the Tick Boot Camp mission of exploring infection-associated chronic illness (IACI)—including Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections—within the global Alzheimer’s and neuroimmunology research community.
Tick Boot Camp co-founders Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen partnered with Ali and Nikki to highlight leading scientists connecting microbes, immune dysregulation, and neurodegenerative disease. This episode features Dr. Elizabeth “Betsy” Bradshaw, Assistant Professor of Neurology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, whose research investigates how past infections leave lasting imprints on the brain’s immune system and influence the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Guest
Elizabeth M. Bradshaw, PhD
Assistant Professor of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
Principal Investigator, Bradshaw Laboratory – Neuroimmunology and Genetics of Alzheimer’s
Dr. Bradshaw’s laboratory focuses on the immune system’s role in neurodegeneration, particularly how infection and inflammation alter brain immunity and predispose individuals to conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Her work builds on large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that identified immune-related genetic variants linked to Alzheimer’s susceptibility, suggesting that subtle changes in immune function—not just neuronal factors—may underlie disease onset.
Her team is exploring how pathogens such as HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1) interact with the brain’s immune cells, known as microglia, and how these infections can “reprogram” immune responses long after the pathogen is cleared.
Key Discussion Points
Dr. Bradshaw explains how her research bridges genetics, immunology, and infectious disease to better understand Alzheimer’s. Through GWAS data, her team found that many of the genes linked to Alzheimer’s risk involve immune pathways rather than neuronal signaling. This discovery redirected the field’s attention toward how immune cells respond to pathogens and environmental stressors across a lifetime.
Using human-derived microglia-like cells created from blood monocytes, her team observes how infections reshape immune cell metabolism and memory. By infecting these microglia-like cells with Alzheimer’s-associated pathogens like HSV-1, they study how genetic background and infection history determine immune cell behavior.
The findings suggest that past infections may epigenetically and metabolically train microglia—changing how they respond to aging, stress, and amyloid buildup. Even when the infection has resolved, these “reprogrammed” immune cells can remain altered for decades, silently increasing the brain’s vulnerability to neurodegeneration.
Dr. Bradshaw emphasizes that understanding how infections rewire the brain’s immune landscape could transform early intervention strategies. Identifying combinations of genetic risk factors and pathogen exposures may enable targeted prevention or immune-modulating treatments long before symptoms appear.
“Microglia remember. Even after the pathogen is gone, they carry its imprint—responding differently decades later when the brain faces new challenges.” — Dr. Elizabeth Bradshaw
Why It Matters
Dr. Bradshaw’s work reframes Alzheimer’s disease as a neuroimmune condition shaped by infection and host genetics. Her research highlights how microbial exposures, immune history, and inflammation converge to influence cognitive decline. By integrating infection biology with genetics and immunology, her team is redefining how scientists and clinicians view the root causes of Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases.
This work strengthens the growing case that the immune system’s “memory” of infection may be one of the most important and overlooked factors in brain health and aging.
About the Event
This interview was recorded at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) Symposium, held October 3, 2025, at Ohio University in Dublin, Ohio. The event brought together more than 20 leading researchers exploring how microbes, the microbiome, and immune dysregulation contribute to Alzheimer’s, dementia, and infection-associated chronic illness (IACI).
Tick Boot Camp partnered with Ali Moresco and Nikki Schultek to share these conversations and connect chronic Lyme, infection, and neurodegenerative research communities.
Learn MoreLearn more about the Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI)
Listen to Tick Boot Camp Podcast episodes, including Episode 406: Pathobiome – An Interview with Nikki Schultek and Episode 101: The Young Gun – An Interview with Alex (Ali) Moresco discussed in this interview.
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Episode 547: How Bartonella Hijacks the Brain’s Immune System: Linking Infection and Neurodegeneration – Dr. Janice Bush
9 dec 2025· Tick Boot Camp
Overview
This special episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast was recorded live at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and PCOM Symposium in collaboration with Pathobiome Perspectives. Hosted by Ali Moresco in partnership with Nikki Schultek, Executive Director of AlzPI, this series expands the Tick Boot Camp mission of exploring infection-associated chronic illness (IACI)—including Lyme and other tick-borne infections—to the global Alzheimer’s and neuroimmunology research community.
Tick Boot Camp co-founders Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen partnered with Ali and Nikki to showcase scientists exploring the microbial and immune mechanisms behind neurodegeneration. This episode features Dr. Janice Bush, a PhD candidate at North Carolina State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, whose research under world-renowned Bartonella expert Dr. Edward Breitschwerdt investigates how Bartonella bacteria alter gene expression in the brain’s immune cells.
GuestJanice Bush, DVM, PhD CandidateCollege of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University (NCSU)
Dr. Janice Bush began her career in veterinary medicine, where she observed a striking overlap between illnesses in pets and their human owners—particularly those linked to vector-borne infections like Bartonella.
Now completing her PhD under Dr. Edward Breitschwerdt, she focuses on Bartonella henselae, the bacterium behind Cat Scratch Disease, and its ability to infect human microglial cells—the brain’s resident immune defenders.
Her presentation, “Bartonella-Infected Human Microglial Cells: Transcriptional Changes Associated with Chronic Neurologic Disorders,” revealed how this stealth pathogen triggers widespread gene dysregulation linked to Alzheimer’s disease, psychiatric symptoms, and neurodegenerative processes.
Key Discussion Points
Dr. Bush explains how Bartonella infection reprograms human microglia, the brain’s innate immune cells, leading to hundreds of genes being upregulated or suppressed—affecting energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, cell signaling, and immune communication. These cellular changes mirror those observed in chronic neurological and psychiatric disorders, providing a potential mechanistic link between infection and long-term neurodegeneration.
She describes Bartonella’s sophisticated immune evasion strategy, including its ability to hijack cellular machinery and increase production of interleukin-10 (IL-10)—an anti-inflammatory cytokine that suppresses immune response, allowing the bacteria to persist undetected. This mechanism may explain why patients experience cyclic flares and remissions, and why Bartonella can linger silently for years.
Dr. Bush’s findings suggest that even short-term infections can produce measurable transcriptional changes in brain immune cells within 48 hours. If such infections persist for months or years, they may set the stage for neurodegenerative disease, particularly when combined with other pathogens or environmental factors.
“If one intracellular pathogen can cause this many changes in two days, imagine what happens over months or years. Bartonella may be the spark that primes the brain for neurodegeneration.” — Dr. Janice Bush
Why It Matters
Dr. Bush’s research offers a groundbreaking look at how a common, underrecognized infection may drive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Her work bridges veterinary medicine, infectious disease, and neurology—revealing how pathogens once dismissed as minor or self-limiting may alter the brain’s immune landscape.
By demonstrating that Bartonella can infect and manipulate microglial cells, she provides critical biological evidence linking vector-borne disease and cognitive decline, paving the way for future diagnostic and therapeutic innovation.
About the Event
This interview was recorded at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) Symposium, held October 3, 2025, at Ohio University in Dublin, Ohio. The event gathered more than 20 leading researchers exploring how microbes, the microbiome, and immune dysregulation contribute to Alzheimer’s, dementia, and infection-associated chronic illness (IACI).
The Tick Boot Camp Podcast, in partnership with Ali Moresco and Nikki Schultek, documented these conversations to connect the chronic Lyme, infectious disease, and Alzheimer’s research communities. This episode is part of Tick Boot Camp’s AlzPI collaboration series.
Learn MoreLearn more about the Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI)Listen to Tick Boot Camp Podcast episodes, including Episode 406: Pathobiome – An Interview with Nikki Schultek and Episode 101: The Young Gun – An Interview with Alex (Ali) Moresco discussed in this interview.
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Episode 546: When the Brain Pathobiome Becomes Personal: Polymicrobial Drivers of Cognitive Decline – Nicole Bell
2 dec 2025· Tick Boot Camp
Overview
This special episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast was recorded live at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and PCOM Symposium in collaboration with Pathobiome Perspectives. Hosted by Ali Moresco in partnership with Nikki Schultek (Executive Director, AlzPI), the conversation advances the Tick Boot Camp mission of exploring infection-associated chronic illness (IACI)—including Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections—within the global Alzheimer’s and neuroimmunology community.
Tick Boot Camp co-founders Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen partnered with Ali and Nikki to amplify voices connecting tick-borne illness, microbes, and cognitive decline. This episode features Nicole Bell—author, entrepreneur, and CEO of Galaxy Diagnostics—whose memoir What Lurks in the Woods documents her late husband Russ’s misdiagnosed tick-borne illness and their search for answers.
GuestNicole BellAuthor of What Lurks in the WoodsCEO, Galaxy DiagnosticsAdvocate for tick-borne and neurodegenerative diseaseBS/MS, Materials Science & Engineering (MIT)MS, Biomedical Engineering (Duke University)
At the Symposium, Nicole presented “When the brain pathobiome becomes personal,” sharing her family’s journey and new findings from Russ’s donated brain: laboratory evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Babesia otocoli (a species long thought to be deer-restricted) in brain tissue—data now being prepared for publication. Researchers also noted elevated heavy metals (lead, mercury), underscoring how polymicrobial infection plus toxic exposures may converge to drive neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s-like decline.
Key Discussion Points
Nicole details how repeated “normal” neurology workups masked a complex pathobiome process. She explains why standard two-tier Lyme serology can miss true infection, how direct detection can change care, and why patients should consider Bartonella and Babesia alongside Lyme. She outlines hallmark Bartonella clues—including striæ that resemble stretch marks (often more visible after hot showers), neuropsychiatric manifestations (irritability, anxiety, OCD, tics), ocular and joint involvement—and highlights non-tick vectors (notably fleas and household cats) that expand risk beyond forest exposure.
Nicole advocates for building a diagnostic toolkit that combines serology with sensitive direct tests to clarify which pathogens are active—critical because Borrelia, Bartonella, and Babesia require different treatment paradigms. Looking forward, she envisions comprehensive screening panels for midlife cognitive changes that integrate pathogen load, host immune signatures, and toxin status, enabling earlier, targeted interventions.
“Everyone wants a simple A→B. But the toughest chronic conditions are subtle and multifactorial. Accurate data, direct detection, and a clinician who will go on the journey with you can change everything.” — Nicole Bell
Why It Matters
Nicole’s story humanizes the science: polymicrobial infection + toxins + host factors can look “psychiatric” or “idiopathic” until modern testing reveals the underlying pathobiome. Her advocacy pushes medicine toward precision diagnostics, earlier detection, and pathogen-informed care that may prevent years of decline.
About the Event
Recorded at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) Symposium on October 3, 2025, at Ohio University (Dublin, Ohio). The meeting convened global experts investigating how microbes, the microbiome, and immune responses contribute to Alzheimer’s, dementia, PANS/PANDAS, and other infection-associated chronic illnesses (IACI). This episode is part of a Tick Boot Camp series connecting chronic Lyme research with cutting-edge brain-immune science.
Learn MoreLearn more about the Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI)Listen to Tick Boot Camp Podcast episodes, including Episode 406: Pathobiome – An Interview with Nikki Schultek, Episode 101: The Young Gun – An Interview with Alex (Ali) Moresco, and Episode 216: What Lurks in the Woods – an interview with Nicole Bell discussed in this interview.
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Episode 545: Using the Human Eye to Detect Early Alzheimer’s and Infection-Induced Brain Changes – Dr. Sean Miller (Yale)
25 nov 2025· Tick Boot Camp
Overview
This special episode of the Tick Boot Camp Podcast was recorded live at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and PCOM Symposium in collaboration with Pathobiome Perspectives. Hosted by Ali Moresco in partnership with Nikki Schultek, Executive Director of AlzPI, the conversation brings the Tick Boot Camp mission of exploring infection-associated chronic illness (IACI)—including Lyme disease and other tick-borne infections—to the global Alzheimer’s and neuroimmunology research community.
Tick Boot Camp co-founders Matt Sabatello and Rich Johannesen partnered with Ali and Nikki to highlight leading scientists connecting infection, immune dysfunction, and cognitive decline. This episode features Dr. Sean Miller, a neuroscientist and co-investigator in the Logan Lab with a primary appointment at Yale School of Medicine, who is developing ways to non-invasively detect Alzheimer’s-like pathology through the eye.
GuestSean Miller, PhDCo-Investigator, Logan Lab / Yale School of Medicine
Dr. Sean Miller completed pre-doctoral work at Harvard Medical School, earned his PhD from Johns Hopkins University, and completed post-doctoral training at Stanford University. His research focuses on neurodegeneration, neuroglia, and early diagnostic strategies for Alzheimer’s and related diseases.
At the AlzPI & PCOM Symposium, Dr. Miller presented evidence showing that SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection can accelerate Alzheimer’s-like pathology and that these changes can be detected non-invasively through retinal imaging. His findings suggest that amyloid-beta, a protein long associated with Alzheimer’s disease, may also serve as part of the brain’s antimicrobial defense system—trapping pathogens like a mesh or biofilm, but leading to damaging plaque buildup when overproduced.
Key Discussion Points
Dr. Miller describes how the COVID-19 virus can act as an infectious trigger for neuroinflammation and amyloid buildup, how the eye provides a unique window into the brain, and why early detection is essential to preventing neuron death. He shares how his lab’s AI-enhanced retinal imaging research at Yale Eye Center is identifying amyloid and tau deposits in patients with long COVID-related brain fog—opening the possibility of routine eye exams doubling as early Alzheimer’s screening tools.
He explains potential therapeutic strategies, such as limiting amyloid production during infection flare-ups and enhancing clearance mechanisms afterward to reduce chronic plaque formation. The conversation also explores his scientific journey—from designing Alzheimer’s drugs at Harvard and Johns Hopkins to realizing the need for early disease detection during his postdoc at Stanford—and how the pandemic inspired his focus on infection-induced neurodegeneration.
“We believe neurons are exposed to pathogens in the central nervous system and respond by secreting amyloid-beta to trap them. Excessive plaque buildup from repeated or severe infections may be what drives long-term neurodegeneration.” — Dr. Sean Miller
Why It Matters
Dr. Miller’s research connects infectious disease, ophthalmology, and neurology, providing a revolutionary new method to screen for early Alzheimer’s-like changes non-invasively through the human eye. His work suggests that infections like COVID-19 may trigger the same protective—but damaging—immune responses implicated in chronic conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and infection-associated cognitive decline.
About the Event
The interview took place at the 2nd Annual Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) and Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) Symposium, held on October 3, 2025, at Ohio University in Dublin, Ohio. The event brought together more than 20 global researchers exploring how microbes, the microbiome, and the immune response contribute to Alzheimer’s, dementia, PANS/PANDAS, and infection-associated chronic illnesses (IACI).
Tick Boot Camp partnered with Ali Moresco and Nikki Schultek to share the voices of researchers advancing the field of infection-associated chronic illness. This episode is part of a multi-part Tick Boot Camp series highlighting how pathobiome and microbiome science are transforming the understanding of Lyme disease, infection, and neurodegeneration.
Learn More
Learn more about the Alzheimer’s Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI)
Listen to Tick Boot Camp Podcast episodes, including Episode 406: Pathobiome – An Interview with Nikki Schultek and Episode 101: The Young Gun – An Interview with Alex (Ali) Moresco discussed in this interview.
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Laat meer zien

Afleveringen

Episode 564: From Vision Loss to Voice: Marina Morgan’s Lyme Disease Journey

Episode 563: At the Frontlines of Chronic Illness: ILADS Expert Panel Webinar

Episode 562: Pediatric Lyme, Autism Regression, PANS/PANDAS & Root-Cause Healing | Dr. Somer DelSignore

Episode 561: Healing Chronic Lyme Through Terrain, Stress Physiology & Liquid Intelligence | Frédéric Roscop

Episode 560: MCAS, Chronic Lyme Disease, GLP-1 Agonists, Biofilms, and the Future of Precision Medicine — Dr. Tania Dempsey, MD

Episode 559: Restoring and Rebuilding Your Identity: Healing Lyme Disease Beyond the Physical | Live Webinar

Episode 558: Persistent Infection, Molecular Mimicry, and the Future of Chronic Lyme | Amy Proal, PhD

Episode 557: The Stanford Scientist Rewriting the Future of Lyme Disease Treatment — Dr. Jayakumar Rajadas | Tick Boot Camp

Episode 556: Solving Lyme Diagnostics and Discovering New Tick-Borne Pathogens with Dr. Bobbi S. Pritt

Episode 555: The Science of Why Some People Don’t Recover from Lyme Disease — Inside the Largest Clinical Study at MIT – with Dr. Michal (Mikki) Tal

Episode 554: How MIT Is Redefining Chronic Lyme Disease: Inside the MAESTRO Study with Yuri Kim

Episode 553: The Pioneer Who Pushed Lyme Disease Into the Light — Mary Beth Pfeiffer

Episode 552: Childhood Lyme Disease, Medical Gaslighting, The Quiet Epidemic, and Becoming the Doctor She Needed – Julia Bruzzese

Episode 551: From Lithuania to Lyme: Dr. Karolina Pras’ Journey Through Mold, Long COVID & Chronic Illness — Tick Boot Camp

Episode 550: Jesse Ruben: Chronic Lyme Disease, Music, Remission, Relapse, and the Long Road Back

Episode 549: How Chronic Illness Really Works: Dr. Eric Gordon on Lyme, Mold, MCAS, and the Path Back to Health — Tick Boot Camp

Episode 548: When Infections Leave a Mark: How the Immune System Remembers and Shapes Alzheimer’s | Dr. Betsy Bradshaw

Episode 547: How Bartonella Hijacks the Brain’s Immune System: Linking Infection and Neurodegeneration – Dr. Janice Bush

Episode 546: When the Brain Pathobiome Becomes Personal: Polymicrobial Drivers of Cognitive Decline – Nicole Bell

Episode 545: Using the Human Eye to Detect Early Alzheimer’s and Infection-Induced Brain Changes – Dr. Sean Miller (Yale)